^l
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2007 witii funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation
Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/ejectedof1662inc01nigliuoft
PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
HISTORICAL SERIES
No. xn.
The Ejected of 1662
IN
Cumberland & Westmorland
Sherratt & Hughes
Publishers to the Victoria University of Manchester
Manchester: 34 Cross Street
London: 33 Soho Square, W.
Agents for the United States
Longmans, Green & Co.
443-449 Fourth Avenue, New York
^%
The Ejected of 1662
in
Cumberland & Westmorland
Their Predecessors and Successors
^
BY
B. NIGHTINGALE, M.A.
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. I.
1
MANCHESTER
At the University Press
1911
V
V^
( ^
\
\
University of Manchester Publications
No. LXII.
CONTENTS
Prhfacb
Abbreviations Explained
Principal Authorities Consulted
Chapter I. Brief Summary of the Period
,, II. The Area in Question
,, III. The Men and Their Story
PAGE
xi
XV
xvii
1
71
131
I
CUMBERLAND.
I . The Carlisle Group : —
1. Carlisle (St. Mary's and St. Cuthbert's)
2. Stanwix ...
3. Crosby-on-Eden
4. Wetheral and Warwick
5. Kirkandrews-on-Eden
6. Beaumont with Grinsdale
7. Burgh-by-sands
8. Great Orton
9. Dalston
II. The Brampton Group: —
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Brampton
Castle Carrock
Cumrew
Cumwhitton
Nether Denton
Farlam
Lanercost
Walton
Irthington
10. Hay ton
11. Stapleton
12. Scaleby
13. Bewcastle
14. Kirkandrews-on
15. Arthuret
16. Kirklinton
17. RoclifEe
Esk
133
188
199
207
216
218
223
227
234
249
262
268
271
274
277
278
282
283
285
2e8
290
292
297
302
307
314
vi Contents
PAGE
III, The Lazonbt Group: —
1 . Lazonby ... ... ■ ■ • •• ■ • • • 318
2. Hesket-in-the-Forest 327
3. Kirkoswald 331
4. Renwick ... ... ••• •■• ••• ••• 347
5. Addingham ... ... .. ... .•• ••■ 349
6. Great Salkeld 358
7. Melmerby .. ... ... ... ... ••■ 383
8. Ousby. 387
9. Kirkland 391
10. Alston 399
11. Ainstable 402
12. Croglin • .. 406
IV. The Penrith Group: —
1. Penrith ... 417
2. Edenhall 439
3. Newton Reigny ... ... ... ... ... 450
4. Greystoke ... ... ... ... ... ... 454
5. Skelton ... 479
6. Hutton-in-the-Forest 486
7. Castle Sowerby 492
8. Sebergham 499
9. Raugbton Head 502
10. Dacre 507
11. Watermillock 510
12. Matterdale 518
V. The Wigton Group: —
1. Wigton 520
2. Westward 526
3. Thursby 531
4. Caldbeck 547
5. Uldale 554
6. Ireby 559
7. Bolton 564
8. AUhallows 571
9. Torpenhow ... ... ... ... ... ... 574
10. Plumbland ... 533
VI. The Holm Cui.tram Group: —
1. Holm Cultram 59I
2. Kirkbride ... ... ... ... 595
Contents vii
PAGE
3. Bowness 600
4. Kirkbampton ... ... ... ... ... ••■ 606
5. Aikton 609
6. Bromfield 638
7. Aspatria ... ... ... ... ... ... 643
VII. The Keswick Group: —
1. Crosthwaite ... ... ... ... ... ... 647
2. Thornthwaite 659
3. Threlkeld 667
4. Bassenthwaite ... . . ... ... ... ... 671
5. Embleton ... 677
VIII. The Cockermouth Group : —
1. Cockermouth ... ... ... ... ... 681
2. Bridekirk 707
3. Isel 723
4. Dearham 728
5. Gilcrux 731
6. Cross Canonby .. ... ... ... ... ... 735
7. Lorton 738
8. Loweswater ... ... ... ... ... ... 742
9. Brigham 746
10. Camerton 758
11. Dean 761
12. Lamplugh 770
IX. The St. Bees Group. —
1. St. Bees 779
2. Workington 786
3. Harrington ... .. ... ... ... ... 791
4. Distington 799
5. Moresby ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 805
6. Arlecdon 808
7. Whitehaven ... 810
8. Ennerdale ... ... 815
9. Cleator ... ... ... 816
10. Egremont 820
11. Haile 831
12. Beckermet and Calderbridge ... ... ... .. 833
13. Ponsonby 835
14. Gosforth 836
15. Drigg 841
VIU
Contents
PAGE
16. Irton
844
17. Eskdale and Wasdale ...
845
, 18. Muncaster
848
19, Waberthwaite ...
850
20. Corney
854
21. Bootle
858
22. Whitbeck
866
23. Whicliam
870
24. Millom
872
WESTMORLAND.
I. The Kendal Groui
1. Kendal ...
2. Crosthwaite
3. Heversham
4. Beetham
5. Burton
6. Old Button
7. Firbank
8. Killington
9. Kirkby Lonsdale
875
962
968
981
988
997
1002
1004
1009
II. The Windermere Group: —
1. Windermere
2. Troutbeck
3. Ambleside
4. Grasmere
III. The Kirkby Stephen Grout
1. Kirkby Stephen
2. Crosby Garrett
3. Ravenstonedale
4. Great Asby
5. Great Musgrave
6. Brough ...
7. Warcop ...
1035
1047
1051
1059
1071
1092
1100
1111
1116
1119
1123
IV. The Appleby Group: —
1. Appleby (a. St. Lawrence; b. St. Michael or Bon-
gate) 1129
2. Ormside 1143
3. Long Marton ... ... ... ... ... ... 1147
Contents ix
PAGE
4. Dufton 1153
5. Newbiggin ... ... ... ••• ••■ ••• 1157
6. Milburn 1160
7. Kirkby Thore 1164
8. Temple Sowerby 1173
9. Bolton 1175
10. Morland 1177
V. The Shap Group: —
1. Shap 1189
2. Crosby Ravensworth ... ... ... •■■ ... 1196
3. Orton 1200
4. Bampton 1211
5. Askham ... 1217
6. Barton 1224
7. Patterdale 1229
8. Martindale 1232
9. Lowther 1234
10. Clifton 1239
11. Cliburn 1242
12. Brougham 1246
Chapter IV. Their Works do Fot.LOw Them 1251
APPENDICES.
I. The Commonwealth Survey for 1649 1299
II. The Commonwealth Survey for 1656-7 1300
III. Ministerial Augmentations for 1655 — 1658 ... ... 1313
IV. Collections for the Piedmontese Sufferers 1655-6 ... 1326
V. Conventicle Returns for 1669 ... 1329
VI. Presentments for Nonconformity, &c., 1662, 1670, &c. 1.330
VII. Indulgence Licenses for 1672 ... ... ... ... 1365
VIII. Tithe and other Disputes 1373
IX. Dates of Parish Registers and Transcripts ... ... 1379
Corrigenda et Addenda ... ... ... ... ... 1385
Bibliography ... ... ... ... ... ... 1409
Index 1425
PREFACE
Five years ago, when, as a research student of
Manchester University, I took in hand the subject of
this worli, it promised no considerable fruit. About
thirty names in Calamy's list of Ejected Ministers
constituted a working basis. They were little more
than names, and probably a dozen pages would have
represented all the information which then seemed to be
available. As may be surmised from this, the first idea
was to restrict enquiry to the thirty names referred to;
in other words to test Calamy for this particular area;
but it soon became clear that a restriction of that kind
would have very serious disadvantages, and that it was
in every way desirable to link with the Ejections of the
Restoration and the Uniformity Act the Sequestrations
of the Commonwealth Period. That was equivalent to
testing Walker, whose book was issued as a rejoinder
to Calamy's. The idea was to fill in the blank in the
various Incumbent lists from about 1640 to 1662, with
a view to seeing what men were displaced under the two
regimes, a blank which is a very serious one, and which
County Histories almost invariably ignore. It became
evident, however, that, if this principle were strictly
adhered to, a large amount of most valuable information
would have to be ruled out; and the idea was again
enlarged. The ultimate aim, therefore, has been to
give a list of Incumbents for the 17th Century. Nor
have I hesitated to give a very liberal interpretation to
the phrase "17th Century," overlapping often on both
sides, particularly in cases where the information added
has not appeared in print. It is, therefore, very
necessary that the reader should remember that, while
every care has been taken to carry out faithfully the
enlarged idea, make the list in each case as accurate and
Xll
Preface
complete as possible for the period, the main strength
has been devoted to the years covered by the
Sequestrations and Ejections. County Histories are
fairly reliable guides for periods preceding and
succeeding the one with which I am specially concerned.
What promised to be a comparatively barren subject
has produced the present considerable work ; and I have
most reluctantly had to refuse admission to further
material, or the work would have been even more
seriously large than it is. The truth is that to enquiries
of this kind there appears to be no finality, and the
earnest student never needs to despair of any subject,
however unpromising it may appear.
The particular attention of the reader is called to the
Appendices and other matters at the end of the book.
Much of the information given there is of the utmost
importance. It supplements and occasionally modifies
the text and should be read in conjunction with it. It
came to hand too late to be embodied in the work proper ;
but I felt that the reader should be put in possession of it,
though it involved some sacrifice of literary order and
unity.
The book is not meant to be an apologetic for any
particular type of religious life. I have had no brief
except for historic facts, and I have given to such facts
the only interpretation which seemed permissible. If I
have presented a more favourable view of the policy of
the Commonwealth Rulers in reference to the Royalist
Clergy than is entertained in some quarters, it is because
no other view seemed open, so far, at least, as this area
is concerned. Possibly the part of the book which will
excite most diversity of opinion is that which deals with
the problem of Presbyterianism ; but here again the
position assumed seemed to be the only defensible one.
The book does not pretend to be above criticism. The
enormous mass of detail which it contains makes
absolute accuracy almost impossible; and all that I
claim is that the best open to me amidst the exactions of
a busy Pastorate has been put into it.
Preface xiii
One thing, at least, it is hoped the work will do, viz.,
deliver writers on the Ecclesiastical History of this area
from the spell of Walker and Todd, under which they
have hitherto been. Without challenge of any kind, the
statements of those two authors have been taken on trust
by most writers ; but, while both of them gleaned
diligently in the byways of historic research, they are
quite unreliable in relation to matters of this kind.
Both have written what is grotesquely coloured and even
untrue. The writers have their value, but the value is
of a general rather than specific character. As Dr.
Todd himself puts it, their facts must not be "pressed
too close at the heeles."
At least the work can claim uniqueness. I do not
know of any similar attempt for any other area ; and I
am not surprised; the labour has been Herculean, and,
while I in no way regret it, I am not sorry to be able
to write " finis."
It remains for me to acknowledge my indebtedness
to those who have given me assistance. The Clergy,
with scarcely an exception, during three Summer
holidays extended to me the warmest welcome and the
most generous hospitality. The exp>erience will remain
with me as one of the happiest memories of life. The
custodians of the Carlisle and Chester Diocesan Registries
along with Mr. W. H. Satterthwaite, M.A., of Lancaster,
who has charge of the Transcripts connected with
the western portion of the ancient Archdeaconry of
Richmond, offered me every facility for my work.
To the Bishop of Chester, in particular, am I greatly
indebted for securing easy access to the documents
belonging to that part of his See with which I
was concerned. To his Grace, the Archbishop of
Canterbury, I am grateful for permission to print the
extracts from the Lambeth MSS. which appear in the
work; also to the Librarians of the Manchester Free
Library, the John Rylands Library, the Preston Free
Library, the Jackson Library (Carlisle), Dr. Williams's
Library, the Congregational Library (Memorial Hall,
xiv Preface
London), the Bodleian, the Lambeth Library, the Sion
College Library, the Authorities of the British Museum,
and the Record Office, the Town Clerks of Carlisle and
Kendal respectively, the Secretary and Trustees of the
Presbyterian Fund, and the Secretary and Trustees of
the Congregational Fund Board. Professor Tout,
M.A., and Principal Gordon, M.A., have taken real
interest in the work from the beginning, and helped me
with many valuable suggestions. The latter, in par-
ticular, has laid me under great obligation by his most
generous assistance in many directions. In addition to
much else, the comprehensive Index, which is not the
least valuable part of the book, is almost entirely his work.
Professor Firth, M.A., Litt.D. of Oxford also, who
has seen much of the MS., has assisted not a little by
his kindly encouragement.
If the book in any way stimulates pursuit of
knowledge ; suggests sources of information for those
who desire to write Parish Histories ; and quickens
interest in the great religious problems of the 17th
Century my labour will have been to good purpose.
B. NIGHTINGALE.
The Manse,
Bairstow Street,
Preston.
December, 191 1.
ABBREVIATIONS EXPLAINED
Cal. S.P. Dom.
S.P. Dom.
L.J.
C.J.
Al. Ox.
Ath. Cant.
Cant. Grad.
Nicolson and Burn.
Hutchinson.
Whellan.
Calamy.
Non. Mem.
Miscel.
Neal's Hist. Pur.
Trans. (O.S.).
Trans. (N.S.).
Rel. Bax.
Walker.
W. Ath.
Hist. Eng. Ch.
MS. Min. Bk. Cock. Ch.
H.M.C.
Bodl. MSS.
Lewis's Hist.
Clarendon.
Hanbury.
C.S. (O.S.).
C.S. (N.S.).
Dryadale.
Annals.
Baillie.
Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series.
State Papers, Domestic Series.
Lords Journal.
Commons Journal.
Foster's Alunmi Oxoni&nses.
Cooper's Athenae Cantabrigienses.
Cantabrigienses Craduati.
History of Cumberland and Westmorland.
History of Cumberland.
History of Cumberland and Westmorland.
Calamy's Account of the Ejected Ministers.
Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorials.
Bishop Nicolson's Miscellany Accounts of the
Diocese of Carlisle, 1703-4.
History of the Puritajis (1737 Edition).
Transactions of the Cumberland and West-
morland Archaeological Society, Old
Series.
Transactions of the C. and W. Archaeological
Society, New Series.
Reliquiae Baxterianae.
Sufferings of the Clergy.
Wood's Athenae.
Shaw's History of the English Church during
the Civil Wars and under the Common-
wealth (1640—1660).
HS. Minute Book of the Cockermouth Con-
gregational Church.
Historical MSS. Commission.
MSS. in the Bodleian Library.
History of the Congregational Church, Cock-
ermouth.
History of the Rebellion (1839 Edition),
Historical Memorials.
Chetham Society Publications, Old Series.
Chetham Society Publications, New Series.
History of the Presbyterians in England.
M'Crie's Annals of English Presbytery,
Letters and Journals.
xvi Abbreviations
Hist. Eng. Cong. Dale's History of English Congregationalism.
Macphail. The Presbyterian Church : Its Doctrine, Wor-
ship and Polity.
Eng. U. Hist. Gordon's Heads of English Unitarian History.
Lamb. MSS. MSS. in the Lambeth Library.
Brit. Mus. British Museum.
Add. MSS. Brit Mus. Additional MSS. in the British Museum.
The following also may assist the reader in relation to the extracts
from original documents ; and it may be well, further, to point out that
to avoid needless repetition the documents themselves are frequently
abbreviated. The reader, however, who is so disposed, can easily fill in
the blanks, by comparing those of the same MS. together. Invariably a
complete one is given somewhere. Take Lamb. MS. 996 for example —
an unabbreviated extract appears under Ireby, p. 560 : —
yy = they.
yt = that,
or = our
pducing = producing. Almost invariably contractions take place in com-
binations of a vowel with "r."
pish = parish,
pills = perils.
pnt = present.
Sept=Sepultus.
wn = when. >
yrf ore = therefore
Lp and Lorp = Lordship,
possions = possessions,
exaied = examined,
accoted = accounted,
povicon = provision.
memorandum memorandum. Latin endings are frequently cut off.
yrly = yearly.
sd = said
sevall = several
pfitts= profits
pliamt = parliament
pticulers = particulars.
PRINCIPAL AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
I. Paeish Registers,
About 130 of these have been examined and they have
supplied information of the utmost value. It is not
suggested that the examination has been minute and
complete for each document. That would have been a
very serious task, as the area is large, and many of the
places are remote from any railway station. On an
average two hours each sufficed, the search being restricted
to the period with which this work is concerned. A
sentence or two descriptive of their condition appears
under each heading.
II. Manuscripts.
1. Plundered Ministers MSS.
There are over 60 of these in the Lambeth Library,
varying considerably in size. Dr. Shaw (" English
Church," &c., vol. ii.) describes them. They have all
been carefully examined, and whatever related to our
area has been transferred to this work. With reference
to MS. 1021 Dr. Shaw writes : " missing for a long time."
This document has been quite recently found by the
present Librarian after being lost for 80 years. With the
exception of the Librarian and the Archbishop, I was the
only person who had seen it at the time. It is a very
bulky volume, would seem to be five or six volumes in one,
is in a dilapidated condition and without covers. It is a
rough Note Book of the Trustees' Meetings, and covers the
years January 1654, to September 1657. The notes are
considerably better written and fuller than is usually the
case, and the volume is of real value.
In the Record Office are about 10 volumes dealing with
the same matters, which also have been inspected in so
far as they relate to our area.
In Sion College is one MS. but it contains nothing with
which we are particularly concerned.
xviii Authorities
Three MSS. in tlie British Museum (Add. MSS., 15669,
15670, 15671) have been carefully inspected with rich
results; and similarly the nine volumes in the Bodleian,
appearing as the Bodl. MSS. 322—329. MS. 330 is now
Eawl. D. 711. It is a mere fragment containing names
of Ministers who subscribed the Engagement of 1649.
Nos. 328 and 329 have nothing relating to our area.
There are in the Lambeth Library also several volumes
of Surveys which have been examined.
2. State P a/per s.
These are in the Record Office. Almost invariably I have
gone to the originals an,d copied accordingly, not being
content with the summaries given in Calendars, which,
while good as guides, often omit interesting and necessary
details. The student will be well advised to do this as far
as possible. To these may be added the Institution and
Composition Books together with the Exchequer Deposi-
tions and Exchequer Bills and Answers (Legal Search
Room). The latter in particular are extremely valuable
and being arranged in Counties are easily used.
3. The Rawlinson MSS.
A large collection in the Bodleian, which has only been
indifferently worked by writers on Nonconformist History,
and yet in it, especially the Letter series, are immense
materials of the utmost value for the purpose.
4. The Birch MSS.
These, which now include the Ayscough MSS, are in the
British Museum. They are a large and most valuable
collection, the Letter series especially being rich. They
have been more largely used by writers on Nonconformist
History than the Rawlinson MSS., but there is still much
that has never appeared in print.
5. The Walker 31 SS.
These are in the same Library. Walker's own notes are
of little use because they have been largely embodied m
Authorities xix
his "Sufferings of the Clergy," whilst his writing is
execrable. But besides copies of some rare pamphlets and
other materials the MSS. contain the original contribu-
tions of Walker's correspondents in various parts of the
country. These give interesting views from behind, which
often considerably modify the front view.
6. House of Lords MSS.
In the Library of the House of Lords. Among other
documents are the original Petitions of the Clergy, who
sought restoration to their livings in 1660. A list is given
in the 7th Eeport of the Hist. MSS. Com., Pt. I, pp. 104,
108. Those relating to our area have been copied and
inserted.
7. The Machell and Nicolson MSS.
The first are the work of Thomas Machell, Rector of
Kirkby Thore. There are several volumes of miscel-
laneous matters relating to the two Counties, and occa-
sionally they supply items of interest. They are in the
Dean and Chapter Library, Carlisle. The Nicolson MSS,
the work of Bishop Nicolson, are in the same place, and
are mainly extracts from the Episcopal Register. They
were largely used by Nicolson and Burn in their work,
and so have yielded little independent assistance for this.
8. The Kendal Indictment and Order Books.
These are in the custody of the Town Clerk of that town,
who gave every facility for consulting them.
9. The Carlisle Chamberlain's Accounts.
These are in the custody of the Town Clerk, who readily
placed them at my disposal.
10. The Evans and Baxter MSS.
Both are in Dr. Williams's Library, London. The
former are largely used in James's " Presbyterian Chapels
and Charities." The latter, the Letter series, in particular,
gave a few results.
XX Authorities
11. The Minutes and Cash Boohs of the Presbyterian
Fund.
A large and well kept collection in Dr. Williams's
Library, dating from 1690 and continuing with scarcely
a break to tbe present time,
12. The Minutes of the Congregational Fund Board.
Tliese are in tbe Muniment Room of the Memorial
Hall, London. They are not near so rich, full, and well
kept as those of the Presbyterian Fund. They begin
with December 1695, and the first volume ends with
1699. Volume II. is from 1700—1704, and Vol. III.
1738 — 1747. There appears therefore to be a considerable
gap in them. Taken along with the Minutes of the Pres-
byterian Fund they are invaluable for purposes of Non-
conformist History; and it is surprising that so little use
has been made of them.
13. The Jackson MSS.
These were the work of the late Wm. Jackson, F.S.A.,
who bequeathed them with many of his rare books to the
Carlisle Library where they form the Jacksoniana Biblio-
theca. The MSS. contain Will extracts. Pedigrees and
other interesting material which he collected in his
life time. A catalogue of this Library has recently been
printed.
14. Transcripts, etc.
Those kept at Carlisle and Lancaster have been examined,
so also has the Carlisle Episcopal Register. At Chester
the Act and Visitation Books have been similarly treated.
15. The Larkham MSS.
These include : —
(a) The Cockermouth Church Book. This was the work
of George Larkham until his death, a few additions being
made by later hands. It is in the possession of the
Deacons of the Cockermouth Congregational Church.
(6) The Diary of Thomas Larkham from 1647. This is
a most remarkable document and is about the same size
as the Cockermouth Church Book. There appear to be in
it at least five different handwritings : —
Authorities xxi
1. That of the original owner who seems to have been
an apothecary. The writing here is beautiful and the
entries are such as would concern his business. The date
in this writing goes back at least to 1697.
2. Near the end of the book are several pages occupied
with Christenings, Burials and Receipts in " or [our] prish
church of East Greenwch, by G. L. then elected Clarke,"
beginning with December 1615. The writing is small
and neat, but distinctly different from the other.
3. Thomas Larkham was sometime Minister of East
Greenwich, and probably the book came into his possession
through this connection. He used it as a Diary and Book
of Accounts and the earliest date is 1647. These items
appear in the various spaces which the other writers had
left; but Larkham was not satisfied with that, he has
written on the top of the other, actually using their words
and letters wherever possible for his own purpose. The
result is that it is extremely difficult to pick out his
entries.
4. From Thomas Larkham the book appears to have
passed on to his son George, the Cockermouth Minister,
who fills in remaining spaces and adds copies of letters
which Mr. Lewis has printed.
5. The next writer is Larkham Bowes, George Lark-
ham's grandson, whose entries are few.
The MS. is owned by H. M. Fawcett, Esq., of Whitley
Bay, a descendant of Larkham, who kindly lent it me for
some time. It is very doubtful if a complete transcript
can ever be made owing to the superimposition of
Larkham's writing upon the original; and the task of
making a fairly readable one is very serious. I have,
however, proceeded some way through it. The MS. is
soiled and worn in places ; and was rebound by the owner
a short time ago.
16. The Bradshaigh MS.
This is a most valuable document throwing vivid light
upon the sufferings of Nonconformists during the period
xxii Authorities
of the Stuart reigns. It is in the possession of Dr. Farrer,
who permitted me to make considerable extracts from it.
It relates mainly to Lancashire, but has several times
served to illustrate points.
III. Printed Books.
Among County Histories that of Nicolson and Burn,
published in 1777, stands easily first. Though some areas
are treated very indifferently, especially the West
Cumbrian side, it has served as a working basis and been
found exceedingly useful. Hutchinson's History in two
volumes, published in 1794, is restricted to Cumberland.
In relation to the inquiries with which this work is con-
cerned, it adds little new and simply copies. Jefferson's
book is incomplete. Published during the years 1838 to
1842, the author has given only three volumes : "Allerdale
above Derwent," " History of Carlisle," and " History of
Leath Ward." It is disappointing because it promises in
the Preface to supply the lack of the other Historians in
regard to the Incumbents of the various Parishes, and yet
it merely copies. Whellan's " History of Cumberland and
Westmorland," published in 1860, contains nothing fresh
but inaccuracies, of which there is an abundance. Very
early I came to see that it was quite unreliable. The
" Victoria County History " has not proceeded sufficiently
far to be of service ; but the Chapter on the Ecclesiastical
History of Cumberland is not assuring. There is a great
opportunity for a thoroughly good, up to date History for
these two Counties, which will do for them what Baines
has done for Lancashire. The two Histories by Chancellor
Ferguson, published by Elliot Stock, are true to their
name, " Popular " ; but both, along with the " Diocesan
History of Carlisle " by the same writer, have been useful
for their panoramic views. The area is not rich in purely
Local Histories, but those in existence have been consulted.
The Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland
ArchiEological Society, numbering some sixteen volumes,
Old Series, and ten. New Series, have been carefully
examined. The articles are sometimes written more for
Authorities xxiii
popular consumptiou than with a view to the needs of the
student; but they invariably indicate valuable sources of
information.
Baxter's " Reliquiae " is indispensable to the student
who would know the spirit and tendencies of the time.
Wood's "Athenae, Oxon," Brook's " Lives of the Puritans,''
Marsden's " History of the Puritans," and in particular
Neal's " History of the Puritans " have been frequent
companions.
Calamy's " Account of the Worthy Ministers who
were Ejected, &c.," has been in constant requisition.
I have had by me the First Edition, published in 1702, a
very unpretentious little work of one volume, only about
half of which is occupied with the "Account." In most
cases the information is very meagre, little more than
names being given. The Second Edition, published in
1713, the Continuation making Vols. III. and lY., being
added in 1727, is the one used throughout this work.
Palmer undertook to " abridge, correct, methodize " and
make additions, and an Edition called the " Second
Edition " appeared in 1775. The work was reissued in
1802-O and again it is called a " Second Edition." It
differs somewhat from the 1775 Edition. If there was a
First Edition I have not seen it; but the others are in my
possession. Palmer, however, has not done his work well;
and I greatly prefer the original Calamy.
Walker's " Sufferings of the Clergy " has had its place
side by side with Calamy. Criticisms of this book appear
in the work and the original MSS. in the Bodleian are an
interesting commentary upon it. Hanbury's " Historical
Memorials," Wilson's "Dissenting Churches," and Hunter's
"Life of Oliver Heywood" have yielded considerable help.
Dr. Shaw's "History of the English Church, &c.," has been
of the greatest assistance, not only in its careful discussion
of 17th Century religious problems , but as a guide to the
MS. collections open to students of that period.
Presbyterian Historians, like Dr. Drysdale, Dr. M'Crie,
and the Eev. W. M. Macphail, M.A., have been carefully
xxiv Authorities
lead, even as have Congregational Historians like Dr.
Dale, Dr. Stoughton, Dr. Dexter, and Dr. Brown.
Tlie Calendars of State Papers, several Reports of the
Historical MSS. Commission, the Journals of the House of
Lords and the House of Commons have been consulted;
but, as previously intimated, in almost all cases I have
gone behind Calendars and Reports to original documents.
Very large use has been made of Foster's monumental
work, "Alumni Oxonienses." A considerable proportion
of Cumberland and Westmorland men went to Oxford for
their training, to Queen's College in particular. Cooper's
"Athenae Cantabrigienses " has occasionally given assist-
ance, but, breaking off near the end of the 16th Century, it
rarely touches the period with which we are concerned.
The " Cantabrigienses Graduati " begins with 1659 and so
there is a gap at the point where assistance is most needed.
Gough's copy of the " Graduati " in the Bodleian is the
one that has been used. Scott's " Fasti," " Catalogue of
Edinburgh Graduates " (Bannatyne Ckib), Baillie s
Letters, &c., have all yielded their quotas.
For the general history, Gardiner's " History of the
Commonwealth" and "The Cambridge Modern History,"
not forgetting Hume, Clarendon, Macaulay, and Green,
are the books upon which I have mainly relied.
Large use has been made of the Tracts of the Period as
catalogued in the Thomason Tracts; and as treasured in
the Jackson Library, Carlisle, British Museum, and
Bodleian. Notices of these appear in the work.
A rich storehouse of material will be found in the
Quaker literature of the time, even when the student is
not dealing directly with the Quaker movement. Fox's
" Journal," Story's " Life," Besse's " Sufferings of the
Quakers," Sewell's " History of the Quakers," Smith's
" Bibliotheca Anti-Quakeriana," " The First Publishers of
the Truth," Ferguson's " Early Friends," with many
other minor works have been in constant requisition.
With reference to Besse and others one has sometimes
been a little disquieted by serious date errors, but in other
respects we may take them as generally trustworthy.
CHAPTER I.
Brief Summary of the Period.
On the 29tli of May, 1660, Charles II. entered London
to take possession of his father's throne. It was the
King's birthday, his thirtieth, a very happy coincidence,
and the welcome extended to him lacked nothing in the
way of cordiality and warmth. Indeed, his journej^ from
Dover, where he landed on the 25th, was a triumphal
march. Pepys, one of the Royal party, writes about his
reception in the following terms: — "Infinite the crowd
of people and the horsemen, citizens and noblemen of
all sorts. The Mayor of the town came and gave him his
white staff e, the badge of his place, which the King did
give him again. The Mayor also presented him from the
town a very rich Bible, which he took and said it was
the thing that he loved above all things in the world. A
canopy was provided for him to stand under, which he
did, and talked awhile with General Monk and others,
and so into a stately coach there set for him, and so away
through the towne towards Canterbury, without making
any stay at Dover. The shouting and joy expressed by
all is past imagination.^" John Evelyn, another Diarist
of that period, thus refers to his entrance into London
on the 29th:— "With a triumph of above 20,000 horse
and foote, brandishing their swords and shouting with
inexpressible joy; the wayes strew'd with flowers, the
bells ringing, the streetes hung with tapistry, fountaines
running with wine; the Aiaior, Aldermen and all the
Companies in their liveries, chaines of gold and banners;
Lords and Nobles clad in cloth of silver, gold and velvet;
the windows and balconies well set with ladies ; trumpets,
music, and myriads of people flocking, even so far as from
1. Diary, edited by Lord Braybrooke (1890 Ed.), p. 37.
2 The Ejected of 1662
Eochester, so as they were seven houres in passing the
Citty, even from 2 in the afternoone till 9 at night. I
stood in the Strand and beheld it, and bless'd God. And
all this was don without one drop of bloud shed, and
by that very army which rebell'd against him ; but it
was the Lord's doing, for such a Eestauration was never
mention'd in any history antient or modern, since the
returne of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity; nor
so joyfull a day and so bright ever seene in this Nation,
this hapning when to expect or effect it was past all human
policy." 1 Addresses of welcome poured in from religious
bodies all over the country; grave and reverend divines
quite lost their heads over the matter, and indulged in
language of adulation about the restored Monarch which
comported little with the dignity of their sacred calling.
Manchester was particularly forward. Henry Newcome
says that, as early as May 6th, he prayed for the Xing
" by periphrasis " ; and that the Saturday after (May 12)
" they resolved to proclaim the king in Manchester, and
we went first into the church, and sung a Psalm, and after
I went into the pulpit, and prayed about half an hour,
wherein the Lord did affect all the people, the change
was so great." 2 This, he informs us, was followed on
May 24th by " a public day of thanksgiving appointed
by authority," on which day he preached on 2, Sam. 19. 14.
Preston, another Lancashire town, was equally forward
and equally enthusiastic. The King was proclaimed on
May 11th, 1660, and on the 24th of that month, William
Cole, Minister, preached the sermon. George Larkham
also, the Ejected Minister of Cockermouth, under date
May 21st, says : — " Eex Carolusthe Second was proclaimed
at Cockermouth, with the great triumphing of many wicked
men." ^
" Over England, Scotland and Ireland," says Masson,
" flew the news of the King's triumphal entry into his
Capital, and everywhere with the same delirium of joy.
1. Diary, edited by William Bray, p. 265 (The " Chandos Library").
2. Autobiography, vol. xxvi, p. 120. C. S. (0. S.).
3. Lewis's Hist., p. 146.
The Restoration 3
"In Edinburgh, Dublin and all considerable towns there
were proclamations and reproclamations, with peals of
bell-ringing, bonfires and shouting mobs, public feasts
and wine running from the spouts for the general benefit,
drinkings of his Majesty's health and of Monk's, and
burnings of Oliver in effigy, by himself or with a twin
effigy of the Devil. For months and months the delirium
was to continue and even to grow; nor through the whole
reign of Charles was there ever to be an end or even much
visible abatement of that mood of popular adoration
of the monarch, with hatred to the memory of Oliver
and all his belongings, which ran through the Island
like a sudden epidemic in the first year of the Restora-
tion." 1
Barely nine years previously, after the disaster at
Worcester, Cromwell's " crowning mercy," Charles had
escaped to the continent with the utmost difficulty; and
by a strange irony of fate, the very country, which had
so often opened its gates to religious refugees from
England, offered as^'lum for some while to the exiled
Monarch. The perils of his flight and his narrow
escapes from capture appear always to have been vividly
in his memory; and, during the return voyage, he
recited some of his more striking experiences to his
sympathizers. Pepys, one of the most impressionable
of men, declares how it made him " ready to weep to
hear the stories that he told of his difficulties that he had
passed through, as his travelling four days and three
nights on foot, every step up to his knees in dirt, with
nothing but a green coat and pair of country breeches on,
and a pair of country shoes that made him so soro all over
his feet, that he could scarce stirr." ^ Yet when he came
back Charles found the country so intoxicated with joy
that he laughingly remarked that it was his own fault
that he had not come back sooner. " I find nobody," said
he, " who does not tell me he has always longed for my
return."
1. Life of John Milton, vol. vi, p. 11.
2, Diary, p. 35.
4 The Ejected of 1662
What had led to this swift and sweeping change? It
is usual to speak of it as the " E-estoration," meaning by
the term the return of the King to his father's throne;
but, roughly speaking, it may also be regarded as a
return to the old order of things, which had been
disturbed by the advent of Cromwell and the Common-
wealth. Only roughly, and indeed, very roughly so. It
is never possible for either an individual or a nation to
get quite back to a status quo ante; and it is certain
that the throne which Charles II. ascended was very
different from that which Charles I. left for the scaffold.
To speak of the Puritan Kevolution as a failure is to
indicate ignorance of the real tendencies of things : the
failure was only seeming. Cromwell, Hampden, Pym and
others of their type, had not lived in vain ; the Revolution
and Restoration were distinct stages in the political and
religious progress of the nation. The popular conception
may, however, for the moment be admitted; and the
question arises as to the cause of this sudden revulsion of
feeling, this wild enthusiasm for the Kingship and the
man, whose father had been executed eleven years
previously, and who himself had escaped with life only
after the most perilous adventures. The answer is not
single.
In the first place, Charles was the son of his father,
who in the public eye had always been much of a martyr.
The execution of the King had never been popular.
Whether in the interests of the nation it was right or
wrong, necessary or otherwise, is a question which has
always divided men ; and much may be urged on either
side. To maintain that a King, merely because he is a
King, is not to be held amenable to law in all its forms,
sanctions and penalties would surely be a most dangerous
doctrine to proclaim. In the ultimate it is the doctrine
of " the Divine Right " of Kings to " govern wrong,"
against which the 17th Century waged its supreme
conflicts. But, whatever vicM^ be taken of this purely
academic question, the execution of the King had never
caught on with the public. When his head fell in front
Cromwell's Rule 5
of Whitehall the callous executioner exclaimed : —
" Behold the head of a traitor " ; but the great crowd
groaned with horror and pity. The faults of the unhappy
Monjirch were forgotten in his tragic death; his pious
devotions impressed the awe stricken onlookers with his
religious character; he became enshrined in their thought
as a martyr for his country and his Church; and his
name was ever held in sacred memory by his followers.
The opponents of Monarchy risked much by that act; the
monner of his father's death was the son's most valuable
asset.
Then the nation was still Royalist at heart. It had
indeed been strange if it had been otherwise. Behind it
were centuries of training in this respect; long lines of
Kings and Queens ; and nations cannot cast off old habits,
and completely transform their character and life in the
space of a few months, any more than individuals. At
any rate we cannot. We are essentially a conservative
people; we move slowly. Our Revolutions are Evohitions,
frequently requiring long years to mature; and it was
because the Commonwealth with its swiftly changing
scenes, its drastic legislation, and sudden overthrow of
policies and institutions hoary with age, was in sheer
conflict with this great law, which has been operative in
all our history, that its own overthrow was so easily accom-
plished.
Further, Cromwell's rule, from its very nature, readily
exposed itself to criticism. It was a "tyranny" in the
old Greek sense of the word ; a " usurpation," as many are
still fond of calling it, violating constitutional usage and
law at almost every point; and, while people condoned
frequent breaches of Constitutionalism in their Kings,
they were not prepared to do so in the case of Cromwell,
whom they regarded as a private individual, raised by
force of circumstances to a position of absolute power in
their midst. His " tyranny " was in many respects most
beneficent ; it aimed at the repression of vice, the purifica-
tion of religion and the establishment of freedom. In his
speech to the House of Commons, on May 8th, 1657, in
6 The Ejected of 1662
which he finally declined the title of King, Cromwell
says : —
I have the best I can, resolved the whole Business in my thoughts :
and I have said so much already in testimony to the whole, I think
I shall not need to repeat what I have said. I think it is an " Act of "
Government which, in the aims of it, seeks the Settling of the nation
on a good foot, in relation to Civil Eights and Liberties, which are
the Eights of the nation. And I hope I shall never be found one of
them that go about to rob the nation of those Eights; but "always"
to serve it what I can to the attaining of them. It has also been
exceedingly well provided there for the safety and security of honest
men in that great natural and religious liberty, which is Liberty of
Conscience. These are the Great Fundamentals ; and I must bear my
testimony to them ; as I have done and shall do still, so long as God
lets me live in this world : That the intentions and the things are
very honourable and honest and the product worthy of a Parliament.'
No serious student will question that statement as an honest
description of the aims and ideals of that distinguished man.
The charges of simulation and hypocrisy, once so freely
levelled at him, are now laid aside by reputable writers.
Whatever view may be taken of Cromwell, there is no
disposition to deny that he meant well, and that his policy
made for national righteousness. Even good E-ichard
Baxter, who was no friend of the Protector, whose judg-
ments respecting his character and actions often impress
us as singularly unworthy, and who permitted himself to
indulge in language about him common in the lips of the
roystering Cavalier of the day, bears frequent testimony
to the beneficence of his rule. Referring to Cromwell's
" Triers " he says : —
Though their authority was null . . . yet to give them their due,
they did abundance of good to the Church : They saved many a
Congregation from ignorant, ungodly drunken Teachers ; that sort of
men that intended no more in the Ministry than to say a sermon as
Eeaders say their Common Prayers, and so patch up a few good words
together to talk the People asleep with on Sunday; and the rest of
the week go wilh them to the Alehouse, and harden them in sin : And
1. Cromwell's Letters, etc., by Carlyle (Chapman & Hall), vol. v, pp.
69, 70.
National Chaos 7
that sort of Ministers that either preacht against a holy life or preacht
as Men that never were acquainted with it; all those that used the
ministry but as a Common Trade to live by, and were never likely to
convert a s^oul ; all these they usually rejected , and in their stead
admitted of any that were serious preachers, and lived a godly Life of
what tollerable Opinion soever they were. So that though they were
many of them somewhat partial for the Independents, Separatist,
Fifth-Monarchy-men and Anabaptists, and against the Prelatists and
Arminians, yet so great was the benefit above the hurt, which they
brought to the Church, that many thousands of Souls blest God for
the faithful Ministers whom they let in, and grieved when the
Prelatists afterwards cast them out again.'
Nor was it alone in the domain of religion that the reform-
ing spirit of the Cromwellian regime made its presence
and power felt, it was the same in every department of
national life ; and, as might be expected, one chief result
was the deep and persistent hatred of all the forces of
vested interest, privilege, monopoly, and vice. Some
time, therefore, before his death, there were distinct signs
of considerable national unrest, and Cromwell went about
haunted with the feeling that his life was in constant
jeopardy. What would have happened if he had lived
another dozen years, or if his successor had been as strong
and capable as himself, it is not easy to say; but the
moment Richard Cromwell stepped into the vacancy,
which his father's death had created, the return of the
Monarchy was assured. The event produced chaos
everywhere. The leaderless Army, Avhich had fought
for the liberties of England, became a serious menace
to law and order. Invincible on scores of battlefields
it was rent asunder by the ambitions and intrigues of its
officers. It was not so much before, as after, Cromwell's
death that events ripened quickly in favour of Royalist
interests ; the confusion and anarchy followed, rather than
preceded it; and, sick at heart because of the uncertainty
and hopelessness of the position, the nation turned to the
King for salvation.
Everything, therefore, tends to emphasize the greatness
of the man, who for a decade had ruled the destinies of
1. Rel. Bax., p. 72.
8 The Ejected of 1662
England with a strength and justness which compelled
the respect, or fear, of men everywhere, and whose death
left open the way for Charles II. to ascend the throne.
The fall of the Commonwealth was not evidence of Crom-
well's weakness, but rather of his strength : when the
great guiding genius was gone the debacle immediately
followed.
The position to which the King was invited, and to
which he came with such lightness of heart, was no
sinecure. Had he been as strong as he was weak, as wise
as he was foolish, as serious as he was flippant, and as
energetic as he was indolent, he might well have taken
the way to it with considerable hesitancy and fear. The
stupendous tasks which awaited him called for the highest
statesmanship and the most consecrated purpose. The
religious difficulty was the main one; and the religious
difficulty is always the greatest which a State is called
upon to meet. That was the rock upon which his father
before, and his brother after him, made shipwreck.
On the 4th of April, 1660, Charles signed his famous
Declaration at Breda, which, among other things, con-
tained the following : —
And because the passion and uncharitableness of the times have
produced several opinions in religion, by which men are engaged in
parties and animosities against each other ; which, when they shall
hereafter unite in a freedom of conversation, will be composed, or
better understood ; we do declare a liberty to tender consciences ; and
that no man shall be disquieted, or called in question, for differences
of opinion in matters of religion which do not disturb the peace of the
kingdom; and that we shall be ready to consent to such an act of
parliament, as, upon mature deliberation, shall be offered to us for
the full granting that indulgence/
That passage suggests where the King's main difficulties
lay. There were many religious consciences, and some of
them were " tender " in the extreme. That few discor-
dant voices were heard among the shouts of welcome,
1. Clarendon, vol. vii, p. 506.
Roman Catholicism 9
which attended the King during his triumphal progress
from Dover to London, does not argue a nation united
religiously; on the contrary it was sharply divided. We
have the singular paradox of a people deeply devoted to
the Monarchical principle in politics, while in religion
Individualism was largely dominant. It was pre-
eminently the birth period of the Sects.
It will assist to a better understanding of the situation,
as well as prevent much confusion afterwards, if we look
briefly at the main religious divisions, and endeavour to
ascertain the ideas which the various denominational
names in use connoted. It should be noted that the
emphasis is upon the word " main " : for it is quite unne-
cessary for the purpose of this work to deal with the minor
religious Sects, many of which barely survived the Century
in which they were born ; mere sporadic movements
affecting the general volume of religious life only to a
very limited extent.
Take first the Roman Catholics, whose religious position
is well known. Representatives of the faith of pre-
Reformation times, since the days of Mary they had been
more or less under a cloud. If, as is frequently alleged,
the Stuart Kings sympathized with them it was only
secretly. Repressive legislation was aimed directly at
them ; and often, when tolerant and liberalising enact-
ments were passed, they were excluded from their benefits.
The cruel reign of the great Catholic Queen of England
had burnt itself into the memory of the nation beyond the
possibility of obliteration. It became fiercely Protestant;
and to be known as'a " papista " was quite sufficient to put
a person outside the protection of the law. Doubtless
many Roman Catholics aggravated the situation by their
various "plots," aiming in them at the re-establishment of
their religion by force; and wandering Jesuit Priests
assisted to keep alive and strengthen the popular suspicion
and alarm. Hence their lot was almost invariably one of
considerable hardship. Even Cromwell's " tolerant in-
stincts," which led him to give relief even to Jews, could
not protect Roman Catholics against a legislation which
lo The Ejected of 1662
bore heavily upon them.^ Their numbers were not large,
and in the Civil War they were generally on the Royalist
side ; hence they welcomed Charles's return in the belief
that it would be followed by easier conditions for them-
selves.
Next we have the Episcopal party. Possessors of the
disinherited Roman Catholic Church, they had in turn
been disinherited when Presbyterianism was established,
and during the Cromwellian rule. The two main principles
of Episcopacy, at least, so far as this country is concerned,
were then, as they are now, rule by Bishops and alliance
with the State. Nor was this religious body nearly so
homogeneous as the older one which it had replaced.
Within the Church was a powerful section which deplored
the abuses of the Church, sought the purification of its
life, the simplification of its ritual, and a considerable
restriction of Episcopal rule. " Puritan " was the name
given to this party, and it drew to itself the more cultured
and spiritually minded of both Clergy and laity within
the Church. It is necessary to be quite clear as to the
significance of this term : for few religious names have
been more misunderstood, and, in consequence, the
religious history of the country has often been greatly
confused. Writers have frequently identified it with
" Separatism," the name given to the Brownists, who
subsequently came to be known as " Independents " or
" Congregationalists " ; but the Puritans were not always
Separatists, though the Separatists were always Puritans.
Others again have made it synonymous with " Presby-
terian " ; but it is a very much larger and more compre-
hensive term than either. The truth is that " Puritan "
included the reform party in the Episcopal Church, the
Presbyterians, the Independents, and, with the exception
of Roman Catholics, the general body of Nonconformists.
The Episcopal party, both Puritan and other, were
Royalists almost to a man : they furnished the Cavaliers
1. Gardiner's History of the Commonweallh and Protectorate, vol. iv,
p. 18.
Episcopalianism 1 1
of the war, and they never ceased to endeavour after the
King's return. They were firm in the conviction that his
restoration would be rich in results for themselves ; in par-
ticular, that it would mean the reinstatement of their
Church in its former position of power; and in this their
faith was not ill founded. With Charles II. Episcopacy
came back. The House of Lords, abolished in 1649,
resumed its place in the Constitution; the Bishops, who
had fallen from power with the abolition of Episcopacy in
1646,^ returned to their seats of authority; and the Clergy
who had been sequestered during the " usurpation,"
reappeared in considerable numbers to demand restitution
of their former rights. The State Papers have a very
significant story to tell in this respect. Clergy and laity
alike clamoured for recognition and reward, because of
something done or suffered, either by themselves or by
some relative.
Reference has already been made to the Independents,
who were particularly rich in names. In the early days
of Elizabeth they were " Brownists," followers, that is,
of Eobert Browne, a Clergyman, who from the simple
study of the Sacred Scriptures, was led to the main
Congregational positions; " Barrowists," a little later,
from Henry Barrowe, who with John Penry and John
Greenwood, was executed for his principles in the early
summer of 1593 ; " »Separatists," about the same time
and later, because they held the twin doctrines of
separation from a corrupt Church and separation from a
worldly State ; and people of the " Congregational way,"
because they maintained the competence of each Congre-
gation of Christians to rule itself in all spiritual things.
The Independent or Congregational position is clearly
and fully stated in the Savoy Declaration of October 12th,
1. The Journal of the House of Commons under date November 24,
1646, says : — " Whereas amongst other Things in the late Ordinance of 9
Octobris, 1646, for the abolishing of Archbishops and Bishops within
the Kingdom of England, and Dominion of Wales, and for settling of
their Lands and Possessions upon Trustees for the use of the Common-
wealth," etc. (Vol. iv, p. 728.)
12 The Ejected of 1662
1658, which may well be called the " Charter of Congre-
gationalism." It is a truly remarkable document,
especially for the age in which it was produced, and
represents with almost perfect accuracy the Congrega-
tional position of to day. The work of some two
hundred delegates, the majority being laymen, represent-
ing a hundred and twenty Churches, it took only eleven
days to complete, " part of which also was spent by
some of us in prayer, others in consulting, and in the end
all agreeing." ^ Among those present were Thomas Jollie
of Altham, subsequently Wymondhouses, Lancashire;
and George Larkham of Cockermouth. Jollie " preacht
before them [the Assembly] with acceptance and found
much of God's presence in the meeting and of His grace
in the management of matters from first to last." ^
George Larkham, of whom " the Church did make
choice to go there as their Messenger," began his journey
Sept. the 20th, 1658.3
The Declaration was not issued as a creed for the
binding of others; it was, as its name indicates,
simply declaratory of the things most surely believed
by those, who were of the Congregational way.
" Such a transaction," write the authors in their Preface,
" is to be looked upon but as a meet or fit medium or
means whereby to express that their ' common faith and
salvation ' ; and in no way to be made use of as an
imposition upon any. Whatever is of force or constraint
in matters of this nature, causeth them to degenerate
from the name and nature of Confessions ; and turns them,
from being Confessions of Faith, into exactions and
impositions of faith." * The following paragraphs deal
with the question of polity: —
To each of these churches thus gathered according unto his mind
declared in his Word He hath given all that power and authority
which is any way needful for their carrying on that order in worship
and discipline which he hath instituted for them to observe, with
1. Hanbury, vol. iii, p. 522.
2. Jolly's Note Book. C.S. (N.S.), vol. xxxiii, p. 129.
3. MS. Min. Bk., Cock. Ch.
4. Hanbury, vol. iii, p. 517.
Independency i 3
commands and rules for the due and right exerting and executing of
that power.
These particular churches thus appointed by the authority of
Christ, and intrusted with Power from Him for the ends before
expressed, are each of them as unto those ends the seat of that power
which he is pleased to communicate to his saints or subjects in this
world, so that as such they receive it immediately from Himself.
As all churches and all the members of them, are bound to pray
continually for the good, or prosperity, of all the churches of Christ
in all places, and upon all occasions to further it, — every one, within
the bounds of their places and callings, in the exercise of their gifts
and graces, — so the churches themselves, when planted by the provi-
dence of God so as they may have opportunity and advantage for it,
ought to hold communion amongst themselves for their peace, increase
of love and mutual edification.
In cases of difficulties or differences, either in point of doctrine or
in administrations, wherein either the churches in general are con-
cerned or any one church, in their (or her) peace, union and edificaticm ;
or any member or members of any church are injured in or by any
proceeding in censures not agreeable to truth and order ; it is
according to the mind of Christ that many churches holding com-
munion together do by their messengers meet in a synod or council, to
consider and give their advice in or about that matter in difference, to
be reported to all the churches concerned ; howbeit, these synods so
assembled are not intrusted with any church-power properly so called,
or with any jurisdiction over the churches themselves, to exercise any
censures either over any churches or persons, or to impose their
determinations on the churches or officers.
Besides these occasional synods or councils, there are not instituted
by Christ any stated synods in a fixed combination of churches or their
officers, in lesser or greater assemblies ; nor are there any synods
appointed by Christ in a way of subordination to one another.'
One thin^ is made clear by those passages, viz., that,
while the authors of the Savoy Declaration never wavered
in their insistence uipon the perfectly autonomous
character of each Church, they saw nothing inconsistent
therein with the principle of association for mutual
counsel, advice and help. The rigid Independency,
therefore, of later years, which was entirely self-centred,
and from which modem Congregationalism is emancipating
itself, was a serious departure from the Independency of
1. Hanbury, vol. iii, pp. 545, 548.
14 The Ejected of 1662
tlie Commonwealtli. It is surely a little significant in
this direction that the preference of the men of those days
was for the term " Congregational " rather than
" Independent." The Savoy Declaration was " A
Declaration of the Eaith and Order owned and practised
in the Congregational Churches in England." ^
Some further reason for this preference may be found
in the fact that the term " Independent " was used less
precisely than the other. " Historically," says Dr. Dale,
" the two terms have been used interchangeably. For the
last two hundred years most ' Independents ' have been
Congregationalists — or, at least, the Churches describing
themselves as ' Independent ' Churches have preserved the
traditions of the Congregational polity. But under the
Commonwealth and the Protectorate many Congrega-
tionalists objected to be described as Independents; and
there were many Independents who were not Congrega-
tionalists. In a word the ' Independents,' sometimes
called ' political Independents,' were agreed on the one
point that every separate congregation should be free from
all external ecclesiastical control, and that the power of
the civil magistrate should be altogether withdrawn
from the province of religion or should be subjected to
limitations that would leave ' tolerated ' congregations a
very large freedom ; the ' Congregationalists ' were not
only agreed in asserting the independence of every
separate congregation but held a very definite theory on
the manner in which every separate congregation
claiming to be a Christian Church ought to be organised." 2
Dr. Dale is correct as to the fact of difference, but he is a
little too dogmatic in his analysis of the difference. The
truth is that, like some other religious names, " Inde-
pendent " was used with considerable laxity ; and within
it were included many Congregationalists, not a few
Anabaptists, and others of the minor Sects.
It will, of course, be quite obvious that the Independent
or Congregational position was entirely at variance with
1. Hanbury vol. iii, p. 517.
'2. Hist. Eng. Cong., pp. 375, 376.
Presby terianism 1 5
any form of Episcopacy; and, though considerable differ-
ences obtained among the men who followed this " way,"
both in reference to doctrine and polity, the relation of
the Church to the State, and the Monarchy, generally
they were averse to the King's return. Cromwell, who
himself belonged to the Independents, found in them
his chief strength and support. His famous Ironsides
were drawn largely from that source; and, after Dunbar
and Worcester, he and the Independents became supreme.
It is unnecessary to deal with the Anabaptists; and
the other minor Sects may be dismissed ; while an account
of the Quaker movement is reserved for the succeeding
Chapter.
One further name, Presbyterian, calls for attention ;
and it has been reserved for the end because it deserves
much fuller treatment than has been devoted to the others.
It will help us considerably if we can get an accurate idea
of the real intent and content of the name. Unfortu-
nately, however, even Presbyterian writers themselves are
much less explicit in relation to the matter than ought to
be the case. Dr. Drysdale gives the following as " the
three leading features" of Presbyterianism : —
1. The parity of preaching Pastors or Presbyters, who are all the
presiding Bishops of the Church, with no higher order over them by
divine right. Bishops and Presbyters it holds to be of the same
order ; and no one can preside over them by any other tenure than as
Primus inter pares, or first among equals. In this body or Council of
Presbyter-bishops is lodged by apostolic institution the right and
power to obtain other Presbyter-bishops.
2- Church Government and administration to be in the hands of a
body, or council, or senate of elders and office-bearers. We never
read but of bishops or elders, and deacons in every Church (the
bishops or elders always in the plural as well as the deacons) ; election
to office being in the hands of the people, but Cliurch rule for
doctrinal, disciplinary, and financial purposes, being in the hands of
the respective classes of office bearers.
3. Organic Union, or the right, duty, and privilege of different
Churches or bodies of the faithful to associate together in organic
union, so as to cultivate and manifest an esprit de corps or interest in
the separate Churches' well being at large and secure the benefits of
the union that is strength.*
1. Drysdale, pp. 6, 7.
1 6 The Ejected of 1662
The case is not put very clearly, because there is little
in the passage which is really distinctive of Presbyte-
rianism. At any rate, Congregationalism, which is sup-
posed to be its opposite, could use the language as
descriptive of itself with very slight modification. Dr.
Drysdale is a little more explicit when he adds : —
Organic Union is to be retained by means of a Synod or Common
Council of the Elders. It is in brotherly Council, not in autocratic
jurisdiction, Presbyterianism finds the key of both liberty and order
in the Church. Presbyterianism proceeds not on any monarchical
principle as in Diocesan Episcopacy, nor on any merely associative or
co-ordinative principle as in Congregationalism, but on the representa-
tive or subordinative principle embodying itself in Presbyteries,
Classes and Synods, Assemblies, or vyhatever else such gatherings for
counsel or appeal may be called.'
The central principle of the system, the principle, at
least, which most clearly distinguishes it from Congrega-
tionalism, is really suggested in the last few words of that
passage. The individual Christian Society is more or less
subject to pressure from this outside authority represented
by Presbytery, Synod and Assembly, to which " appeal "
may be made. Mr. Black greatly depreciates this prin-
ciple. " The rule of the eldership or Presbyterate over
the congregation," he declares to be of the essence of
Presbyterianism, but " the organisation of Presbyteries
and Synods " is not.^ The same tendency appears in the
latest writer on this subject. " Presbyterianism," says
Mr. Macphail, " might so far as the word goes mean the
rule of one Presbyter, but it is of the essence of the
system that the rule is always exercised by a Presbytery
or Council of Elders." ^ This, of course, is the Congre-
gational Presbytery, Mr. Black's " Presbyterate," which
he declares to be of the "essence of Presbyterianism."
Mr. Macphail, however, gives among "the distinctive
1. Drysdale, p. 7.
2. "Presbyterianism in England in the 18th and 19th Centuries," by the
Rev. John Black, pp. 13, 14 ; vide " An English Ulster," by the Rev. A.
Mearns, p. 3.
3. Macphail, p. 128.
Presbyterianism 1 7
features of Presbyterianism" "the Organic Unity of the
Church," in relation to which he says : —
A country is divided into so many districts, in each of which all
the congregations, the strong and the weak, are bound together under
the common administration of the District Presbytery, once known as
the Classis, but now generally called simpliciter " The Presbytery,"
which is composed of the minister and one or more Elders, elected by
the Session of each congregation within the bounds. An appeal lies
from all decisions of a Session to the Presbytery. The ministers are
elected by their respective congregations, but they hold office by
authority of the Presbytery, and are accountable to the Presbytery
alone for the discharge of their duties. Similarly the Presbyteries
are grouped together to form Synods. In some cases, e g., in the
Presbyterian Church of England, the Synod embraces all the Pres-
byteries and is the Supreme Court of the Church, being generally
composed of all the ministers and a representative Elder from each
congregation throughout the Church. Where there are more Synods
than one, as in the Scottish Churches, they combine to form the
General Assembly, which in most cases consists of the ministers and
representative Elders of a certain proportion — a half or a third or a
fourth — of the congregations in each Presbytery in rotation.^
It is difficult to avoid the feeling that it is trifling with
the subject to thus emphasize this " essence " of the " Pres-
byterian idea," and belittle the elaborate machinery of
Presbytery, Synod and Assembly, through which alone
this exterior "authority" is exercised. The "essence" of
the " Congregational idea " is autonomousness ; each con-
gregation of believers is self contained. Within the
range of that idea there is abundant scope for diversity in
relation to methods of work, machinery of government,
ordination of Ministers, the amount of authority to be
delegated to officers, etc. The "essence" of the "Presby-
terian idea," that which presbytrates it, is rule by Presby-
tery, not as represented merely by the local Church
Session, but by the Presbytery of a district, by Synod,
Classis, and Assembly. It is this which really differen-
tiates it from Congregationalism. " The two moot points
on which Presbyterian and Independent had been at war
since 1644," says Dr. Shaw, "were ordination of the pastor
1. Macphail, pp. 130, 131.
C
iB The Ejected of 1662
and the exercise of exterior authority over a single
congregation."^ Doubtless in relation to ordination
differences existed, but they were not the things which
really divided the two bodies : for, as already intimated,
among Congregationalists themselves opinions have always
varied considerably as to the value of ordination, its
obligation and mode. The root difference is the second of
Dr. Shaw's "moot points," the freedom within itself, of
each congregation. At any rate it was no denuded
Presbyterian idea that was thrust upon the country in the
17th Century, but Presbyterianism in its fully organized
form. There is no thought in all this of comparing these
two forms of religious life with a view to showing the
superiority of the one over the other. That is not the
purpose of this work : the aim throughout is to get at the
real state of things. Across the Tweed, Prebyterianism
has taken deep root and grown into a rich and stately tree.
Since the days of John Knox, who may be regarded as its
founder in Scotland, it has been the prevailing form of
religious life there; and the more than three centuries of
achievement which stand to its credit make one of the
most fascinating chapters of religious history. England,
however, has never seemed to provide it with a congenial
soil. That is meant as no reflection upon it; it is merely
the statement of a fact which continually presents itself
to the student of Comparative E,eligion.
Introduced into this country in the days of Elizabeth
by men like Cartwright, who had borrowed it from the
continent, Presbyterianism made no serious impression
upon the nation's thought and life, and secured no per-
manent foothold. " The Presbyterianism of the days of
Elizabeth," says Dr. Shaw, "was an academic movement
principally, never in a national sense a clerical movement.
It was apparently confined to three counties and London,
and to a small portion of the ministers even of these
counties. It never asserted itself in actual organization
and fell away before the close of Elizabeth's reign. There
are no traces of any inheritance of the ideas or influence
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 170.
Presbyterianism 1 9
of ttis Elizabethan Presbyterianism by tbe English.
Puritans of the days of James I. and Charles I." ^
The testimony of Dr. Roland Gr, Usher is to the same
effect : —
The movement is chiefly distinguishable from later Presbyterianism
in that it was a movement inside the Church to stay in it, or at most
to modify its government. The later movement was an attempt to
supplant the Established Church by a systematic Presbyterian govern-
ment. There was, moreover, no connection between the two move-
ments ; there was even no continuity reaching from one to the other,
from the Presbyterians of Elizabeth to the Presbyterians of the Civil
War. . . . The movement had been one for Presbyteriajiism, but its
actual result was Congregationalism. 2
The Presbyterianism of that period was quite nebulous ;
it provides abundant opportunity for the historian to
indulge his imagination in relation to the " Presbyterian
idea " and the " Presbyterian essence " ; and the collapse
of the movement, sudden and complete as it was, shows
how little it had succeeded in rooting itself in the country.
When James I. ascended the throne, seeing that he had
been reared in Presbyterianism, it was naturally ex-
pected that he would considerably favour that form of
faith; but those who cherished such expectations were
-doomed to speedy disappointment. Whatever else he
brought with him across the Tweed, he left his Presby-
terianism behind. In his own blunt fashion he quite
early made known his opinion in relation to this matter.
"A Scottish Presbytery," said he, " agreeth as well with
monarchy as God with the devil." On the 25th of
September, 1643, the Solemn League and Covenant was
agreed to; and in June, 1646, Parliament passed an
ordinance by which Presbyterianism became the estab-
lished religion of the country in place of the Episcopacy
which it thus swept away.
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. i, pp. 5, 6.
2. " The Presbyterian Movement in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth as
illustrated by the Minute Book of the Dedham Classis, 1582-1589," by
Roland G. Usher, Ph.D. (Harvard), Intro., pp. xxiv, xxv.
20 The Ejected of 1662
Two facts require attention here. "English presbytery,"
says Dr. M'Crie, " wlien in tlie ascendant, may be said
to have sprung out of the bosom of the church of England.
It was no exotic plant, but indigenous to English soil. It
came neither from Geneva, nor Frankfort, nor Scotland,
but from her own clergy, many of whom had long held it
in theory, and who, as soon as the arm of arbitrary power
was withdrawn, grew of their own accord into presby-
terians. What is more, English presbytery had a
character of its own, and it may be said to have left its
peculiar stamp on the religion of Scotland." ^ Precisely
the opposite to what is there stated is the fact.
Presbyterianism as thus established was an " exotic " ; it
was not even the free choice of the nation, or of Parlia-
ment as representing the nation. In its struggle with
the King, Parliament found itself compelled to look to
Scotland for assistance ; the Solemn League and
Covenant was the price it had to pay for that assistance ;
and the long drawn out negotiations, which preceded the
acceptance of the Covenant, witness to the reluctance with
which it was accepted. It is morally certain that had
there been no Scotch Army in the Civil War there would
have been no established Presbyterianism in England
during the Commonwealth. Says Dr. Shaw : —
Ha5 the success of the Parliament been immediate a<nd decisive, as
was at one time expected, the Church question would have been
treated in a purely national sense, probably on the lines sketched out
in the debates on the Root-and-Branch Bill. There may have been —
there doubtless would have been — some concession to clerical feeling, but
there would not have been, as there subsequently was, a formation of
presbyteries, parochial and classical, possessing censorial powers, and
proceeding by legal methods. There would have been none of the
Scotch element of jurisdiction in the English Church of the years,
1643-51. As it was, no sooner had it become apparent that the war
could not be finished at a stroke, than the necessity of securing
Scotland for the Parliamentary cause was at once seen. The only
possible condition was the adoption of the Covenant — of a uniformity
of Church government — so much was known from the first ; the
question then became one of time, or of the immediate fortune of the
1. Annals, p. 183.
Presbyterianism 2 1
war. Fortune declared against Parliament, and the Covenant was
accepted. It may be that a slight portion of the Commons had no
dislike for a pure Presbyterian System — it is certain that a Presby-
terian party had sprung up amongst the clergy^ — it may also be that
the course of the ecclesiastical debates of the year, 1641, had
educated the majority of the Commons, or had habituated them to the
conceptions and terminology of a primitive Presbyterian system in the
abstract, but none the less the final adoption of the Covenant was,
under the circumstances, of the nature of a capitulation.'
Robert Baillie, one of the eight ^ Scottish Commis-
sioners sent to the Assembly of Divines, at Westminster,
whose first meeting was on July 1st, 1643, in his
illuminating letters tells a most interesting story of the
long and protracted negotiations, the wearisome discus-
sions, the hopes and fears which alternated in the breasts
of the Scotch contingent, and more than once naively
states that the pressure of the Scotch Army was needed to
speed progress. " Mr. Henderson's hopes," says he, " are
not great of their conformitie to us, before our armie be
in England." 3 "The weakness of our army . . . and its
delay to march southward, he continues, . . . "have
made us [the Scotch in London] almost contemptible, and
this contempt hath occasioned jealousie and provocations,
which may (if not provided for) prove dangerous."* He
hopes " it may please God to advance our armie, which
we expect will much assist our arguments." ^ The case
is not too strongly put by Dr. Brown when he says : —
" When the first regiments of the Scottish Army crossed
the Tweed, on January 19th, 1644, they may be said to
have brought Presbyterianism with them." ^ The
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. i, pp. 141, 142.
2. The Scottish Commissioners were five Ministers : Alexander Hen-
derson, Robert Douglas, Samuel Rutherford, Robert Baillie and George
Gillespie ; and three laymen : John, Earl of Cassilis, John, Lord
Maitland, and Sir Archibald Johnston of Warriston.
3. Baillie, vol. ii, p. 104.
4 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 26?.
5. Ibid., vol. ii, p. 111.
6. Commonwealth England, p. 92 : vide also "The English Puritans,"
by the same author, recently published by "The Cambridge University
Press."
22 The Ejected of 1662
correctness of the position here assumed is abundantly
demonstrated by the early debates on the Root and Branch
Bill. Dr. Shaw is generous in his estimate of the growing
influence of Presbyterianism during, and as the result of,
those debates. The sentiment of the House of Commons,
as of the country, was Episcopalian rather than Presby-
terian ; and it was a modified Episcopacy for which
successive speakers pleaded.
The other fact is consequential, viz., that Presby-
terianism as thus established never became popular and
was the national religion only in name. It has already
been intimated that the Westminster Assembly and
the House of Commons consumed nearly three years
before the ordinance for the establishment of Presby-
terianism, in 1646, could be agreed upon and issued;
and it took nearly three years longer to complete
the " Directory for Public Worship," the " Form of
Presbyterial Church Government and Ordination of
Ministers," with other matters inherent in the system.
"On Thursday, February 22, 1648-9," says Dr. Dale,
" three weeks after the death of the King, the Assembly
met for the last time as an Assembly, and held its one
thousand one hundred and sixty third session. It had
sat for five years and six months."^ And those prolonged
sittings were due to heated controversies, to hopeless
divergencies of opinion, and to the difficulty of securing
decisions which Parliament would accept. Three further
Parliamentary ordinances also in support of this new
religious system were found to be almost immediately
necessary. In April, 1647, it was reported to the House
of Commons that there were " divers obstructions in the
business of Church government," and that " in most places
neither election of elders nor division of classes had taken
place." 2 The House promptly resolved upon certain
remedies. In response to a further appeal for help the
House adopted on January 27, 1647-'8, " an ordinance for
the speedy and more effectual settling the Presbyterial
1. Hist. Eng. Cong., p. 303.
2. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 14.
Presbyterianism 23
government, and removing and remedying some obstruc-
tions therein." ^ Again, on the 29th of August following,
was passed " the Form of Church government to be used in
the Churches of England and Ireland," " a comprehensive
ordinance, the last of which was issued by the Parliament
on the subject of the establishment of the Presbyterian
system." 2 Yet though sent forthwith these high sanctions
the area in which the Presbyterian system succeeded in
planting itself was not considerable. Dr. Shaw names
the following as Counties where " a purely classical
organization" existed : — Cheshire, Derbyshire, Devonshire,
Durham, Essex, Hampshire, Lancashire, Lincolnshire,
London, Northumberland, Shropshire, Somerset, Suffolk,
Surrey, Sussex, Warwickshire, Wiltshire, and Yorkshire.
The Minutes of a few only of these Classical Associations
are extant, and in the absence of such documents
evidence for their existence is very slender. It is
quite certain that Dr. Shaw's estimate is exceedingly
liberal, and the way in which he arrives at his results is
far from satisfactory. " Whenever a body is found
performing the work of ordination in the years 1647-53,"
says he, " it was a properly constituted classis, composed
of elders freely elected into a parish eldership and freely
delegated from such elderships to a classis." 3 Surely
that is extremely arbitrary and anything but a safe
principle to follow. Unless we are to assume that only
ordinations of a Presbyterian type were possible during
those years, the fact of a body ordaining only proves
that it ordained. If by ordaining body is meant a Classis
then it needs to be remembered that the word was used
with considerable laxity. But it was not at all necessary
to have an organized body to ordain : the Ministers of a
neighbourhood were quite competent for such work. On
January 28, 1651-2, before the era of Voluntary Associa-
tions, George Larkham was ordained at Cockermouth " by
the imposion of the hands of three ordained presbyters
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 16.
2. Ibid., p. 19-
3. Ibid., p. 28.
24 The Ejected of 1662
then present (called by the church to that worke for feare
of offending the godly brethren of ye Presbyteriall way) ." i
The ordainers were Thomas Larkham of Tavistock, Devon,
the Pastor's father; George Benson of Bridekirk; and
Gawin Eaglesfield of Plumbland. The ordination was
specially arranged with a view to the scruples of brethren
of the " Presbyteriall " way, yet the Ministers were not all
Presbyterian, they were not even neighbours : and there
is no suggestion of a Classical organization for Cumber-
land, whose Voluntary Association arose very shortly after
this date. In later years, also, the years of Jollie,
Frankland, Heywood and others, in the ordinations of
which we read the organized bodies conducting them were
only individual Ministers called together for the purpose.
It is certain, therefore, that not a few of the names in
the list above given should be deleted ; while in other
cases only a few Classes existed. The truth is that
outside London and Lancashire with a few eastern and
southern Counties, Presbyterianism made no real impres-
sion upon the country; and, even where it succeeded in
planting itself, its hold was very precarious. This is
made clear by the study of its career in Lancashire, one
of the very first Counties to adopt the Classical system,
and where the system reached its most finished form.
Nowhere was Presbyterianism more aggressive, nowhere
did it assume larger powers, yet a creeping paralysis
appears to have been upon it from the very first. For-
tunately the Minutes of the Bury arid Manchester Classes
have been preserved and printed ;2 and they vividly illus-
trate the point at issue. The course of each Classis was
an exceedingly troubled one. Its authority was con-
tinually defied by Ministers and laymen alike, and its
decisions were ignored by contumacious Churches. Here,
in Lancashire, where the Classical system was strongest,
its inherent weakness and unpopularity are plainly written
across all its proceedings. It no sooner began to be than
it began to decay. Dr. Shaw says : —
1. MS. Min. Bk. Cock. Ch.
2. C. S. (N. S.), vols. 36 and 41 for the former ; and vols. 20, 22 and 24
for the latter.
Presby terianism 2 5
The few classical records that are in existence tell an unvarying tale
of classical impotence. Within the limits of the accepted or estab-
lished presbyteries, the erection of the government was by no means
uniform ; and though it still might remain the nominal Church system
of the country, the coercive power was gone. It was not so much that
the wooden sword of excommunication had fallen from the nerveless
hands of the parish presbytery. On that point the clerical spirit
fought to its last gasp, and, where the Sacrament could not be
administered with such safeguards as they chose to erect, they pre-
ferred rather to cease the celebration of the Communion altogether.
It was much more to the point that the compulsive, coercive or
directive power of the classes over the parochial presbytery was at an
end from the moment of the triumph of the army.l
This represents the condition of things to about
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 100. To this may be appended the
following : —
"England's Deliverance from the Northern Presbytery, compared with
its Deliverance from the Roman Papacy : or a Thanksgiving Sermon,
Preached on Nov. 5, 1651, at St. Margaret's, Westminster, Before the
Supreme Authority of this nation.
The High Court of Parliament By Peter Sterry, once Fellow of
Emmanual CoUedge in Cambridge Now Preacher to the Right Honble
the Councel of State, sitting at Whitehall, London.
Printed by Peter Cole, and are to be sold at the Signe of the Printing
Presse neer the Royal Exchange 1652.
Text Jer. Chap. 16. 14, 15.
But then let us say againe with a louder Noise of praises, that may
drown the former voice [of praise for deliverance from Romish Papacy]
The Lord liveth, who hath brought us up out of the Scotch Tyranny,
and Scotch-Presbytery, which came like a Tempest from the North. . .
In many mercies as especially that of saving us from this Bloody Designe
of the Egyptian Papacy, thou hast done Gratiously, and Wonderfully ;
but this last Mercy, by which thou hast saved us from the Black plots
and Bloody power of the northern presbytery hath Excell'd them all."
P. 7. (Copy in the John Rylands Library.)
It is to be hoped that preachers of Peter Sterry's type were not
nimierous, for it is impossible to commend either his language or spirit ;
and this sermon might have been left unnoticed had it not been for
the occasion on which it was delivered. That such a sermon was
possible before such an Assembly is a fact which lets in a flood of
light upon the state of feeling at the time. It surely shows how
exceedingly unpopular in the country the Scottish alliance, with Pres-
bytery as its annexe, had become.
26 The Ejected of 1662
1650/ when Cromwell's victory at Dunbar, followed by-
Worcester the succeeding year, gave him and his Army a
freer hand. The Commonwealth never either " declara-
tively or legislatively annulled presbytery or established
Independency in its place " ;^ for there was, at least, no
need that it should do the former, because there was little
or nothing to annul. Nominally Presbyterianism lived the
length of the Long Parliament, but as an organized religious
force in the country it had ceased to exist long before 1660.
When therefore the King came back to the throne the
transition to Episcopacy was quite easy : Presbyterianism
was no longer a serious competitor. This view of the
matter is supported by one or two further considerations.
In the first place no attempt was ever made afterwards
to resurrect the Presbyterian system. Not even did
Presbyterian Lancashire, or London, seek to rebuild the
structure upon whose erection so much labour had been
expended. It is difficult to explain this omission if
Presbyterianism had the place in the religious life of the
country up to, and after the Restoration, claimed for it by
some writers. Apology for this is usually sought in the
state of the law as represented by the Toleration Act. It
is maintained that this was inimical to the Presbyterian
system. " There was little or nothing indeed in the new
regulations respecting religious liberty," says Dr. Drys-
dale, " that expressly prevented a full Presbyterial organi-
zation; but the whole spirit of the arrangements was
hostile to the rise and development of such a display of
Dissenting incorporation. The law did not expressly
forbid the constitution of Presbyteries and Synods with
juridical functions ; but as it did not expressly allow them.
1. Throughout this work the terms " Commonwealth " and " Crom-
wellian regime " are applied to this period, from about 1646 to 1660, in
its entirety, though the one fact of which the student is conscious is a
dividing line about 1650 when Presbyterianism fell from power and
Independency became ascendant. Were this a history of the religious
life of this period it would be necessary to note this division and insist
upon it ; but in the present work any attempt to preserve it would lead
to endless confusion.
2. Hist. Eng. Ch. vol. ii, p. 98.
Presbyterianism 27
they were ipso facto not in accordance with the scope and
aims of the measure." ^ It is not easy to take a conten-
tion of that kind seriously; and yet it is repeated in
substance by the latest author of Presbyterian History.
" The Act of Toleration," says Mr. Macphail, " did less
for Presbyterians than for other Nonconformists, because
it did not remove the interdict on meetings of Presbytery
and Synod. It secured only freedom of worship for con-
gregations." 2 This type of statement is not complimen-
tary to the men whom the writers are really wishful to
honour. Practically it charges those old Nonconformists
with having grown quite indifferent to one of the root
principles of Presbyterianism; or, on the other hand, it
makes them distinctly unheroic. For they give no indica-
tion of chafing under the pressure of any " interdict " ;
they indulge in no complaints about religious disabilities ;
and they make no attempt to take the law into their own
hands, set up their system and accept the risk. Yet they
were men of strong make ; many of them were " outed "
in 1662 ; and in obedience to what they believed to be the
voice of sacred duty endured the utmost privation.
Surely the truer explanation of their conduct is to be
found in Dr. M'Crie's admission : " It is too plain that,
for some years before the Revolution they had ceased to
act as presbyterians. The regular meetings of presby-
teries, the due subordination of church courts, and their
authority as representative courts of appeal and review,
had been virtually given up." ^
To the same conclusion are we led when we trace the
evolution of those old Dissenting interests, which are said
to have had their origin in the Commonwealth Presbyte-
rianism, and which, it is contended, lived, though in
greatly mutilated form, after the Restoration ; especially
if we take a district free from influences likely to inter-
rupt its natural course. Take Lancashire, again, for
example, which, because of its pronounced Presbyte-
1. Drysdale, p. 428.
2. Macphail, p. 261.
3. Annals, p. 306.
28 The Ejected of 1662
rianism in Commonwealth, times, might naturally be
expected to tell against rather than for the position here
assumed. What, however, is the fact? Four only of
these old Dissenting interests — Tunley, Risley, Dundee
and Wharton — at the present time belong to the Presby-
terian body; and these have been acquired by that body
comparatively recently. The rest have become either
Unitarian or Congregational. Not one of these old foun-
dations has in normal fashion found its way back into
that ecclesiastical system whence so many of them are
said to have sprung. The fact is not easily explained on
the assumption of a Presbyterian origin for them.
Similar evidence may be deduced from the Indulgence
Licenses of 1672. It is perfectly clear that the term
" Presbyterian " was used with considerable laxity, almost
interchangeably with the term " Congregational " ; at any
rate, that it no longer indicated a distinct and compact
religious body, as it did in Commonwealth times. It is
no uncommon thing to find the same Minister described
in the Licenses as a " Presbyterian " and a " Congrega-
tionalist," the same building bearing the two names, and
a "Presbyterian " Minister taking a License to officiate in
a " Congregational " building, and vice versa.^ Cuthbert
Harrison, " Presbyterian," for example, secures a License
for Elswick Lees, " Congregational" ; James [should be
Michael] Briscoe, "Congregational," licenses a Meeting
House in Toxteth Park, which is both "Presbyterian" and
"Congregational" ; and George Larkham the "Congrega-
tional" Minister of Cockermouth, licenses a house at
Bridekirk as "Presbyterian," etc.
Equally interesting evidence is furnished by the ordina-
tion services of post Restoration times. Ministers of both
types being found sharing in them. Thomas Jollie, the
Congregationalist, Oliver Heywood, and Richard Frank-
land, Presbyterians, frequently joined in ordaining a man
who might be a Congregationalist or a Presbyterian. It
is true that sometimes they scrupled certain points ; but it
1. Vide Cal. S. P., Dom. for 1672-3, p. xlii.
Richard Baxter 29
is also true that at least the term "Presbyterian" had lost
the rigid significance in the matter of ordination that it
formerly had.
What then was the situation at the time of the Restora-
tion in reference to the men who had borne the Presbyte-
rian name, and who had contributed very largely towards
the King's return? How did they stand in relation to
the prevailing religious Sects of the time? If Presby-
terianism, in any real sense of the word, in any sense of
the word in which it is used to day, or was used during the
period of its ascendency in this country, had ceased to be
among its religious organizations, how are those men to
be classified? It is at once frankly admitted that it is
not easy to define their position precisely, because, in a
way, they had none. Torn from their old moorings by
the force of events, they were as yet without proper
anchorage. They were in process of evolution, drifting
in two quite opposite directions ; on the one hand, towards
Episcopacy, and on the other, towards Independency or
Congregationalism. The one tendency explains why so
many of the so called Presbyterian Ministers conformed
in 1662. They had no great objection to Episcopacy as
such, nor even to the use of the Prayer Book. They were
already, and had been all along more than half Episco-
palian at heart; hence it cost them little to alter their
name, retain their livings, and' accept the new order of
things. The repressive legislation of later times, however,
sent others, and these a very considerable number, to
greater distances from Episcopacy. These were the
Nonconformists of 1662, whose ideas crystallised and
hardened in the direction of Congregationalism.
Perhaps no man more distinctly illustrates these latter
tendencies than Richard Baxter, one of the greatest
figures of the 17th Century, and whose influence can
scarcely be over estimated. It has already been intimated
that he had no great affection for Cromwell, and that many
of his judgments of him impress us as singularly un-
generous and harsh. With Philip Nye and John Owen,
leading Congregational Ministers of the time, he had
30 The Ejected of 1662
frequent and lively controversies ; and, though brought
up in the Episcopal Church, himself Episcopally ordained,
having distinct sympathy with a modified form of Epis-
copacy, and going even to the length of preparing a
reformed Liturgy, yet he was one of the first to sufEer
Ejection through the Uniformity Act of 1662. He has,
of course, been claimed as a Presbyterian, though he him-
self has been careful to repudiate the name. Writing of
the time when he was a Chaplain in Cromwell's army he
says : —
Col. Whalley, though Cromwell's Kinsman and Commander of the
Trusted Regiment, grew odious among the Sectarian Commanders at
the Headquarters for my sake; and he was called a Presbyterian,
though neither he nor I were of that Judgmeait in severall Points.*
It is noteworthy also that when he took out his License to
preach on October 2Tth, 1672, he entered himself, not as
a Presbyterian, but as " a Nonconforming Minister." 2
Nor did he during the Presbyterian regime ever attempt
to set up the Presbyterian system. This was not for lack
of opportunity or power : for it has been well said that
"Richard Baxter in his best days, was a stronger power
with the religious people of England than either the West-
minster Assembly or the Parliamentary leaders." ^ Yet
in his own County of Worcestershire, where he exercised
a lengthened and powerful ministry, the Classical system
was never adopted. In its place, in 1653, appeared the
Worcestershire Agreement for the "Associated Ministers
of the County of Worcester and some adjacent parts";
mainly, if not exclusively, his handiwork. The Associa-
tion was perfectly voluntary and the following interesting
account of its character and aims deserves notice : —
The Worcestershire Agreement was based on the rectoral rights of
the parish clergyman. It was the clergyman's business' to rule his
parish as well as to teach it. He might order his parish on the
Presbyterian model or on the Congregational or on the old system of
churchwardens, which Baxter himself preferred ; but this was at the
1. Rel. Bax., p. 55.
2. Cal. S. P., Dom. for 1672/3, p. 88 ' '
3. Eng. U. Hist., p. 65.
Richard Baxter 31
rector's choice, he being the person responsible for these things.
The county clergy, Episcopalian, it might be, in theory, Presbyterian,
Congregational, even Baptist if they would, were to meet together.
There were to be no lay assessors; the clergy mutually bound by a
doctrinal profession, which, so far as it went was of strict orthodoxy,
were to meet for religious exercises and mutual advice, without
jurisdiction one over another.'
The same writer thus describes the spread of the
Baxterian Association : —
Cheshire never had anything to do with the Parliamentary
Presbyterianism. Immediately on the publication of the terms of
the Worcestershire Agreement (1653), Cheshire followed Baxter
(October, 1653) under the leadership of Adam Martindale. So did
Cumberland and Westmoreland, on the other side of Lancashire.
Northumberland went with the Parliament, as did Derbyshire on the
off side of Cheshire. All over England, we find contiguous counties
religiously organised, here on the Parliamentary there on the Baxter
model. And it was the Baxter model which gained ground. Norfolk,
Essex and Devonshire, for example, began with the Parliamentary
system, and after trying it, came over to Baxter. The South of
Ireland, which had resisted Presbyterianism, fell into hne with the
Baxterian principle of Associatio«n in 1655.2
E-ichard Baxter, therefore, is not easily classified.
There were things, he informs us, both among the
Episcopalians, the Presbyterians, the Independents, and
even the Anabaptists, that he liked, and things which
he did not like. He was a great Comprehensionist,
labouring all his lifetime to heal the divisions of the
Church and bring its various branches into effective
union ; compelled to be a Nonconformist in relation to the
Established Church of the nation, and beyond that it is
scarcely possible to predicate anything definite about him.
The foregoing is not intended to suggest that Presby-
terianism had become identical in all points with
Congregationalism. To do that would be to close the eye
to some of the most obvious facts of history. The way
in which the name persisted indicates that it stood for
€ertain divergencies from the recognized Congregationalism
1. Eng. U. Hist., p. 65.
2 Ibid., p. 66.
32 The Ejected of 1662
of the time. It is, however, contended that these
divergencies were not sufficient to justify the use of the
name ; that the Presbyterian idea had so far emptied itself
of its contents as to represent neither the Presbyterianism
of Commonwealth days nor the Presbyterianism of modern
history; and that the two sections of the one common
Nonconformity were being rapidly fused. The " Happy
Union," as it came to be called, consummated in the
early part of 1691, according to which the so called
Presbyterians and Congregationalists were to lay aside,
among other things, their respective names, and be known
henceforth as " The United Brethren," was the expression
of tendencies which had long been operating. True the
Union had only a brief existence, especially in London,
where it was born; but it split not on the rock of polity
but on that of doctrine. The name "Presbyterian" still
lingered, and in every respect it is to be regretted that it
did so.^ Had it passed with the Long Parliament, which,
so far as this country is concerned, gave it position and
powe'r, much historic confusion, and not a little religious
controversy would have been avoided. It is, however,
easy to see why it did persist. It represented a form of
Church life that had claimed to be the religion of the
nation, and that for a time had actually been established
by law, the religion that replaced Episcopacy and which
in turn was replaced by Episcopacy. Everything therefore
tended to make it bulk in the national imagination and
thought; consequently the habit was to think and speak
of Nonconformists, especially those of " a spiritual serious
way of worship," ^ as " Presbyterians." The County of
Lancashire again furnishes a very striking illustration of
this. The Bradshaigh MS., which gives a vivid picture
1. It ought to be stated also that the name has been used, and still is,
in reference to those old Dissenting foundations at present in the hands
of the Unitarians, though the tendency is for that body to drop it.
The only justification for its use by them is the claim that they have
lineally descended from those Nonconformists who originated them.
In point of doctrine and polity they are quite remote from them.
2. Eel. Bax., p. 278.
Summary 33
of, Nonconformity in Lancashire during the repressive
legislation following upon tlie Restoration, is concerned
largely with the suppression of " Conventicles " and the
search for " Conventiclers." " Presbyterian " is the term
frequently applied to both, though in the list of
" Conventiclers " appear pronounced Congregationalists
like Thomas Jollie and Michael Briscoe. In Presbyterian
Lancashire the name would, of course, die hard.
To sum up : — All the evidence goes to show that at no
period of its history was Presbyterianism ever a great
religious force in this country; that during the years of
its so called ascendency (1646-1650) the area of its
influence was very restricted; that it ceased to count as a
serious religious organization after the rupture with the
Scotch Army and the triumph of Cromwell; and, in
particular, that it is a distinct historic inaccuracy to label
with the term "Presbyterian" the ^Nonconformists of post
Restoration times. That is said with the full conscious-
ness of the fact that not a few of these men persisted
in calling themselves by the name for many years ; it had,
however, come to be so completely a misnomer that writers
would be wise, they would greatly contribute to historic
clearness and accuracy, if they would restrict the name
to the period to which it really belongs, and in reference
to these men after the Restoration employ the more
general one of " Nonconformist." The application of this
to the old Nonconformist foundations in the area with
which we are mainly concerned will be considered later;
and it is only necessary to add that the last thing the
serious student of history will attempt is to maintain that
modern Presbyterianism is in historic continuity with
the Presbyterianism of the Commonwealth. It is an
"exotic," a comparatively recent 'importation, like its
17th Century predecessor, again from across the Tweed,
but happily with far greater promise of permanency and
success.
This, then, was the state of the country religiously when
Charles II. ascended the throne. The people were divided
to bitterness, and the problems awaiting him in conse-
D
34 The Ejected of 1662
quence were such as called for the highest wisdom and the
most skilful statesmanship. Nor were events long in
moving. The Convention, so called because summoned
without Royal writ, when it invited Charles back to the
throne decreed that "according to the ancient and funda-
mental laws of this kingdom the government is and ought
to be by Xings, Lords and Commons." Petitions began to
pour in from the Sequestered Clergy, and, in September,
1660, the Convention Parliament passed an Act for the
" restoration of ejected ministers to their livings and for
the confirmation of the present holders of livings in cases
where the rightful incumbent was dead." ^ It is of first
importance to remember this, because frequently it is
assumed that it was not until the passing of the Uniform-
ity Act of 1662, that the ministerial Ejections took place.
In point of fact the displacement began probably with the
Restoration, certainly with the September Act just named,
and continued even after the 1662 Ejectment Act. Neal
informs us that "every sequester'd Minister who has not
justified the late King's Murder, or declared against Infant
Baptism, shall be restored to his Living before the 25th
of DeceTuher [1660] next ensuing, and the present Incum-
bent shall peaceably quit it, and be accountable for Dilapi-
dations, and all Arrears of Fifths not paid." ^ The result
of this Act, he informs us, was that "some hundreds of
Nonconformist Ministers were dispossessed of their Livings
before the Act of Uniformity was formed. -Here was no
Distinction between good or bad; but if the Parson had
been Episcopally Ordained, and in Possession, he must be
restored, tho' he had been ejected upon the strongest
Evidence of Immorality or Scandal." 3 Dr. Stoughton
states that on the 26th of May, 1660, three days before the
King's arrival in London, "Prynne made a report touching
the quiet possession of ministers, schoolmasters, and other
ecclesiastical persons in sequestered livings, until they
1. The Cambridge Modern History, vol. v, p. 96.
2. Hist. Pur., vol. iv, p. 303.
3. Ibid.
The Uniformity Act 35
should be legally convicted; and two days afterwards
allusion is made in a further report from the same member
to several riots which had ' been committed, and forcible
entries made upon the possessions of divers persons,
ecclesiastical and temporal." "' ^
The Savoy Conference convened by the King on April
15th, 1661, in fulfilment of his promise to the Puritan
party, was ostensibly for the purpose of readjusting
religious differences that there might be peace in the
realm.; but it was doomed to failure beforehand. The
Independents had no representatives in it, the Presbyte-
rian or Puritan party had as their leader Richard Baxter,
who expected great things from it. The Prelatical party,
however, conceded nothing of any moment, and the Con-
ference ended on July 24th, 1661, having accomplished
nothing beyond the still further embitterment of the
respective parties. In the meantime the Convention Par-
liament had been dissolved and a new one summoned in
May, 1661, so violently Poyalist in its sympathies that it
came to be known as the "Cavalier Parliament." It lost
no time in indicating its spirit and policy. Little more
than two months after assembling, Parliament passed a
Bill for restoring the Prelates to the House of Lords, and
before the year was out the Corporation Act had been
placed upon the Statute Book. This Act "required that
all members of Corporations should, besides taking the
Oath of Supremacy, swear that it is not lawful, under any
pretence, to bear arms against the King, and that the
Solemn League and Covenant was illegal. It also
declared every one ineligible for a municipal office,
who had not, within one year, received the Lord's Supper,
according to the rites of the Church of England." 2 On
the 19th of May, 1662, the Uniformity Act received the
Royal assent. It is an exceedingly lengthy document 3
and Neal's summary will be sufficient. This is as follows :
1. Religion in England, vol. iii, p. 89.
2. Ihid., p. 196.
3. Printed in full in Bayne's "English Puritanism," pp. 386 — 404.
36 The Ejected of 1662
An Act for the Uniformity of publick Prayers, and Administration
of Sacraments, and other Rites and Ceremonies, and for establishing
the Forms of making, ordaining, and consecrating Bishops, Priests
and Deacons in the Church of England.
The Preamble sets forth, That from the first of Queen Elizabeth
there had been one uniform Order of Common Service and Prayer
enjoined to be used by Act of Parliament, which had been very
comfortable to all good People, till a great Number of People in
divers Parts of the Realm, living without Knowledge and the due
Fear of God, did wilfully and schismatically, refuse to come to
their Parish Churches, upon Sundays, and other Days appointed to
be kept as Holy Days. And whereas, by the scandalous Neglect of
Ministers in using the Liturgy during the unhappy Troubles, many
People have been led into Factions and Schisms, to the Decay of
religion and the Hazard of many Souls; therefore, for preventing the
like for Time to come, the King had granted a Commission, to review
the Book of Common-Prayer, to those Bishops and Divines who met
at the Savoy ; and afterwards his Majesty required the Clergy in
Convocation to revise it again ; which Alterations and Amendments
having been approved by his Majesty, and both Houses of Parliament ;
therefore for settling the Peace of the Nation, for the Honour of
Religion, and to the Intent that every Person may know the Rule
to which he is to conform in publick Worship it is enacted by the
King's most excellent Majesty, &c.
That all and singular Ministers shall be bound to say and use the
Morning Prayer, Evening Prayer, and all other Common- Prayers
in such Order and Form as is mentioned in the Book ; and that every
Parson, Vicar, or other Minister whatsoever, shall before the Feast
of St. Bartholomew which shall be in the Year of our Lord 1662,
openly and publickly, before the Congregation assembled for Religious
Worship, declare his unfeigned Assent and Consent to the Use of all
Things contained and prescribed in the said book, in these Words, and
no other. I A.B. do here declare my unfeigned Assent and Consent
to all and every Thing contained and prescribed in and by the Book,
entitled, the Book of Common-Prayer, and Administration of
Sacraments, and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church, according
to the Use of the Church of England, together with the Psalter, or
Psalms of David, pointed as they are to be sung or said in Churches;
and the Form and Manner of making, ordaining, and consecrating of
Bishops, Priests and Deacons. The Penalty for neglecting or refusing
to make this Declaration, is Deprivation i'pso facto of all his spiritual
PromotioJis.
And it is further enacted, that every Dean, Canon, Prebendary ; all
Masters, Heads, Fellows, Chaplains, and Tutors in any College, Hall,
House of Learning, or Hospital ; all publick Professors, Readers in
The Uniformity Act 2>7
either University, and in every College and elsewhere; and all
Parsons, Vicars, Curates, Lecturers ; and every School-Master keeping
any publick or private School ; and every Person instructing Youth in
any private Family, shall before the Feast of St. Bartholomew 1662,
subscribe to the following Declaration (viz.) I A.B. do declare, that
it is not lawful upoai any Pretence whatsoever, to take Arms against
the King ; and that I do abhor that traitorous Position of taking Arms
by his Authority, against his Person, or against those that are
comfnissioned by him ; and that I will conform to the Liturgy of the
Church of England, as it is by Law established. And I do hold,
that there lies no Obligation upon me, or on any other Person, from
the Oath commonly called the Solemn League and Covenant, to
endeavour any Change or Alteration of Government either in Church
or State; and that the same was in itself an unlawful Oath, and
imposed upon the Subjects of this Realm against the known laws
and Liberties of this Kingdom.
This Declaration is to be subscribed by the Persons above-
mentioned before the Archbishop, Bishop, or Ordinary of the Diocese,
on Pain of Deprivation, for those who were possessed of Livings;
and for School-Masters and Tutors three Months Imprisonment for
the first Offence ; and for every other Offence three Months Imprison-
ment, and the Forfeiture of five Pounds to his Majesty. Provided
that after the 25th of March, 1682, the Renouncing of the Solemn
League and Covenant shall be omitted.
It is further enacted, that no Person shall be capable of any
Benefice, or presume to consecrate and administer the holy Sacrament
of the Lord's Supper, before he be ordained a Priest by Episcopal
Ordination, on pain of forfeiting for every offence one hundred
Pounds. No Form, or Order of Common-Prayer shall be used in any
Church, Chapel, or other Place of publick Worship, or in either of
the Universities, than is here prescribed and appointed. None shall
be received as Lecturers, or be permitted to preach, or read any
Sermon or Lecture in any Church or Chapel, unless he be approved
and licensed by the Archbishop or Bishop, and shall read the Thirty
Nine Articles of Religion, with a Declaration of his unfeigned Assent
and Consent to the same ; And unless the first Time he preaches any
Lecture or Sermon he shall openly read the Common-Prayer, and
declare his Assent to it ; and shall oh the first Lecture-Day of every
Month afterwards before Lectiwe, or Sermon read the Common-
Prayer and Service, under pain of being disabled to preach; and if
he preach while so disabled, to suffer three Months' Imprisonment for
every Offence. The several Laws and Statutes formerly made for
Uniformity of Prayer &c. shall be in force for confirming the present
Book of Common-Prayer, and shall be applied for punishing all
Offences contrary to the said Laws, with relation to the said Book,
38 The Ejected of 1662
and no other. A true printed Copy of the said Book is to be
provided in every Parish Church, Chapel, College and Hall, at the
Cost and Charge of the Parishioners, or Society, before the Feast of
St. Bartholomew, on pain of forfeiting three Pounds a Month, for so
long as they shall be unprovided of it.^
Obviously this Act did not err on tlie side of generosity;
and it Avas not meant that it should. The spirit of those
who were responsible for it will be evident from what
Dr. Sheldon, the Bishop of London, subsequently Arch-
bishojD of Canterbury, said. Referring to the Uniformity
Act, Dr. Allen remarked: — " 'Tis pity the Door is so
strait": Sheldon replied : — "' 'Tis no pity at all; if we
had thought st) many of them would have conformed we
would have made it straiter." 2 This harsh and vindictive
temper reveals itself also in the shortness of the time
limit fixed between the passing of an Act of such a
momentous character and the date Avhen it was to come
into operation. " The Book of Common Prayer with the
new corrections was that to which they were to subscribe,"
says Bishop Burnet, "but the corrections were so long a
preparing, and the vast number of copies, above two
thousand, that were to be wrought off for all the parish
churches of England, made the impression go on so
slowly, that there were few books set out to sale when
the d"ay came. So, many that were affected to the
church, but that made conscience of subscribing to a book
that they had not seen, left their benefices on that very
account. Some made a journey to London on purpose to
see it. With so much precipitation was that matter
driven on, that it seemed expected that the clergy should
subscribe implicitly to a book they had never seen. This
was done by too many, as I was informed by some of the
bishops." ^ jSTeal adds that there was " not one Divine
in ten that lived at any considerable Distance from
London that did peruse it within that Time." "* Additional
1. Hist. Pur., vol. iv, pp. 359-362.
2. Ibid., p. 366.
3. History of his own Times, p. 126 (William Smith).
4. Hist. Pur., vol. iv, p. 363.
►
The Conventicle Act 39
hardship was caused, and designedly so, in ordaining that
the Act was to come into force on St. Bartholomew's Day.
This day was fixed upon, says Bishop Burnet, that " if
they were then deprived, they should lose the profits of
the whole year, since the tithes are commonly due at
Michaelmas." ^
The prime author of this Act was Edward Hyde, Earl
of Clarendon. "A strong man," passionately devoted to
his Church, enthused with the Laudian spirit, he scrupled
not at the harshest proceedings necessary in his judgment
to strengthen the position of the Church, of which he was
such a zealous friend and champion; and it will be well
at this point to indicate briefly two other measures, his
handiwork also, the appropriate sequel to his Uniformity
Act. The one was the Conventicle Act of 1664. It
declared : —
The 35th of Queen Elizabeth to be in full force, which condemns
all Persons refusing peremptorily to come to Church, after Conviction,
to Banishment, and in case of Return, to Death, without Benefit of
Clergy. It enacts furthei% " That if any Person above the age of
sixteen, after the first of July, 1664, shall be present at any Meetirfg,
under Colour or Pretence of any Exercise of Religion, in other
manner than is allowed by the Liturgy or Practice of the Church of
England, where shall be five or more Persons than the Household,
shall for the first Offence suffer three Months Imprisonment, upon
Record made upon Oath under the Hand and Seal of a Justice of
Peace ; or pay a Sum not exceeding five Pounds ; for the second
Offence six Months Imprisonment, or ten Pounds ; and for the third
Offence the Offender to be banished to some of the American Plantations
for seven Years, or pay one hundred Pounds, excepting New England
and Virginia ; and in case they return, or make their Escape, such
Persons are to be adjudged Felons, and suffer Death without Benefit
of Clergy. Sheriffs, or Justices of Peace, or others commissioned by
them, are empowered to dissolve, dissipate, and break up all unlawful
Conventicles, and to take into Custody such of their Number as
they think fit. They who suffer such Conventicles in their Houses
or Barns are liable to the same Forfeitures as other Offenders. The
Prosecution is to be within three Months. Married women taken at
Conventicles are to be imprisoned twelve Months, unless their
Husbands pay forty Shillings for their Redemption. This Act to
1. History of his own Times, p. 126.
40 The Ejected of 1662
continue in force for three Years after the next Session of Parlia-
ment. '
The other was the Five Mile Act of 1665, which ordained
that : —
Nonconformist Ministers shall not after the 24th of March, 1665,
unless in passing the Road, come, or be within five Miles of any City,
Town Corporate, or Borough that sends Burgesses to Parliament; or
within five Miles of any Parish, Town or Place wherein they have
since the Act of Oblivion been Parson, Vicar or Lecturer &c. or when
they have preached in any Conventicle on any Pretence whatsoever,
before they have taken and subscribed the abovesaid Oath ^ before
the Justices of Peace at their Quarter Sessions for the County,
in open Court; upon Forfeiture for every such Offence of the Sum
of Forty Pounds, one third to the King, another third to the Poor,
and a third to him that shall sue for it- And it is further enacted.
That such as shall refuse the Oath aforesaid shall be incapable of
teaching any publick or private Schools, or of taking any Boarders or
Tablers to be taught or instructed, under pain of Forty Pounds, to
be distributed as -above. Any two Justices of Peace, upon Oath made
before them of any Offence committed against this Act, are empowered
to commit the Offender to Prison for Six Months, without Bail or
Mainprize.'
This series of Acts, whose * animus towards everything
bearing the semblance of Nonconformity is so marked, is
generally referred to as the " Clarendon Code."
Returning to the Uniformity Act, as might be expected,
considerable numbers, in various parts of the country,
accepted the new condition of things and so retained their
livings. Baxter names three sets of Conformists : —
(1) Some of the old Ministers, called Presbyterians formerly, who
had been in possession before the King came in.
(2) Those called Latitudinarians, mostly Cambridge men, Platonists
or Cartesians, many of them Arminians, with some additions.
1. Hist. Pur., vol. iv, p. 394.
2. I, A. B. do swear, that it is not lawful upon any Pretence whatso-
ever, to take Arms against the King : and that 1 do abhor that
traiterous Position of taking Arms by his Authority, against his Person,
or against those that are commissioned by him, in pursuance of such
Commissions : and that I will not at any Time endeavour any Alteration
of Government either in Church or State. (Hist. Pur., vol. iv, p. 400.)
3. Hist. Pur., vol. iv, pp. 400, 401.
Nonconformists 4 1
(3) Those that were heartily Conformists throughout, zealous for
the Diocesan Party and the Cause.'
A great number, however, refused to conform, and con-
sequently were silenced or ejected; and these were among
the most cultured, hard working, devout and saintly
Ministers in the Church. Baxter classes them under the
four following heads : —
(1) Some few (of my acquaintance) who were for the old Con-
formity, for Bishops, Prayer Book, Ceremonies, the Old Subscripticm
and against the imposing and taking of the Covenant (which they
never took) and the Parliament's wars. They were however unable
to subscribe their " assent and coaisent to all things now imposed."
(2) A greater number of no Sect or Party, but abhorring the very
Name of Parties ; who like Ignatius's Episcopacy but not the English
Diocesan Frame : and like what is good in Episcopals, Presbyterians
or Independents ; but reject somewhat as evil in them all : being of
the Judgment which I have described myself to be in the beginning
of this Book : that can endure a Liturgy, and like not the Imposition
of the Covenant ; but cannot Assent and Consent to all things required
in the Act, nor absolve three Kingdoms from all Obligation by their
Vows to endeavour in their Places the Alteration of the English
Diocesan Form of Government.
(3) The Presbyterians, the soberest and most judicious, unanimous,
peaceable, faithful, able, constant Ministers in the Lord, or that I
have heard or read of in the Christian World.
(4) The Independents, for the most part a serious godly People,
some of them moderate, going with Mr. Norton and the New England
Synod and little differing from the moderate Presbyterians, and as
well ordered as any Party that I know ; but others more raw and self-
conceited and addicted to Separations and Divisions, their Zeal being
greater than their Knowledge who have opened the door to Anabaptists
first and then to all the other Sects. 2
Baxter himself was one of the very first to refuse
Conformity, being at the time without " place but only
that I preached twice a Week by Request in other Men's
Congregations (at Milkstreet and Blackfriars)."^ He
preached his last sermon in this capacity on May 25th,
1660, just six days after the Royal signature was appended
1. Eel. Bax., pp. 386, 387.
2. Ihid., p. 387.
3. Ihid., p. 384.
42 The Ejected of 1662
to the measure. His reason for acting thus early is given
in the following terms : —
I would let all Ministers in England understand in time, whether
I intended to Conform or not : For had I stayed to the last day some
would have Conformed the sooner, upon a Supposition that I intended
it.'
Others, however, in London and elsewhere, preached
Farewell Sermons, and took leave of their congregations
in most affecting circumstances the Sunday immediately
preceding St. Bartholomew's Day. " Such a passionate
Zeal for the Welfare of their People ran through their
Sermons," says Neal, "as dissolved their Audiences into
Tears." 2
The number of men thus silenced and ejected is usually
given as two thousand. It will at once be suspected that
this is only a general term, and the information necessary
to preciseness in the matter is never likely to be forth-
coming. All investigation, however, goes to show that
the figure is none too high. Writes Principal Gordon : —
Calamy's own volmnes record the names of 2465, including after-
conformists. Palmer has added others. Neither Calamy nor Palmer
is exhaustive. In every county where the list has been tested by
modern research, it has been extended. Thus, in Cheshire, Calamy
and Palmer give fifty-two names : Urwick produces authority for
sixty-two. For Norfolk and Suffolk, Calamy and Palmer supply one
hundred and eighty-two names : Browne, while removing two (one
ejected in another county), adds fourteen, on the authority of
ecclesiastical registers. On the whole, Oliver Hey wood may be right
in estimating those permanently disabled by the Act of Uniformity at
2500 : while Baxter is probably justified in saying that about 1800
of them entered on active work in the Nonconformist ministry.'
Mr. Bate in his recent work says : —
As regards the numbers ejected, after some months' work upon the
question, we would offer the following statistics, at the same time
giving warning that though they may be more accurate than any
offered hitherto, much remains to be done before reliable statistics
can be obtained.
Ejected in England and Wales between May, 1660, and St.
Bartholomew, 1662, — 450. Ejected in England and Wales at St.
1. Eel. Bax., p. 384.
2. Hist. Pur., vol. iv, p. 369.
3. Eng. U. Hist., p. 80.
Calamy's Figures 43
Bartholomew — 1,800. These figures do not include schoolmasters, or
clergy who were merely silenced.'
When we come to examine the area with which we
are specially concerned, it will be found to present
peculiarities quite its own; to show that while Calamy's
list is in no way inflated, its testimony in reference to the
number of men displaced is less marked in that direction
than in the cases just cited.
The lot of these "on ted" men was one of great hardship
and suffering. Baxter, who was not given to exaggeration
in these matters, says : —
Hundreds of able Ministers, with their Wives and Children, had
neither House nor Bread : For their former Maintenance served them
but for the time, and few of them laid up anything for the future :
For many of them had not past 30 or iOl per Annum apiece, and
most but about 60 or 80^ per Annum, and very few above 1001, and
few had any considerable Estates of their own. The Peoples Poverty
was so great, that they were not able much to relieve their INIinisters.
The Jealousie of the State, and the Malice of their Enemies were so
great, that People that were willing durst not be known to give to
their ejected Pastors, least it should be said that they maintained
Schism, or were making Collections for some Plot or Insurrection.*
Calamy, upon very reliable authority, tells many touch-
ing stories of the straits to which these men were reduced,
and contemporary records support the Historian in his
"Account."^ Neal contends that their hardships were
1. The Declaration of Indulgence, 1672. Appendix II. I confess to
some surprise that Mr. Bate should venture these figures after only
"some months' work upon the question." They may be quite correct,^
but from the very nature of the case they cannot be more than a guess.
After some years' work upon only a fraction of the area covered by
Calamy, I have come to the conclusion that a really scientific examina-
tion of his work means stupendous labour. Superficial defects may more
easily be removed, and, perhaps, even that is worth doing ; but a
thorough testing of Calamy's figures and revision of his work is almost
beyond pos-sibility for any one man. One fact alone will make this
clear. That work cannot be properly done without an examination of
the Registers of each Parish ; and " who is sufficient for these things ?"
2. Rel. Bax., p. 385.
3. Vide Adam Martindale's Diary, Henry Newcome's Autobiography
and Diary, Diary of Roger Lowe, Thomas Jollie's Note Book, George
Larkham's Cockermouth Ch. Bk. and Oliver Haywood's Diaries.
44 The Ejected of 1662
greater far tlian tliose which overtook the Roman Catholics
in Queen Elizabeth's Protestant Reformation, or the
Loyalists in the time of the Civil War. The latter state-
ment, in particular, has been frequently contravened, and
still is. It has often been asserted that the whole period
from 1646 to 1660, during which Presbyterianism and the
Commonwealth were in the ascendency, was a tyranny of
the worst type, and especially a religious tyranny.
Walker, whose book was intended as a counterblast to
Calamy's, by his exaggerations has helped to strengthen
that idea. ^ Doubtless there were cases of real hardship
and suffering among the Sequestered Clergy, "Toleration
1. " If it were worth while," says Dr. Brown, " to test Walker's
statements through all the counties of England and Wales, it would
probably be found that his 8,000 would shrink to about 1,800, and that
many of the stories he was told, and honestly believed, would turn out
to be myths." (Commonwealth England, p. 74.) To this may be added
the testimony of Richard Baxter, no friend to Cromwell and his rule :
" I must needs say, that in all the Countreys where I was acquainted,
six to one at least (if not many more) that were Sequestred by the
Committee, were by the Oaths of Witnesses proved insufficient, or
scandalous, or both ; especially guilty of Drunkenness or Swearing ; and
those that being able, godly Preachers were cast out for the War alone,
as for their Opinions Sake, were comparatively very few. This I know
will displease that Party; but this is true." (Rel. Bax., p. 74.)
Dr. Brown's criticism of Walker is here cited not because in the matter
of its numbers it commends itself to my judgment. I have not tested
Walker's statements " through all the counties of England and Wales,"
and, therefore, am not competent to pronounce in relation to the whole
question ; but, so far as Cumberland and Westmorland are concerned,
the evidence tells strongly in the other direction. As tiie reader
proceeds he will meet with name after name which finds no place in
Walker's list, and yet the Sequestration is beyond all doubt- Walker
may have somewhat inflated his list, the tendency in these matters is to
do so; but it is only right to say that the evidence for this is not
furnished in our area. It is the second part of Dr. Brown's criticism,
in which he is in agreement with Baxter, upon which the accent should
be put. Walker's pages are full of the idle gossip of the time ; and
many of the pictures of suffering which he sketches were largely
imaginative, though doubtless honestly believed by their author; while
the character of a very large proportion of the Sequestered was entirely
inconsistent with the duties of their sacred calling.
Sequestration 45
was a new idea,"^ says Professor Gwatkin, and, because
new, must have been very imperfectly developed. In the
bour of their ascendency, the Presbyterians called the civil
power to their assistance to coerce the consciences of others
to such an extent that Milton in his scathing lines on
" new Forcers of Consciences," said " new Presbyter is but
Old Priest writ large." Even Cromwell, probably the
most liberal minded and tolerant man of his day, by his
"proclamation of November 25th, 1655, forbade seques-
tered or ejected ministers to keep any school either public
or private, or either publicly or privately (except in their
own family), preach or use the Book of Common Prayer.
But Cromwell seems to have meant this rather in terrorem
than for serious use." ^ That this was so is made clear by
the case of Robert Rickerby, who, after being sequestered
from Cockermouth, served as Schoolmaster at Crosthwaite,
and actually received Augmentation grants as such.^
It has already been intimated that the charges brought
against the Clergy thus sequestered more than justified
their removal. They were charges of neglect or
" delinquency," the Incumbents in some cases having
gone to the King's quarters and deserted their cures ; of
" scandalousness," the holders of not a few of the livings
being openly dissolute and immoral, as well as ignorant
and incompetent; and of "malignancy," the Incumbents
being violent opponents of the ruling authority, and using
their positions to preach rebellion. Apart from all this,
however, two or three things emerge clearly out of the
chaos of that period, which place in striking contrast the
conduct of the men who were responsible for these Seques-
trations, when set sfde by side with that of those who
framed and enforced the Uniformity Act of 1662. A
careful examination of the three MSS. in the British
1. The Cambridge Modern History, vol. v, p. 326.
2. Ibid., p. 328.
3. Vide pp. 658, 683.
46 The Ejected of 1662
Museum covering the years 1644—7/ also of the Bodleian
MSS. and other documents, furnishes the following facts,
all of which receive illustration in the area with which
we are concerned : —
1. Pluralism, one of the crying scandals of the time,
was vigorously assailed by the Committee of Plundered
Ministers, the aim being to secure a more effective ministry
and care of the various parishes. ^ Dr. Shaw seems to
suggest that this was one of many " excuses " of which
the Committee eagerly availed themselves, for the
purpose of sequestering the Hoyalist Clergy;^ but such
was not the case. The men in question were summoned
before the Committee to elect which living they would
keep and which relinquish ; and it was not because they
were Poyalist Clergy that they were ordered to make
this choice. It was the principle of Pluralism that was
assailed, the root of much neglect and spiritual destitution,
and the Royalist not less than the Parliamentarian
was frequently left undisturbed in his single living.
Dr. Shaw's treatment of this question of Sequestration
is the least satisfactory part of his valuable work. He is
too much in bondage to the traditional view, the view
which is the product of ecclesiastical bias, the view of
Walker and his School. He assumes that the regnant
power was bound to retaliate, to satisfy the clamours of
its supporters and sycophants ; but the evidence for this is
not forthcoming. It has already been stated that cases
of real hardship doubtless occurred. That would be in-
evitable because of the disturbed condition of the times,
and because local feeling counted for so much; but
everything goes to show that responsible authorities
sought to deal justly, often indeed generously, with men
1. Additional MSS., Nos. 15669—15671.
2. This was in accordance with the Act " against the enjoying of
pluralities of benefices by Spiritual persons and non-residence," which
was passed Jan. 16, 1642-3.
3. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 188.
I
Pluralism 47
who were even known not to be in sympathy with them.
Where a Clergyman used his position to preach sedition,
his " malignancy " not infrequently cost him his living ;
and it is difficult to see how it could have been otherwise.
He had simply become a political partisan ; and, assuming
that the preservation of the Commonwealth was their
care, it was scarcely to be expected that ruling authorities
would actually place men in positions of vantage, which
they would employ with a view to their own subversion.
The chief religious aim of the Commonwealth regime was
to establish a godly, " painefull," and efficient ministry,
decently supported, throughout the country. In doing
this, it singled out Pluralism for special attack ; and there
was need, for the system largely prevailed and its evils
were most serious. No better evidence of the viciousness
of Pluralism can be furnished than the entries in Bishop
Nicolson's A^isitation Book and Diaries.^ The picture
which he sketches of the condition of the Clergy, and the
Churches in the Carlisle Diocese at the beginning of the
18th Century, mainly as the result of this system, is
unspeakably sad. That it is not overdrawn we may be
quite certain ; but there was scarcely a place of which he
could speak in terms of unrestricted praise. He tells us
that the Church buildings were ill kept ; the " quires
nasty," to use his own strong and expressive language;
and the Incumbents disorderly in their conduct and
doubtful in their character. It was this sort of thing
which led to such widespread Sequestration in Common-
wealth days.
2. Where Sequestration was threatened full warning
was given and the convenience of the Sequestered was in
every way considered. The marvellous patience of the
Committee with Bernard Robinson of Torpenhow, whose
Royalist proclivities were most pronounced, and whose
" malignancy " against the Government was so marked,
is quite an outstanding fact in the story of that place. 2
1. Miscel. ; also Diaries — Trans. (N.S.), vols, i — v. Vide also Dr.
Brown's "English Puritans," p. 68.
2. Vide p. 574.
48 The Ejected of 1662
3. On August ITtli, 1643, Parliament ordained that a
Fifth of a Sequestered living should be given to the wife
of the Sequestered Minister for the maintenance of
herself and children. This ordinance is much depreciated
by certain writers, but the MSS. in question make it
perfectly plain that the Plundered Ministers' Committee
were most anxious that it should be anything but a dead
letter. The case of William Cole of Kirkby Lonsdale is
particularly interesting from that point of view. He had
taken the place of Greorge Buchanan, and being charged
with neglecting or refusing to pay the usual Fifths to
the Sequestered Yicar's wife, though he was their own
nominee, the Committee gave definite instructions that
unless the Fifths with all arrears were paid within a
given time, the living should be sequestered from him.
It was much the same with Simon Atkinson of Lazonby,
and Richard Hutton of Caldbeck.^ It was human for
those men to object to such big slices being taken out of
their incomes; but the one thing upon which the Com-
mittee appear to have made up their mind, in carrying out
their Sequestration orders, was that needless suffering
should not be inflicted ; that, at any rate, the wives and
children should be protected as far as possible. It is
impossible, as we read these things, not to feel that the
conduct of the Commonwealth Sequestrators stands in
pleasant contrast to that of Clarendon, Sheldon and others,
who framed and administered the Uniformity Act of
1662.
Clarendon fell from power in 1667, and fled to France
for safety, where he passed the rest of his life; but the
repressive legislation, of which he had largely been the
author, continued in force ; and, in 1670, the Conventicle
Act was renewed and made more stringent, the penalties
imposed upon Nonconformists being considerably heavier
than those of the previous Act.
On the 15th of March, 1671-2, Charles issued his
famous Declaration of Indulgence, which suspended the
1. Vide pp. 319, 549.
Indulgence Declaration 49
operation of all the penal enactments just enumerated,
and gave Nonconformists permission to have their own
religious worship in places licensed for the purpose. As
this document is of supreme importance it is here printed
in extenso : —
Charles Rex.
Our Care and Endeavours for the Preservation of the Rights and
Interests of the Church, have been sufficiently manifested to the
World, by the whole Course of our Government since our happy
Restoration, and by the majiy and frequent Ways of Coercion that
we have used for reducing all erring or dissenting Persons, and for
composing the unhappy Differences in Matters of Religion, which we
found among -our Subjects upon our Return ; but it being evident by
the sad Experience of twelve Years, that tl: ere is very little Fruit of
all these forcible Courses, We think our self obliged to make use
of that supream Power in Ecclesiastical Matters which is not only
inherent in us, but hath been declared and recognized to be so, by
several Statutes and Acts of Parliament; and therefore we do now
accordingly issue this our Declaration, as well for the quieting of our
good Subjects in these Points, as for inviting Strangers in this
Conjuncture to come and live under us ; and for the better Encourage-
ment of all to a chearful following of their Trades and Callings, from
whence we hope, by the Blessing of God, to have many good and
happy Advantages to our Government ; as also for preventing for the
Future the Danger that might otherwise arise from private Meetings
and seditious Conventicles. And in the first Place, we declare our
express Resolution, Meaning and Intention to be that the Church of
England be preserved, and remain entire in its Doctrine, Discipline
and Government as mow it stands established by Law; and that
this be taken to be, as it is, the Basis, Rule, and Standard of the
general and publick Worship of God, and that the Orthodox conform-
able Clergy do receive and enjoy the Revenues belonging thereunto,
and that no Person, tho' of a different Opinion and Persuasion, shall
be exempt from paying his Tithes, or other Dues whatsoever. And
further we declare, that no person shall be capable of holding any
Benefice, Living, or Ecclesiastical Dignity or Preferment, of any kind
in this our Kingdom of England, who is not exactly conformable.
We do in the next place declare our Will and Pleasure to be, that
the Execution of all, and all manner of Penal Laws in Matters
Ecclesiastical, against whatsoever Sort of Non-Conformists or
Recusants, be immediately suspended, and they are hereby suspended ;
and all Judges, Judges of Assize and Gaol Delivery, Sheriffs, Justices
of Peare, Mayors, Bailiffs, and other Officers whatsoever, whether
E
50 The Ejected of 1662
Ecclesiastical or Civil, are to take Notice of it, and pay due Obedience
thereunto.
And that there may be no Pretence for any of our Subjects to
continue their illegal Meetings and Conventicles, we do declare, that
we shall from Time to Time allow a sufficient Number of Places, as
they shall be desired, in all Parts of this our Kingdom, for the Use
of such as do not conform to the Church of England, to meet aaad
assemble in order to their publick Worship and Devotion, which
Places shall be open and free to all Persons.
But to Prevent such Disorders and Inconveniences as may happen
by this our Indulgence, if not duly regulated ; and that they may be
the better protected by the Civil Magistrate, our express Will and
Pleasure is, that none of our Subjects do presume to meet in any
Place, until such Places be allowed, and the Teacher of that Congre-
gation be approved by us.
And lest any should apprehend that this Restriction should make
our said Allowance and Approbation difficult to be obtained, we do
further declare, that this our Indulgence, as to the Allowance of the
publick Places of Worship, and Approbation of the Preachers, shall
extend to all sorts of Non-Conformists and Recusants, except the
Recusants of the Roman Catholick Religioai, to whom we shall in no
wise allow publick Places of Worship, but only indulge them their
Share in the common Exemption from the Penal Laws, and the
Exercise of their Worship in their private Houses only.
And if after this our Clemency and Indulgence any of our Subjects
shall pretend to abuse this Liberty, and shall preach seditiously, or
to the Derogation of the Doctrine, Discipline or Government of the
Established Church, or shall meet in Places not allowed by us, we
do hereby give them Warning and declare, we will proceed against
them with all imaginable Severity. And we will let them see, we can
be as severe to punish such Offenders when so justly provoked, as
we are indulgent to truly tender Consciences.
Given at our Court at Whitehall this 15th Day of March in the
four and Twentieth Year of our Reign. ^
This Declaration was generally welcomed by Noncon-
formists because of the relief which it offered. Some
scrupled and hesitated, but they were comparatively
few. Staunch men and advanced like Thomas Jollie of
Wymondhouses, and George Larkham of Cockermouth,
held Thanksgiving Services and secured their Licenses at
the earliest convenient moment. The first batch was
issued as early as April 2nd, 1672, little more than a
1. Hist. Pur., vol. iv, pp. 443-445.
Indulgence Licenses 5 1
fortnight after the Indulgence had been made public;
and there was quite a large* number of them. It is
interesting to note that the second License issued was for
" Theophilus Polwheele, M.A.," formerly a Cumberland
Minister, then resident at Tiverton ; and that " Comfort
Starre " also, previously at Carlisle, then at Sandwich,
Kent, and William Baldwin at Chisnall, Lancashire,
where Eoger Baldwin, formerly of Penrith, preached,
appear in the earliest list of applicants.
Allowing somewhat for a vigorous imagination, Mr.
J, B. Marsh catches the spirit of the time as he thus vividly
describes the reception of the Indulgei ce Declaration in
the country : —
Carriers in charge of country waggons spread the intelligence in
every little village through which they passed. Guards of fast coaches
caused the Declaration to be read aloud by the landlords of inns at
which they stopped to bait or change their horses. Itinerant
preachers carried the Declaration in their Bibles and read it to the
congregations to which they preached. And whether the news was
told in barn or kitchen, in cellar or wainscotted chamber, everywhere
it excited exceeding happiness. The fact of the Indulgence added
point to many a sermon, inspired the devotion of many a prayer, and
gave volume to the singing of many a psalm- The tin-streamers as
they laboured amoaigst the gorse on the hill-sides of Cornwall, spoke
to each other joyfully of the great concessions made by the King.
The weavers of Lancashire, as they bent over their looms, sang psalms
in their joy, and were no longer fearful of the listeners who might
be at their doors. The armourers of Warwickshire, the blacksmiths
of Northumberland, the coal-winners of Wales, partook of the general
joy. Artisans in towns, and fishermen on the coasts, manifested a
similar amount of enthusiasm ; while poor hinds, as they drove their
awkward ploughs through the rich soil, chanted psalms with glad
hearts because of the King's Indulgence.'
It is not easy to fix precisely the number of Licenses
issued; but the writer just quoted, who had made a
careful study of the original documents, in the Record
Office, says : —
Altogether there were granted between April 2nd, 1672, and
February 3rd, 1672-3,^ 3,356 licenses for preachers and preaching-
1. The Congregationalist for 1872, p. 464.
2. The Declaration was withdrawn on Feb. 7th, 1672-3.
52 The Ejected of 1662
places. Of that number 1,712 were preachers' licenses; and of the
remaining 1,644 licensed places simply, upwards of 1,000 were houses
belonging to men who were doubtless in the habit of preaching to
small congregations in their own dwellings, l
Mr. F, H. Blackburne Daniell, M.A., in his elaborate
and carefully prepared Introduction to the Calendar of
State Papers, 2 gives the number of personal Licenses
issued in England and Wales including three for
Guernsey as 1,481 ; while Mr. Bate says : "Allowing that
the numbers may need revision, 1,508 preachers were
licensed." ^
Professor Lyon Turner in answer to an enquiry sends
the following : —
The number of Licenses, excluding duplicates and triplicates, by
actual Counting; both for Teachers and Householders (for meeting
places) is as follows : —
1. Teachers :
i. England and Channel Islands 1,549
ii. Wales 65
Total 1,614
2. Householders :
i. England and Channel Islands 2,457
ii. Wales 109
Total 2,566
These make a Grand Total of 4,180 Individuals actually licensed in
1672/3. Of these :
Presbyterians were 935
Coaigregationalists
Baptists
No particular Denomination
Antinomian
464
210
4
1
1,614
Then there is the question of undated entries. Are they to be
reckoned as actually issued or not? There were over 1,100 entries
undated.
With reference to the original licenses still extant I have come upon
8 in addition to the 6 mentioned by Bate.
1. The Congregationali.st for 1872, p. 467.
2, Cal. S. P., Dom. for 1672—1673, p. xliii.
3. The Declaratiooi of Indulgence, 1672, p. 98.
Indulgence Licenses . 53
As just intimated the Licenses both for buildings and
persons were issued under certain denominational names,
the numbers being as stated in Prof. Turner's communi-
cation. Richard Baxter and Francis Bampfield are
simply called " IS^onconf orming " Ministers; two, Jerome
Gregorie in Buckinghamshire and John Axford in
Wiltshire, are without denominational name ; while
Richard Coore of Tonge, in Yorkshire, is described as an
"Antinomian." The Quakers do not appear : they applied
for no Licenses. Mr. Daniell from his careful analysis
of the License documents deduces some interesting facts
as to the relative strength of Nonconformity in various
parts of the country. " Some of the most remarkable
facts that appear," says he, " are (1) the great strength
of the Nonconformists in and about London and in the
West. Deducting duplicates, London, Middlesex, Surrey,
Essex, and Kent contain 272 ministers and the four
Western Counties, Devon, Dorset, Somerset, and Cornwall
263, being respectively a little over and a little under 18
per cent, of the total number. (2) Their weakness in the
four Northern Counties and in Wales. In the former
there were only 31, and in the latter only 45." ^ With
two of the Northern Counties we shall deal a little more
fully subsequently.
The original applications for Licenses are preserved in
the Record Office, and, doubtless, many a pathetic story
lies enshrined within the simple documents. " There
are some hundreds of pieces of paper," says Mr. Marsh,
" no bigger than the palm of a man's hand, containing
the name and address of the writer; many bear signs of
having been torn out of some book, others are large sheets
with as many as thirty addresses upon each." ^ Where a
1. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1672-3, Intro., p. Ix. The whole of this Article
will repay careful study on the part of any one interested in these Indul-
gence Documents. It is necessary, however, to remember what has been
previously said in reference to the significance of the terms " Presby-
terian " and " Congregational " (vide p. 28).
2. The Congregationalist for 1872^ p. 465.
54 The Ejected of 1662
License was issued in full and proper form it is represented
in tlie E-ecord Office by three documents : —
1. Application for License accompanied sometimes by
a Petition from a considerable body of people.
2. Date of actual issue of License.
3. Receipt for tbe License thus issued. '
Not infrequently the applications appear to have been
duplicated, and sometimes the Licenses are undated, a
fact which has led to the conjecture that such were never
actually issued, i
The Licenses were of three kinds : —
1. To be a Preacher in a particular Place and to a
particular Congregation.
2. To be a Preacher at large.
3. For a particular Building.
The following is a specimen of the kind issued for
No. 1, blanks being left, of course, for names of
Persons, Places, and Congregations. This is the one
issued to John Angier of Denton ; it is still in existence.
Charles R.
Charles by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France
and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. To all Mayors, Bayliffs,
Constables, and other Our Officers and Ministers, Civil and Military,
whom it may concern, Greeting. In pursuance of Our Declaration of
the 15th of March, 167^. We have allov^red, and We do hereby allow
of a Rooms or Roomes in the house of John Angier of Manchester
pish in Lancash. to be a place for the Use of Such as do not conform
to the Church of England, who are of the Perswasion conunonly
called presbyterien to meet and assemble in, in order to their publick
Worship and Devotion. And all and singular Our Officers and
Ministers, Ecclesiastical, Civil and Military, whom it may concern,
are to take due notice hereof : And they, and every of them, are
hereby strictly charged and required to hinder any tumult or
1. The late Rev. Bryan Dale, M.A., however, in a letter to me shortly
before his death, said that this conjecture could not be sustained, as he
himself had found several undated Licenses in Yorkshire, which were
known to have been issued.
Dr. Butler 55
disturbance, and to protect them in their said Meetings and
Assemblies. Given at our Court at Whitehall, the 30th day of
September in the 24th year of Our Reign, 1672.
By His Majesties Commaoid.
John Angler's house. Arlington.*
The buildings tlius licensed for religious worship were
of every possible description : barns, brick kilns, out-
houses, private dwelling houses, an occasional Court
house, " newly erected meeting houses," and, in a few
instances, a Church or a Chapel. At first, however, there
was considerable difficulty in securing a License for the
latter kind of building, lest Nonconformist worship, as
thus observed, should prove to be a serious competitor to
that of the Established Church. This led Dr. Butler,2
who acted as a sort of intermediary between the Noncon-
formists on the one hand, and Sir Joseph Williamson and
Lord Arlington on the other, to take up their case. His
letter to Lord Arlington dated April 26th, 1672, is thus
epitomised : —
I should not be faithful if I concealed the daily growth of
jealousies. Protestant Dissenters conclude this their liberty, so
graciously, so freely granted by his Majesty, will be short lived in
regard it is so stifled in the birth. Public places, which, it was
declared, should be allowed, are now refused, and they licensed to no
more than what those of the Romish persuasion freely enjoy. They
say, why not Halls, Schools, or Chapels not endowed, they being by
declaration only debarred Church benefices ? Let others supply un-
endowed chapels with preaching ministers, Dissenters' desires of them
presently cease, otherwise they conclude where God hath his church,
the Devil might have his chapel, it being his great work to keep the
Gospel from being preached. Every day almost affords tidings (I can
show some) from the countries of the many frequent and fervent
blessing of God and the King. 'Tis great pity that anything, by
lessening his Majesty's so merciful grant, should be done to hinder so
good, so advantageous a work, as the getting the hearts of the people,
which now, as the heart of one man, begin to say — 'Long may your
Majesty live, and rule over us.' These are weighty reasons, I
conceive, rather of choice to allow them these public places.3
1. Copied from facsimile of original in " Historical Account of Dukin-
field Chapel," by Alexander Gordon, M.A., p. 28.
2. Vide p. 56, note 2.
3. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1671-2, p. 381.
56 The Ejected of 1662
Previously, indeed only four days after the Indulgence
Declaration, Dr. Butler had made a number of sugges-
tions to Sir Joseph Williamson in reference to the matter,
all in the interests of those for whom the Indulgence was
intended. His letter, dated Tuesday, March 19th, 1671-2,
11 o'clock, is again summarised thus: —
(1) That some reasonable time be given to the countries for taking
licences. (2) That where no public meeting-house is, a private one be
allowed, but yet as public ; if they have not fixed it at present, that
time be given for it. (3) That they be licensed to preach in any
licensed place. (4) That they be licensed on particular occasions to
preach in private families as for fasting or thanksgiving. (5) That
all Nonconformists, which have not a people, but preach occasionally.,
may be licensed, being obliged to set the doors open, wherever they
shall so preach (Note by Williamson, 'Negatived'). (6) That so far
as with safety may be, a connivance be had to those whose wild
principles suffer them not to accept this act of so great grace (Noted
'Quakers, Fifth Monarchy'). (7) That the way of obtaining licence
be not made burdensome or troublesome. ... If to this great act of
grace were added a way for the people to come at justice in law cases
in a short time, I think it would be beyond the power of the devil
and bad men to give his Majesty any disturbance in his kingdoms.
These things will abundantly please.'
It has already been suggested that the securing of a
License required some effort. Generally it was done
through an agent, Dr. Butler ^ just mentioned acting in
that capacity.
1. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1671-2, p. 217.
2. Professor Turner, in a letter, says that he was "a Church of
England Clergyman who was for ever place-seeking and hanging on the
Court through Prince Kupert and others." This, however, has been
found to be incorrect, that description applying to a Dr. John Butler,
who for some time was Chaplain to the English Colony at Breda and
afterwards to Prince Rupert on the "Royal George." The License
agent was Nicholas Butler, Doctor of Medicine, who obtained his degree
from Cambridge University by Royal Letters from Charles II. in
recognition of his volimtary service rendered to the suffering poor
during the Great Plague. He petitioned the King in 1672 for pardon
on having married a second time, his first wife, who had been divorced
for adultery, being still alive. He is an interesting person and
for some reason or other, championed very vigorously the Nonconformist
cause in this matter of Licenses.
Thomas Blood 57
The following letter from his pen throws light upon the
way in which these Licenses were obtained : —
Letter from Mr. Butler of London to a Dissenter in the Country.'
"Lond. Ap. 4th. '72.
I am not unmindful of friends, and therefore thought good to offere
my service to you and any of your brethren, in order to procuring
licenses. [They] shall cost nothing. Our London ministers have
returned thankes, and most have already taken out their licenses. Its
expected that someth : by way of addresse be sent from those in the
countrey. 2 examples I have sent you, coppyed by my men from the
originall ; the places must be mentioned and so licensed, the name of
the minister and his Persuasion, and so he wiH [would] not only be
licensed to this place, but to all places whatever we have licensed.
If you please you may direct your letter to mee in little St. Hellens in
Bishopgate Street,
I am
Sr. your loving friend
Nicholas Butler."^
John Hickes also served in a similar capacity. He was
the distinguished Nonconformist Minister ejected from
Stoke in Devonshire, who suffered death in 1685 in con-
nection with the Monmouth Eebellion.s
Colonel Thomas Blood was another of these License
agents. His theft of the Crown Jewels about twelve
months previously made him notorious. The Bradshaigh
MS. gives considerable information respecting attempts
made to effect his capture in Lancashire on other and
earlier charges. Sir William Morton, " one of his Maties
Justices of the Court of Kinges Bench," in his instructions
" to all Sherrif es Mayors Balliffes Constables head
boroughes Tythingmen & othr his Maties Officers as well
within Libertys," dated February 23rd, 1670-1, says: —
Whereas J am Credibly informed that Marke Bloud Thomas Bloud
and Willm Moore stand outlawed for high Treason in Ireland and
doe lurke up and downe in this Kingdome of England, Theise are
1. The author of the work from which it is extracted appends a note
to the effect that in all probability this Dissenter lived in Lancashire.
2. Presbyterian and General Baptist Chiorches in the West of England,
by Jerom Murch, p. 378.
3. Calamy, vols, ii, p. 248 ; iii, p. 333.
58 The Ejected of 1662
therefore to will & require you & in his Maties name to Charge &
Comand you & evry one of you upon sight hereof to make diligent search
and Inquiry in all suspected places within yor sevall pr'sincts where the
sd psons may bee ffound and use yor Uttmost Endeavours for the
Apprehension of the aforesd Marke Bloud Thomas Bloud and Willm
Moore, & ev'ry of them, And them to bringe before me or some other
of his Maties Justices of the peace neare the place where they or any
of them shall be taken &c.
Two letters relating to the matter addressed to Sir
Roger Bradshaigli, Deputy Lieutenant of the County of
Lancashire, are here appended : —
Honrd Sr.
Yors of the 24th. J thanke you for, and have Inclosed a discription
of Blood which J did allsoe on this day seavennight my Cossen Roger
Reed your Irs. as I was with him to see him take Coach to Puttney —
he din'd with a Create many Cheshire and Lancashire Gent, uppon A
Invitation of Doctor Smalewood who gave us a noble treate yesterday-
meane tyme aboute 3 of the Clocke in the afternoone the Dutches of
Yorke dy'd, This day his Matie is Expected in toune from New-
markett. The house is now upon the Law bill, And I beleeve wee
shall rise within this fortnight, since his Matie sent to us to make a
recesse on this day senight. I hope to see you soone after our risinge
of the house and therefore referr what I have to say till I see you
My Lord Ormond thankes you for your Care, & desires your Con-
tinuance Mr. Vice Chancellor gave you an account of what pass'd
Concerninge Tyldesley, I shall say noe more, but you may be very well
Satisfy'd with his Maties good opinion of you. My Service to your
good Lady Cossen Betty and all my good friends, to Betty my
Blessing, Bro : and Sister Errington p'sent there Service to you are
glad you seale your pte- God will reward you for your care of your
Betty and her Brothers. Brother Freddy doath much obstruct them.
I am Sorry things are not soe fairely Carry'd amongst soe neare
relaccons, I thought a poore Satisfaction for my Children, better then
to have longe Suite to greate hazard and Cost, Deare Sr I am
Yours
London Aprill L 71. R. Kiekby.
The house sitt raorninge and afternoone
and I am call'd downe into the house.
Mr. Blood is aslendor man some what Inclining to Tallnes, a Long
leane pale face with pocke holes in it, Smale Grey Eyes and hollow,
with a light Browne straight haire.
* this Blood and his Sone, and one ]\Ir. Moore were the psona who
attempted to Steale the Kings Crowne out of the Tower and had got
Thomas Blood 59
it to the 2d Gate they weare the psons allsoe suspected that Assaulted
James duke of Ormond in his Coach, and had taken him out to have
Murther'd him.
[* From this point the writing is in a later hand.]
A Copy of Mr. Jno. Willson of Warrington Ire [letter] Concerning
Blood & the rest.
Ever Honrd Sr.
You may phapps have thought yt I have beene to remisse in that
business you imploy'd me in Concerning Blood but in deed I have
beene Very Active and att Last I hope to effect ye business to your
desire. Sr I have made use of Thomas Benett who is Brother in
Lawe to Mr. Ed : Standish to Enquire wh>t sweet hearts Mrs :
Grimsdicte or her Daughters had & how often they came a wooinge
this was ye way I thought might prove the most prudent way to
discover what you Imployed mee to doe & the least suspected & he
hath found out yt there are 2 Gentlemen yt frequente yt house of
Grimsdicte & yt the one of ym is said to be Sonn to Sr. George
Warburton ye other his Companion but it is beleeved to be Blood &
his ffellow K — Sr. I am goeinge on as secretly as I can, & doe hope
by the assistance of Leivt. Coll. Daniell, who I knowe Is a greate
lover of my Lord Duke de Ormond as also of your Selfe & Coll.
Kirkby whos assistance I can have upon a very short warninge but if
possible I would have your Worsp theare when tyme is ; Sr you shall
have notice how things succeed and god Willing I will doe my Uttmost
Endeavours to serve you to best of my Skill or Last droppe of Blood :
Whilst I am
Warrington March the 19th 1670. John Wilson.
For the ever Honrd Sr. Roger Bradshaigh
Knt at his house Haigh.
These.'
Blood's pardon and restoration to Royal favour is one of
the most singular incidents in Charles's reign. His
marriage, on June 21st, 1650, with Maria, daughter of
Holcroft of Holcroft, Colonel in the Parliamentary Army,
appears in the Parish Registers of Newchurch, near
Warrington. He died August 26th, 1680. ^
Blood acted as License agent for George Larkham of
Cockermouth and Richard Gilpin, then at Newcastle.
Evidently in this, however, as in other matters, his actions
1. The Bradshaigh MS.
2. "Colonel Blood," by Whittenburg Kaye, pp. vii, 258.
6o The Ejected of 1662
were distinctly shady. Writing to " William Mascall,
chirurgeon at Romford," on May 14tli, 1672, he says : —
I enclose the licences you gave me a note for. If you need any
other places to be licensed, you can have them. There is no charge
for them, only it is agreed that 5s. for the personal licences be gotten,
and the doorkeepers and under clerks should afterwards be remembered
by a token of love.i
Two days after this Thomas Gilson, Nonconformist
Minister of Little Baddow, writes to Mr. Mascall as
follows : —
I have had a conceit that Blood has detained the personal licences
for me and Mr. Kiteley till you send him word of the money he
mentioned. Therefore if you write to him, write smartly that we
cannot take it kindly to be so disingenuously dealt with, as if he
would stop our personal licences, though he knows us both, and only
send down licences for our houses, which signify nothing without a
person ; and we should have takeji it better if he had sent down the
personal licences, and left to our courtesy what we would gratify the
clerks and doorkeepers with, rather than to have a sum imposed on
us, contrary to the King's express command that nothing should be
required, and therefore advise him to send down presently the personal
licences for us, lest we make our address some other way.2
A much more interesting person, who figures promin-
ently in connection with these Licenses, is Sir Joseph
Williamson, subsequently Secretary of State in succession
to Lord Arlington. He was a native of Cumberland,
being born at Bridekirk, near Cockermouth, where his
father, the E-ev. Joseph Williamson, was Vicar from 1626
to 1634, his death taking place in August of the latter
year. It was just twelve months previous to this that
young Joseph was born, as the following from the Bridekirk
Parish Registers shows : . —
1633 Aug 4 Josephus fil. Josephi Williamson Cler. Vicarij de Bride-
kirk Bapt.
"At his first setting out in the world," write Nicolson
and Burn, " the young man was entertained by Robert
Tolson esquire, representative in parliament for Cocker-
mouth, in the time of the great rebellion, as his clerk or
1. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1671-2, p. 568.
2. Ibid., p. 689.
Sir Joseph Williamson 6i
amanuensis." ^ Whilst with his master, Mr. Tolson, in
London, he was introduced into Westminster School, and
being " a youth of a quick apprehension and unwearied
diligence," on the recommendation of the Head Master,
Dr. Busby, he went to Queen's College, Oxford. He
matriculated Nov. 18, 1650; took his B.A. Feb. 2, 1653-4;
M.A. by diploma Nov. 11, 1657; incorporated at Cam-
bridge 1659; was created D.C.L. June 27, 1674; became
barrister-at-law. Middle Temple, 1664, and of Lincoln's
Inn, 1672; Clerk of the Council and was knighted Jan. 24,
1671-2; Secretary of State 1674—1679; Member of Par-
liament for Thetford (1669 — 1689) in five Parliaments,
for Rochester (1690 — 1701) in four Parliaments; Clare in
Ireland 1692-5, Limerick and Portarlington, 1695; and
was President of the E-oyal Society, a position which he
resigned Feb. 9, 1678-9. His death took place on October
3rd, 1701, and he was interred in Westminster Abbey on
the 14th. To the College to which he owed so much, " in
his lifetime and at his death he gave in plate, books,
building and money to the value of £8,000. To the
grandchildren of Dr. Langbaine, his patron, [Provost of
Queen's College] he left by will £500. And he sent to
this parish [Bridekirk] gilt bibles and prayer books, velvet
covering and rich linen for the altar, with silver flagons
and chalices for the administration of the holy commu-
nion." 2 Sir Joseph Williamson was never permitted to
forget that he belonged to Cumberland. Whilst he was
at the State Secretary's office, letters and petitions to him
poured in continually from all sorts of people with all
kinds of requests; and judging from the language em-
ployed he was regarded in his native County as a sort of
divinity. It was an age of flattery, and in relation to
few men has this been more freely employed than it was
in reference to him.^ All this has made the little County,
1. Nicolson and Bum, vol. ii, p. 101.
2. Nicolson and Burn, p. 101. Vide also Hutchinson, Foster's AI. Ox.,
Diet, of Nat. Biog., Wood's Athenae, Cals. S. P. Dom., and Letters to
Sir Joseph Williamson (Camden Soc, Second Series, vols. 8 and 9).
3. Vide pp. 437, 719.
62 The Ejected of 1662
remote though it was from the heart of the kingdom,
assume quite an importance in the State Papers of that
period.
The Licenses bear different dates. As previously
intimated some were taken very early, but others were
issued quite late.^ Doubtless the explanation is to be
found in a variety of things. Possibly the fact indicates
lack of faith in the efficacy of the License on the part of
some ; still more probable is it that local feeling and
opinion were such as made haste in the matter unneces-
sary. Possibly also many a romance lies in this delay, if
we only knew it. At any rate, whatever the explanation,
the fact is that some of the Licenses wer.e not petitioned
for and secured until within a month or two of the Declar-
ation being cancelled. On the 7th of February, 1672-3,
the Indulgence Declaration was withdrawn, " the king
breaking with his own hand the Great Seal appended to
it."^ The Declaration had been issued on the King's own
responsibility. It was not an Act of Parliament; it was
an exercise of that dispensing power which Charles
claimed to be vested in the Kingship; and it is curious to
note that it was the very Parliament which had shown
itself in all else to be so subservient, the Cavalier Parlia-
ment, whose Royalist sympathies were most pronounced,
that had maintained the Declaration to be illegal from
the first, had pressed incessantly for its recall, and which
now accomplished its purpose. Clearly the lessons of the
past had not been forgotten, the exercise of the Royal
prerogative was carefully watched, and even this Parlia-
ment kept strict guard over its own rights.
1. It is much to be regretted that in Mr. Bate's book, excellent in
many respects, there is the very serious defect of a list of these Licenses
without a single date. The list is not near so valuable as it would have
been if the dates had been supplied, while many of the errors, which
have already appeared in print, are perpetuated. This lack has been
met by the monumental work of Professor G. L. Turner, M.A., on
" Original Kecords of Early Nonconformity under Persecution and
Indulgence," which has just been issued.
2. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1672-3, Intro., p. xxxvi.
The Great Schism 63
This was immediately followed by the Test Act requir-
ing all who held office in the State to receive the Sacrament
according to the Church of England and renounce the
doctrine of Transubstantiation. Complaint being made
that notwithstanding the withdrawal of the Indulgence
Declaration, Nonconformists still met for worship, acting
on the advice of the Bishops, on February 3rd, 1675-6,
Charles recalled all Licenses and commanded that care
should be taken for the suppression of all Conventicles.
What now was the result of all this religiously? The
creatfon of a Nonconformity that was to be a permanent
force in the religious life of the country. Efforts in the
direction of compromise and schemes of comprehension
had been repeatedly put forth from almost the beginning
of the Century. Richard Baxter, in particular, had
cherished the hope of a reunion of Protestant Christen-
dom, of such a modification of the doctrines, worship, and
polity of the Church of England as would permit of a
return to its Communion on the part of those who had
long been exiled from it; and, by speech and pen, in
season and out of season, he had laboured towards that
end. It is indeed quite pathetic to read the story of his
life as revealed in his own writings, and see how he clung
to this hope. He was not himself specially fitted to lead
in such a movement : he was too keen a controversialist
and his temper was too quick. But from whatever quarter
the suggestion of a reunion scheme came, it never failed
to find in him a sympathetic and quick response. There
can be little doubt, also, that at certain stages of the
conflict the prospects of reunion were remarkably favour-
able. At the Restoration, for example, had the returning
Episcopalians been more conciliatory and less unbending
a very large proportion of the Presbyterians, who had no
rooted objection either to Episcopacy as such, or to a State
Church, would have been won over; and the course of
religious history in this country during the last two
hundred and fifty years would have been altogether
different. The lex talionis, however, had too strong an
attraction for them; wiser and more moderate counsels
64 The Ejected of 1662
were set aside ; and there followed the years of repressive
and cruel legislation which have been briefly outlined,
with the result that English Christianity became hope-
lessly rent asunder. Baxter and others still dreamed of
Comprehension, but the dreams were impossible of fulfil-
ment : the current of separation had set in too strongly
to be diverted from its course. The " Great Schism " hqd
taken place, Nonconformity had got a definiteness of
character and a volume of life that prophesied perma-
nency for it. The two events just named — the Ejection
of 1662 and the Indulgence Declaration of 1672 — were
mainly responsible for this. Mr. Wakeman writes: —
Through all the mists and confusion generated by politics, the eye
of the historian can see clearly enough that the two systems of religion
were ever growing further and further away from each other, as they
developed themselves on their own religious lines by their own
religious power from the day of the birth of Puritanism in the reign
of Edward VI. to the day ot its final exclusion from the national
Church in 1662. There never was a time when they were compatible
with each other. There was often a time when it seemed that one
would completely exterminate the other. By 1662 it was clear that
neither comprehension nor extermination was possible, and as the
Church was in possession of the field, Puritanism had to go forth
into the wilderness. The Reformation struggle was ended. The
Church of England reformed on Catholic lines, and, freed from
Puritanism, was able to discharge her own duties to her own people
in her own way. Puritanism, relieved from its struggle for ascend-
ency over the Church, was able to develop its principles in the
freedom of voluntary societies. For a time, it is true, the toleration
which this altered state of affairs demanded was refused by politi-
cians ; but in the purely religious sphere the problems of the
Reformation were solved at the Restoration.*
It is not necessary to assume that in every particular that
passage is an accurate resume of the Puritan movement;
but its one correct pronouncement is that the Uniformity
Act marks the great dividing line in English History ;
and the same is true in reference to the Indulgence
Declaration of 1672. Dr. Edward Stillingfleet, Bishop
1. Hist, of the Church of Eng., by H. 0. Wakeman, M.A., pp. 387,
388.
Policy of Charles 65
of Worcester, dates from it what lie calls the " Presby-
terian Separation." 1
It is easy to see how the matter would work. The
Ejected Ministers frequently lingered in the neighbour-
hood in which they had lived and laboured. Generally
many of their parishioners were deeply devoted to them,
common suffering binding them still more closely together ;
and, even at considerable risk, when the days were most
threatening secret worship was occasionally held. Under
the Indulgence Declaration these would frequent their
licensed meeting places, and would serve as the nuclei for
the Nonconformist Churches, which arose when the advent
of William and Mary put an end to religious persecution
and secured for all Dissenters religious Toleration. The
policy of repression, therefore, pursued so unfalteringly
by a dominant Episcopacy after the Restoration was self
destructive. It was the Church which persecuted that
stood to lose. " So mistaken a policy," says Mr. Wake-
man, " brought its own retribution in the deadening of
spiritual life, and contributed to the loss of half the
English-speaking races to the allegiance of the Church." ^
The question now arises as to what was the policy of
Charles II. during all these years. What were his inten-
tions and aims? Historians, both ecclesiastical and
other, have done much to make Charles the Sphinx of
the 17th Century. The idea which has largely obtained
among them, and still does, is that he was abnormally,
almost supernaturally, clever; that he succeeded in hood-
winking all who were about him; that his true self
seldom, if ever, appeared upon the surface ; and that even
when he was most engrossed in pleasure he was faithful
to the two ideals which he had made his own, and for
whose realisation he was always steadily and secretly
endeavouring — the two ideals being Kingly Absolutism
and the re-establishment in his kingdom of Roman
Catholicism. It is interesting to note how this idea
1. Eng. U. Hist., p. 87.
2. Hist, of the Church of Eng., p. 393.
66 The Ejected of 1662
asserts itself even in authors who give evidence of anxiety
to escape its enthralment ; but in no case is it more
strongly and persistently emphasized than by John
Richard Green. He writes: —
The degradation of England was only a move in the political game
which he was playing, a game played with so consimomate a secrecy
and skill that it deceived not only the closest observers of his own
day but still misleads historians of ours. What his subjects saw in
their king was a pleasant, brown- faced gentleman playing with his
spaniels, or drawing caricatures of his ministers, or flinging cakes to
the water-fowl in the park. To all outer seeming, Charles was the
most consummate of idlers . . . meanwhile he went on patiently
gathering up what fragments of the old Royal power still survived,
and availing himself of whatever new resources offered themselves.
. . . He wished to break down English Protestantism. In heart he
had long ceased to be a Protestant. Whatever religious feeling he
had was on the side of Catholicism.^
The insertion of that passage is not at all to be taken
as suggesting that modern historians hold that view with
anything like the strength with which Green appears to
have done, Nor indeed is it easy to reconcile with it
much else that Green himself has written; but it is given
because it presents the view in question in such clear and
emphatic form. It may at once be conceded that Charles
had gifts of no mean order ; that his travels had furnished
him with a wide knowledge of men and things; that he
had leanings towards Roman Catholicism, as other Stuart
Kings had ; and that he found the idea of Kingly Abso-
lutism pleasant to entertain. I am not even disposed to
deny the story of his reception, as he lay dying, of Father
Huddleston, the priest who had saved his life after the
Worcester defeat, or even of his private reconciliation
with the Church of Rome; but it is denied that he had
any real care for either the one or the other, a care suffi-
ciently strong to induce him to take them as the ideals
of his life. The following points will assist in making
this position clear : —
Men never play at tyranny. That is the one thing
which is always taken seriously and lived openly. There
1. Short Hist, of the Eng. People, pp. 616-620.
Policy of Charles 67
is never any difficulty in discovering the Absolutist, either
in religion or in politics — the Church or the State. The
verdict of history is clear and decisive on that point. If
on the other hand Charles was a E-oman Catholic he was
an exceedingly indifferent and unprofitable one. During
all his long reign it is impossible to discover a single
thing which he did in furtherance of that faith. All the
repressive legislation of that period, which told so
heavily against Nonconformists, told with equal force
against Roman Catholics; and there is no evidence that
he ever sought to secure for them exemption. In the
Indulgence Declaration, which some say was intended
mainly in their interests, the exemption was the other
way. While it gave Nonconformists generally liberty
to license all kinds of buildings and hold their worship
publicly, it ordained that " the recusants of the Homan
Catholic religion should in no wise be allowed public
places of worship" ; but only that they should be indulged
" their share in the Common exemption from the penal
laws, and the exercise of their worship in their private
houses only." Then the Test Act, which followed almost
immediately, was deliberately aimed at them, and the
King raised no protesting voice. If Charles was of that
religious persuasion it owed him nothing; he risked
nothing; he achieved nothing for it.
Moreover, if the two things named were the ideals of
his life he entirely failed in their realisation. At the
end of his reign the re-establishment of Roman Catholic-
ism was less possible than it was at the beginning; and
the personal rule of the King had given way to rule by
Parliament.
During the greater part of his reign Charles was in the
hands of his ministers — his Junto, his Cabal. It was not
so much that he played off each against the other to
secure for himself position and power as that each played
himself and the King against the other with a view to his
own ends.
Charles's policy was determined by his character, and
his character appears in the distinctly illuminating sen-
68 The Ejected of 1662
tence which once escaped his lips, when he declared that
he had no intention " to set out on his travels again."
It was laughingly spoken, but it contained the one really-
fixed principle of his life. In more serious vein the
other words with which he is credited, when in reference
to Yane, who was being tried for treason, he said : — " He
is too dangerous a man to live if we can safely put him
away." The two statements, however, were the product
of the same spirit : it was his personal safety, convenience,
pleasure, to which he always gave first consideration. At
heart the Stuart Kings were considerable cowards.
Nobody questions that in relation to the first James. His
weakness and folly led to his being mockingly described
as " the wisest fool in Christendom." His son, Charles,
was much less an exception than would at first appear.
His fatal habit of lying was quite as much responsible
for the troubles of his reign as his obstinacy and wilful-
ness, and lying is always the coward's castle; while his
desertion of Strafford, after assuring him that " on the
word of a king " he should " not suffer in life, honour, or
fortune," was a pitiful piece of weakness, if not something
worse. The second James, again, after years of so called
resolute rule, completely collapsed in the supreme hour,
offered to concede et^erything which his opponents had
demanded, and eventually ran away from his kingdom.
Charles II. had this weakness of the Stuart character
emphasized to a high degree, and he was honest enough
not to attempt to be other than himself. He was always
receding from positions which he had taken up. It cost
him little to forget the Breda Declaration in which he
promised relief for " tender consciences," when his Par-
liament demanded the Act of Uniformity, which sent
those tender consciences into exile. The Indulgence
Declaration, which again was in the interests of the per-
secuted party, was withdrawn under the pressure of the
same Parliament. Too idle, too indulgent and voluptuous
to take in hand the affairs of the State, given up to women
and gambling, " Love's mere pensioner," like Gallio for
things of a serious character, he had no care whatever.
Policy of Charles 69
His policy was all with, a view to saving himself. He had
no deep religious convictions, or indeed deep convictions
of any kind. He was the great opportunist of his day.
Nor is it in the least difficult to account for those
rumours of his Romanist leanings, which were so frequent
in his time. The nation was feverishly Protestant; it
scented the Popish peril everywhere. Even Quakers were
charged with being E-onianists in disguise; and the Titus
Gates forgeries, which were accepted on evidence that
would not have borne a moment's investigation, witness
to the excited and hysterical state of public feeling. Not
too seriously even must be taken th.e Treaty of Dover,
completed on June 1st, 1670 ; according to which, among
other things, Charles was to acknowledge himself a
" Catholic whenever lie thought fit to do so" ; and in return
was to receive a large sum of money with considerable
troops from Louis of France to be employed in his defence
against his own people. The Treaty was a secret one, not
even known to two members of the Cabal ; and that Charles
was an adept in making promises, whose fulfilment sat
lightly upon his conscience, is almost axiomatic. One
thing is certain, viz., that he never "thought fit" to make
the necessary pronouncement, and that the fulfilment of
the promise was never attempted. Charles had simply
sold himself to France for money; and the Dover Treaty
proves nothing beyond the King's shameful weakness and
unreliability.
Charles's religious policy, therefore, was not dictated
by principles of cruelty : he had no thought of being a
persecutor of Nonconformists. There is no reason to
suppose that the Indulgence Declaration was other than
an honest attempt to put an end to the twelve years' sad
experience of repressive legislation, " during which little
fruit had resulted from all these forcible courses." There
is no evidence to show that the Uniformity Act, and the
other persecuting edicts which range themselves around
it, would ever have been passed, if behind him had not
been a minister like Clarendon and an ecclesiastic like
Sheldon. Charles clearly saw that the more of national
JO The Ejected of 1662
unrest there was, the more insecure was his throne.
There can, of course, be no admiration for a character
like that of Charles, who " laughed at religion when well
and turned to Catholicism when sick and serious" ; and
yet even his was the type that was calculated to
contribute to national progress at that particular time.
It filled up a sort of lacuna in the national life, which,
occupied by a character of a different type, would have
issued in disaster. His very weaknesses were the oppor-
tunity for the steady growth of the Constitutional spirit.
The nation was in no mood to play either with its Pro-
testantism or its liberties. James II. on succeeding
Charles, tried to do both ; and the result was calamitous
for himself. He did not lose his head, as his father did,
but he lost his crown. Charles the Second's reign made
certain the dethronement of James the Second and the
Revolution of 1688.^
1. The reader interested in the questions raised in this chapter in
addition to the works already cited will do well to consult the following :
The Creeds and Platforms of Congregationalism (Walker).
Congregationalists in America (Dunning).
Inner Life of the Religious Societies of the Commonwealth (Barclay).
The Puritan in England and New England (Byington).
The Congregationalism of the Last Three Hundred Years as seen in
its Literature (Dexter).
The Pilgrim in Old England (Bradford).
The Evolution of Congregationalism (Mackennal).
The England and Holland of the Pilgrims (Dexter).
Richard Baxter's Self Review &c. (Bishop of Chester).
Life of John Howe (Rogers).
Historical Enquiry (Wilson).
Presbyterian Chapels and Charities &c. (James).
English Puritanism (Bayne).
CHAPTER 11.
The Area.
It was originally intended to include in +liis area that
part of Lancashire which lies north of Morecambe Bay,
between the Kent on the one hand and the Irish Sea on
the other. This with the two Counties, Cumberland and
Westmorland, coincides almost exactly with the modern
Diocese of Carlisle. The work, however, has grown so
considerably that it has been found necessary to drop the
Lancashire portion, and restrict the enquiry to the two
Counties just named. The exception, hinted at in the
previous sentence, is the Parish of Alston, which, though
in the County of Cumberland, is in the Diocese of New-
castle. In reference to it Chancellor Ferguson thus
writes : —
The exclusion of the Cumberland parish of Alston from the diocese
of Carlisle may at first sight seem an anomaly, but it is not so. By
. all the laws of geography the parish belongs to the County of
Northumberland, and to the diocese of Durham, or since 1882, of
Newcastle ; the anomaly is that it belongs to the county of Cumber-
land, to which it has access only over a col, whose summit is 1,900
feet above the level of the sea. This arises from the fact that Alston
contained jura regalia, silver mines, whose profits the Crown of
England found it convenient to collect through the Sheriff of Cum-
berland and Alston thus became fiscally severed from the district to
which, ecclesiastically and geographically it belongs.^
In the north eastern part of the same County, also
contiguous to the Northumbrian border, is Upper or Over
Denton, which previous to the early part of the 18th
Century was an unclaimed parish, a sort of ecclesiastical
" No Man's Land" ; but since then it has been definitely
1. DiocesBJi Histories, Carlisle, pp. 3, 4.
72 The Ejected of 1662
associated with the Diocese of the County in which it
appears. Writing in 1703, Bishop Nicolson says: —
There's another Church at Upper or Over-Denton, which is said
to be in the Diocese of Durham. . . . Upon consulting Dr. Smith,
Prebendary of Durham, about the jurisdiction of Upper-Denton, I
had this State of ye matter from him in a Letter dated Mar. 4.
1703-4 : — " I employed Mr. Rowel in the Search . . . who says [among
other things] that he has often seen it in diverse old Synod and
Visitation Rolls of the Clergy in the Bishop's Registry. But he
believes no notice has been taken of it, nor any Exercise of Jurisdiction
claimed, for nigh a hundred years. And, if your Lp will take it, none
will oppose you from hence. And, if the Minister or Parishioners
should contest it, he believes you may depend upon wt assistance can
be made you, either by disclaiming it or otherwise. I have also
discours'd Archdeacon Morton about it; who is of the same opinion." '
The Carlisle Diocese, as we now have it, is quite modern.
Previous to 1856 it was barely two thirds of its present
size, the other third then added having been carved out of
the large and wealthy Diocese of Chester. A line drawn
from Workington on the Cumbrian coast across the
country to the head of Bassenthwaite Lake, traversing the
eastern side to below Thirlmere, striking east again about
midway between Ullswater and Windermere until the
Lune is reached a little below Tebay, taking in all that
part of Westmorland, and terminating near Arnside on
Morecambe Bay, will indicate the portion which was then
added to the Diocese. It formed part of the Archdeaconry
of Richmond, one of the largest, most ancient and
wealthy in the kingdom. As already indicated the North
Lonsdale portion has been most reluctantly omitted. It
is a compact area for the purpose of study, and its physical
homogeneity at once impresses the student. It is pre-
eminently " the Land of the Mountain and the Flood" ;
and, in consequence, is only sparsely populated. Even
to day it is, for the most part, cut off from the main
stream of life, whose throb is felt so powerfully in the
neighbouring Counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It
is sparingly intersected by railways, though its well kept
1. Miscel., pp. 3, 4.
Isolation "]}>
roads invite the cyclist and motorist to its delightful
retreats. With the exception of Carlisle, Penrith, Cocker-
mouth, Workington, Appleby and Kendal, its towns are
little more than good sized villages; its villages are
scattered and often mere hamlets; and the traveller,
fresh from the stress and strain of Lancashire life, feels
the reposefulness of a quaint old worldishness wherever
he goes. The population of the entire area is far from
equal to that of Manchester or Liverpool : the two
Counties are among the most rural and thinly populated
parts of England. If these are the characteristics of this
district to day they were the same, greatly emphasized,
in the period with which we are concerned. Chancellor
Perguson, writing in 1894, says : —
For the greater part of the last century the Lake District was as
primitive and as out-of-the-world a place as could possibly be im-
agined. English travellers did not visit mountains for the sake of
mountain scenery, but only to traverse them into Italy. They liked
their sherry sv^eet and their scenery flat. A fine champaign country
was their idea of the picturesque ; and small blame to them if they
preferred the view from Richmond Hill, in Surrey, to any other in
the world. ^
Occasional writers, like West and Gilpin, toured through
the Lake District in the second half of the 18th Century,
and gave to the world their impressions of the glories
which they had seen; but it was not until near the end
of that Century that travellers began to turn their atten-
tion seriously to it. Curiously enough this was in large
measure due to the French Revolution, that wonderfully
liberalising, though, in many respects, terribly iconoclastic
movement, which in all sorts of ways influenced the life
of this country. Chancellor Ferguson observes that it
" closed the Continent to English travellers and they
turned to the Lake District." 2 To the same end also
contributed the literary Renaissance, which that period
witnessed, that " new Romanticism " which made litera-
ture living and fresh, the work of men like Wordsworth,
1. History of Westmorland, pp. 6, 7. (Popular County Histories.)
2. Ibid., p. 7.
74 The Ejected of 1662
Coleridge and Southey; men who were either natives of
the district, or who made their home there for some while ;
and who, having communed with nature in all its impres-
siveness and splendour, sang of it in telling verse, with
the result that strangers sought out these parts and found
therein a world of unexplored beauty. The significance
of this will appear in what follows. The physical envi-
ronment of a people does much to stamp the character of
a people's life, even as does their moral. It is not alone
the animal and the insect that have the power to adjust
themselves to the climatic conditions in which they find
themselves, man also feels the pressure of this law con-
tinually.
The two Counties were overwhelmingly Royalist, by
far the greater proportion of the territorial magnates
being active supporters of the King. The Musgraves of
Edenhall, the Lowthers of Lowther, the Howards of
Naworth, the Lamplughs of Lamplugh, the Huddlestons
of Millom, the Curwens of Workington, the Fletchers of
Cockermouth, the Featherstonhaughs of Kirkoswald, the
Flemings of Rydal, with many others, were vigorous
upholders of Church and King. The Puritan or Parlia-
mentary interests were represented by very few landed
families. Chief among these were the Whartons of
Wharton Hall, near Ravenstonedale, whose most distin-
guished member was the " Good Lord Philip Wharton,"
the friend and shelterer of Nonconformists in the days
of their exile and suffering. At one time he was Colonel
of a Regiment of Horse in the Parliamentary Army and
at the Restoration, though in favour of a Monarchy, he
stood in some risk of life.^ The Wharton influence was
much felt in the Eden Valley; and it was this Lord
Wharton that left the Wharton Bequest of Bibles for
distribution among the school children of certain places
specified in his Will. The Briscos^ of Crofton and the
1. Vide the Masy Letters, p. 879.
2. In the British Museum is a pamphlet containing " a Perfect List of
the names of Persons returned to Serve in this Parliament 1656 for the
several Counties and Corporations within the Commonwealth" from
County Families 75
Barwises of Ilekirk together with the Lawsons of Isel were
Puritan in their sympathies ; and to that may be attributed
the fact, says Chancellor Ferguson " that Wigton, Holm
Cultram and Cockermouth were full of Puritans and
fanatics." 1 The Braithwaites of Ambleside Hall also
were somewhat Puritan in their proclivities, and, may be,
helped to check the aggressions of Sir Daniel Fleming of
Rydal Hall, to whose family they were closely related.
In this overwhelming preponderance of Royalist influ-
ence will be found, in part, at least, the explanation of a
fact which is such a marked feature of this area. The
story of the Ejection has often been recited in most
dramatic fashion, and the painful leave taking of the
devoted pastors from their congregations immediately
before St. Bartholomew's Day has been sketched in most
vivid colours; and there is abundant reason for this. We
have already seen how the London Ministers preached
their Farewell Sermons to their flocks,^ in dignified and
restrained phrase, the very Sunday preceding the day
when the Act came into force ; ^ and the same holds
doubtless of other places. It is quite certain that it does
of Lancashire and Yorkshire, where the two contending
parties were more evenly balanced; but in relation to
Cumberland and Westmorland it is otherwise. jS^ot more
than half a dozen appear to have waited for the Act of
Uniformity; immediately the King returned and Episco-
pacy was restored to power the necessary machinery was
set in motion, and the displacement of men began. In
many parts of the country, indeed, men did not wait for
these events : action began to be taken as soon as it was
which the following is extracted : — " For Cumberland — Major-Generall
Charles Howard, William Briscoe, Esq. For Carlisle — Scoutmaster-
generall Downey. For Westmorelajid— none yet returned."
1. Hist, of Cumberland, p. 255. (Popular County Histories.)
2. Vide p. 42.
3. A "collection of Farewell Sermons preached by Calamy [and others]
to their respective congregations at their departure from them " was
published in 1662.
76 The Ejected of 1662
decided that Monarchy should be restored; but, at least,
the action was definite and decisive after the King
actually returned. It has already been stated that Peti-
tions from Sequestered Ministers and suffering, or pseudo-
suffering, E-oyalists of all kinds began to pour in. The
Journals of the House of Lords for May and June, 1660,
abound with them. In some cases the request was for
actual and immediate reinstatement in benefices from
which the petitioners had been sequestered " by Oliver
Cromwell and his pretended Council " ; ^ also that " satis-
faction"' might be made "for the profits so unjustly " kept
from them, " or at least that the fifths might be paid."
In other cases petitioners ask that " the tithes and other
profits of sequestered livings " may be secured "to Church
Wardens and Overseers of the poor of tlie several parishes
until the titles of the sequestered Clergy and of the
present possessors should be determined." - In the
Seventh Report of the Historical MSS. Commission,
appear the names of some 580 petitioning Clergy, ranging
over all the country, their Petitions being presented to
the House of Lords on June 23rd, 1660, among them
eleven from Westmorland and Cumberland; and the
administration being in local hands it is easy to see what
would happen in those places in which local feeling was
deeply stirred. The possessor of a living, who did not
happen to be a Hoyalist, would know how little chance
there was of success in contesting any claim to continuance
therein. The Convention Parliament, also, by its ordin-
ance of September, 1660, authorizing the return of
Sequestered Incumbents, where still living, contributed
largely in the same direction ; and possibly the influence
of Richard Sterne, Bishop of Carlisle, with his Dean, Dr.
Guy Carleton, a strong and active supporter of the
Royalist cause, even more.
There is quite a conflict of opinion as to the real charac-
ter of Richard Sterne. Burnet's description of him as
1 . H. M. C. Seventh Report, Part i, p. 100.
2. Ihid , p. 104.
Richard Sterne "jj
" a sour ill tempered man who minded chiefly the enrich-
ing of his family and was suspected of popery, because he
was more than ordinarily compliant in all things to the
court and very zealous for the duke," ^ is questioned by
some, though for what reason it is not easy to discover.
E-ichard Baxter, referring to the Savoy Conference of
1661, gives Sterne a character not very dissimilar : —
Among all the Bishops there was none who had so promising a
Face as Dr. Sterne, the Bishop of Carlisle. He look'd so honestly,
and gravely, and soberly, that I scarce thought such a Face could
have deceived me ; and when I was intreating them not to cast out
BO many of their Brethren through the Nation, as scrupeled a
Ceremony which they confess'd indifferent, he tum'd to the rest of
the Reverend Bishops, and noted me for saying [in the Nation]. He
will not say [in the Kingdom]' saith he, lest he own a King. This
was all that ever I heard that worthy Prelate say : But with grief
I told him, that half the Charity which became so grave a Bishop,
might have sufficed to have helpt him to a better Exposition of the
word [Nation]; from the Mouths of such who have so lately taken
the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, and sworn Fidelity to the
King as his Chaplains, and had such Testimonies from him as we
have had : and that our case was sad, if we could plead by the King's
Commission for Accommodation, upon no better Terms, than to be
noted as Traytors, every time we used such a word as the [Nation]
which all monarchical Writers use.2
Nicolson and Burn endeavour to tone down Bishop
Burnet's estimate of him, and present him in a more
favourable light. They cite a letter from York, whither
Sterne was transferred, in 1664, to the Archiepiscopal
Chair, in which, among other things, it is said that "he
was greatly respected and generally lamented. All the
clergy commemorate his sweet condescensions, his free
communications, faithful counsels, exemplary temperance,
chearful hospitality, and bountiful charity." ^ Thomas
Pickard's letter is much to the same effect. * Dr. Stough-
ton, also, seems wishful to take a slightly more generous
1. Hist, of his Own Times, p. 382.
2. Rel. Bax., p. 338.
3. Nicolson and Bum, vol. ii, p. 289.
4. Vide p. 766.
78 The Ejected of 1662
view of his character, though he scarcely succeeds in doing
so. On summing up the position, he says : — " It only
follows that the Archbishop showed himself an exceed-
ingly disagreeable man to such as belonged to the opposite
party, and quite a pleasant one to those who belonged to
his own." ^ Thoresby has the following suggestive
reference to his son under date February 19, 1683 : — "At
Street house, took up a gentleman and his man who proved
very good company (not so hot as I feared, being the
Archbishop's son) Richard Sterne, Esq., Parliament man
for Ripon." ^ Hutchinson, however, asserts that the
letter in question is practically valueless because anony-
mous, and complains more than once of the ecclesiastical
bias of Nicolson and Burn's work.-^ Sterne being a pro-
nounced Royalist had suifered considerably under the
Commonwealth regime. For conveying the plate of
Jesus College, Cambridge, when he was Master there, to
Charles I. at York, he was imprisoned for several months;
and he appears to have carefully preserved the memory
of his experiences during these times. ^ His translation
to the See of Carlisle was near the end of 1660, his Con-
secration taking place in December of that year. He
appears in the list of petitioners previously mentioned, s
against his name being the words " Harleton Camb " ; and
his removal from that place occurred almost immediately
after. The domestic Chaplain of Archbishop Laud,
attending him on the scaffold at his death, whatever
else he may have been, we may expect to find that he was
a strong and aggressive Churchman. That he was such
the Episcopal Register at Carlisle abundantly testifies.
He held ordination services quite frequently, licensed a
large number of men, and with his advent and that of
his Dean changes began to register themselves through
1. Eeligion in England, vol. iii, p. 486.
2. Diary, vol. i, p. 154.
3. Hutchinson, vol. ii, p. 632.
4. In Le Neve's Lives of the Bishops is a letter from his pen dated
Oct. 9th, 1643, in which he details fully his sufferings.
5. Vide p. 76.
Calamy 79
the Diocese. Richard Gilpin of Greystoke made way for
William Morland the old Eector towards the end of 1660 ;
George Larkham was ejected by violence in November,
1660; George Benson lost his vicarage at Bridekirk in
October, 1660; and so with the rest. In other Counties
the Act of Uniformity was a necessity, because local
feeling was fairly evenly balanced; but it was not so in
this area. Had there been no Act of Uniformity it would
have been much the same so far as Cumberland and
Westmorland are concerned. Nearly every man who went
out did so before St. Bartholomew's Day ; in some instances
almost two years before. It is still, of course, quite per-
missible to speak of the " Ejected Ministers " in relation
to St. Bartholomew's Day, and Calamy, the Historian,
does not in the least stand discredited by the discovery
of this fact. His book is: — "An Account of the Minis-
ters, Lecturers, Masters and Fellows of Colleges and
Schoolmasters, who were Ejected or Silenced after the
Restoration in 1660, By, or before, the Act of Uniformity."
It is true that in the various sketches he is not always
careful to indicate who went out "before," and who "by,"
the Act of Uniformity; and that is a defect in the work.
In his Preface he gives us the principles which guided
him in its composition. "A Catalogue of them" [the
Ejected], says he, "was Printed in 1663, but it was diffi-
cult to come by, and very scarce. I could not obtain a
sight of it, till my first Edition of this Work was got
through the Press ; and when I look'd into it, I found it
very deficient. It mentions the names of those who were
Ejected in London and Essex, and Eight Counties more,
but has not a word of all the rest, and yet it bears the
Title of an exact Catalogue." ^ This list, he says, con-
tains not more than " Five or Six Hundred." Four other
lists came into his hands. " One was Collected with great
Industry and Application by the Reverend Mr. William
Taylor, late of jSTewbery, who while Chaplain to the late
Lord Wharton, had a Correspondence in most parts of
1. Calamy, vol. ii, p. iv.
8o The Ejected of 1662
England, in pursuit of his Design" ; "two I receiv'd from
the laborious Mr. Roger Morrice" ; "the fourth I receiv'd
from another hand." ^ He informs us that he collated
these several lists and drew up one "out of all of them,
omitting none where they were all agreed; and where they
differ' d, 1 sometimes foUow'd one copy, and sometimes
another, with respect to the several Counties, according to
the Information and Advice of such as T consulted in
Person, and by Letter, for the Places with which they
were best Acquainted." The person upon whom he mainly
relied for our area was Dr. Thomas Dixon of Whitehaven.
It is not easy to suggest safer principles than those
which Calamy adopted, yet they did not preserve him
from error; and it is interesting to note that the 1663 list
to which he refers, whilst defective, is more accurate than
his own in one or two particulars. It is also particularly
valuable because it distinguishes between those ejected
" before " and " by " the Uniformity Act. A copy of
this rare Tract appears in the Walker MSS. from which
the following is extracted : —
An Exact Catalogue of the names of several Ministers lately
Ejected out of their Levings in several Counties of England, Because
they could not conform for Conscience Sake, London, printed 1663.
In Westmerland :
Ministers outed upon Title :
Mr. Langhorne of Askam.
Mr. Jackson, of Crosby on the Hill.
Mr. Wallace of Evesham.
Ministers outed for Nonconformity :
Mr. Higgeson of Kirby Stephen.
Mr. Dodgson of Rushendale.
Mr. Roberts of Barton.
Mr. Dalton of Shape.
Mr. Greenwood of Hutton, near Kendal.
In Cumberland :
Ministers outed since 1660 :
Mr. Gilpin of Graystock.
Mr. Baldwin of Penrith.
Mr. Starre of Carlisle.
Mr. Larkham of Cockermouth.
1. Calamy, vol. ii, p. v. *
Calamy 8 1
Mr. Benson of Bride Kerke.
Mr. Lane [Cave] of Cros [Crosthwaite] in Keswick Parish
Mr. Hopkins of Mellerby.
Mr. Askyns [Atkinson] of Lazonby.
Mr. Broadly of Addingham.
Mr. Forward of Bolton.
Mr. John Jacksoin of Hutton.
Mr. Peter Jackson of Sowerby.
Mr. Yates of Ainstable.
Mr. Carmitchel of Thursby.
Mr. Tayler of Eadnal [Edenhall].
Mr. Saxton of Bonus [Bowness].
Mr. Cragge of New Kerke.
Ministers outed upon the Act :
Mr. Rogers of Crogelyn.
Mr. Barnard of Brampton.'
It may be that the plan here followed, comparatively
easy in 1663, in Calamy's day, had become impossible;
but no one can read his Preface and be in any doubt as
to his intentions. His list is meant to include all the
"Silenced" and "Ejected" between the years 1660 and
1662. Both Calamy and Palmer give the number of men
ejected for Cumberland as thirty, of whom four are said to
have conformed afterwards; for Westmorland nine, of
whom four conformed; and two are singled out as un-
worthy of being remembered because of some scandalous
conduct associated with their names.
We shall see later how far these figures are accurate.
What, however, impresses the reader is the largeness of
the number of those who accepted the new situation, and,
therefore, were left undisturbed, as compared with the
neighbouring County of Lancashire ; and the still further
fact, that many of those who were displaced or ejected
were undistinguished. In Calamy's list they are mere
names, not a sentence being given about them ; and in the
case of not a few the most careful research has resulted in
establishing little more than that such and such persons
lived. The truth is that the livings were small and in
1. Walker MSS., C. 8, fol. 20, Bodl. It will be noted that this list
contains fewer names than Calamy's, and that it makes clear the
Ejection of Wallace from Heversham.
G
82 The Ejected of 1662
out of tke way places, and that, while the men in them
doubtless served faithfully, they lacked those qualities
that were likely to make them appear much in the public
eye.
Reference has several times been made to the Seques-
tration of the Clergy before the Restoration, and it may
be well to hark back a little and look at the situation from
that point of view. The machinery used for this purpose
appears to have been of a complicated character, but the
following briefly summarised facts will help to an under-
standing of the matter. " The Committee for Scandalous
Ministers," ^ says Dr. Shaw, "was the first mechanism
invented by the Long Parliament for dealing expressly
with the clergy." It began its work four months after
the Long Parliament was summoned into being and on the
22nd of November, 1643, published the first century of
Scandalous Ministers. 2 It will, of course, be remembered
that when this Committee was appointed the King was
still on the throne, the Civil War had not broken out, and
there was no thought of the overthrow of either Episco-
pacy or Monarchy. Within a year or two this Committee
was replaced by the Plundered Ministers' Committee, one
of the most powerful of all the Committees which those
years produced. The Committee for the Reformation of
the Universities, more or less operative since 1646, exer-
cised many of the functions of the Plundered Ministers'
Committee; but the latter body absorbed the former in
February, 1652-3, and the Plundered Ministers' Com-
mittee itself was replaced by the Trustees for Maintenance
of Ministers in 1653. The powers of the Plundered
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 178. The facts given here are largely
drawn from this excellent work. Dr. Shaw has brought order out of
chaos, and unravelled the tangled skein in relation to the various
Committees called into existence during the Long Parliament's life for
dealing with Church matters. He confesses that there are still some
things requiring fuller light, but under his guidance the reader may
walk confidently, and in the end he will arrive at a fairly accurate
knowledge of the situation.
2. "1st February, 1640-41. Ordered. That the Committee for
Scandalous Ministers shall begin to meet tomorrow." C.J., vol. ii, p. 96.
Committees 83
Ministers' Committee were at certain times exceedingly
large, relating to Augmentation of Stipends, Sequestration
of Livings, and Examination of Ministers. With regard
to the latter question there were various examining bodies.
During the Presbyterian regime, 1646 — 1650, the Classis
examined and ordained. The Plundered Ministers' Com-
mittee, Trustees for Maintenance of Ministers, Committee
for Reformation of Universities more or less exercised
this function. On the 20th of March, 1653-4, Cromwell
and his Council established the Commissioners for Appro-
bation of Public Preachers, the " Triers," as they came
to be called. Says Dr. Shaw: —
The Act was made retrospective as far as related to all presentations
made since 1st April, 1653. The Commissioners were not to grant
any such instrument of admission to any who could not produce to
them a testimonial or certificate of three persons of known godliness
and integrity, one of them a minister, to whom the applicant was to
be personally known. They were not to grantadmission to sequestered
or delinquent ministers except upon a signification from the Protector
and his Council.'
All this central machinery was, of course, worked in
conjunction with local assistance; but, in particular,
sectional Committees were called into existence on whom
very large powers were devolved, one of the most impor-
tant being the " Committee for the Propagation of the
Gospel in the four Northern Counties." In consequence
of a petition from these four Counties in reference to the
state of religion in them, as early as December 20th, 1649,
a Committee was appointed to deal with the matter; and
in the February following, " Sir Arthur Haselrig was
ordered to bring in a bill for settling ministers in the
northern counties. "^ It was passed on March 1st, 1649-50,
as " an Act for the better propagating the Gospel in the
four Northern Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland,
Westmorland and Durham."
It is not easy to arrive at the true character of Sir
Arthur Haselrig, the prime mover in this matter, whose
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 284.
2. Ibid., p. 226.
84 The Ejected of 1662
personality made itself felt considerably in this area
during these years. He was one of the " five members,"
whom Charles I. impeached and attempted to arrest in
the House of Commons; and he is generally regarded as
one of Cromwell's most faithful supporters. Appointed
governor of Newcastle, it would appear that he played
considerably for his own hand. In the " Musgrave
Tracts " ^ a decidedly unfavourable character is given to
him. He is charged with advancing his own material
interests at the expense of the State, with appointing men
to livings irrespective of their character and attitude
towards the Government, and with lending to the Govern-
ment a very doubtful support. These charges were prin-
cipally levelled by William Lampit, an Independent
Minister, and so possibly must be discounted a little,
though his appointments suggest that he certainly did not
favour Independency. After Cromwell's death, and while
Monk was arranging matters his attitude was doubtful;
and at the Restoration along with Lambert he escaped
with imprisonment for life.
It is impossible to give the precise number of men
sequestered by Sir Arthur Haselrig and others ; but so far
as Cumberland and Westmorland are concerned it is quite
certain that Walker has considerably understated it.
The main point to remember, however, is that the Clergy
at this time were not noted either for their character,
their efl&ciency, or devotion to duty; and it has already
been indicated that the one thing which the various Com-
mittees sought to secure in all parts of the country was
" an able and godly ministry." There is no reason what-
ever to think that where the Clergy faithfully did their
duty, and where they did not make themselves obnoxious
to the Government, they were disturbed. Evidence
indeed abounds that they were not only left unmolested,
bu-f that the greatest patience was exercised towards them,
even when they proved to be fiercely " malignant."
Richard Archer of Windermere is described as " a
1. Vide p. 613.
Commonwealth Tolerance 85
Kon-covenanter and disaffected," yet lie continued in
the living until his death in 1653; William Eichardson
of Brough was " a Non-covenanter and disaffected," yet
he remained until Restoration times ; Lancelot Lowther of
Kirkby Thore is given as " a Malignant and pluralist
lately come from ye Kinges Quarters," but he was dis-
turbed mainly, if not exclusively, because of his Plural-
ism; and in like manner with others. It is clear, there-
fore, that the regime of that period has been greatly
caricatured. As previously intimated local feeling was
without doubt an important factor in the situation, and
that could not always be restrained or properly directed ;
but the central authority endeavoured, as far as possible,
to eliminate from its action the element of harshness.
Hence it is disappointing to find the latest County History
so seriously straying in this matter, and adopting a view
which stands quite discredited in the light of actual fact.
In the Chapter on the Ecclesiastical History of Cumber-
land Dr. Wilson, the Editor, says : —
For several yeaxs little else but anarchy prevailed in the county,
as the fortunes of the opposing forces fluctuated in favour of the
King or the parliament. In the sequestrations which followed the
military triumph of puritanism, the leading clergy of the diocese, as
well as the dean and chapter, were ejected from their livings. If
there was any tendency on the part of those with royalist proclivities
to hold on, the committee of " tryers " accepted the most flimsy charges
wherewith to oust them from their parishes. There can be no doubt
that many of the clergy, specially those in the poorer and more
secluded parishes, bent their necks to the puritan yoke and stood
their ground. It is difficult to estimate the motives of those who
accepted the directory and swore to maintain the covenant, but there is
evidence that if some did so from conviction, others acted from policy.
Against these may be placed the example of Timothy Tullie, rector
of Cliburn, who became the "bright particular star" of presby-
terianism while the Commonwealth lasted, but who altered his orbit
without dimming his lustre by becoming a Canon of York on the
restoration of the church and crown. The committee of " tryers,"
notwithstanding the supposed leniency with which they exercised
their unpleasant vocation, were quite unable to find substitutes of
their own way of thinking for the vacant benefices. For fourteen
86 The Ejected of 1662
years the precincts of the cathedral lay in ruins, aaid the floor of the
cathedral itself was common ground at the disposal of all the sects.
The principal churches of the diocese were supplied either by resident
or itinerant ministers of the presbyterian, independent or baptist
persuasion, but the presbyterians predominated in number and
influence. If pluralism could be alleged with truth as a defect of the
order of church government, it was repeated in an aggravated form,
though perhaps from necessity, when the sequestrators had finished
their work, for it was no uncommon thing for one minister under the
new regime to be the peripatetic pastor of three parishes. Some of
the churches were shut up, and most of the preachers admitted by the
commissioners were not ministers at all, not even according to the
religious conceptions of the period. For some time after the fall of
episcopacy there was no ecclesiastical or religious organization among
the ministers and no cohesion among the parishes. The vacant
churches had been allotted to members of various sects as each sect
in turn had gained the mastery of the local committees. In any group
of parishes it was possible to find the ministers in charge belonging
to opposing denominations. The presbyterians endeavoured to find
some sort of church discipline, but every attempt at combination
created jealousy among the rest and led to controversy and strife.
The first effort to form an alliance between the presbyterians and
independents was begun in 1653, "but it took not" among the
brethren of the "congregational judgment." It is a singular coinci-
dence that it was in this year that George Fox commenced his
mission in the county. There was a cloud upon the horizon, at this
time no bigger than a man's hand, which soon grew to such stupendous
proportions that the two principal denominations were forced to combine
in order to preserve themselves from extinction. Fox made a progress
from parish to parish through the western portion of the county.
At Brigham he converted John Wilkinson, " who was preacher of that
parish and of two other parishes in Cumberland,' in which neighbour-
hood "many hundreds were convinced. Consternation is scarcely the
word to describe the state of feeling which filled the hearts of the
religious leaders in that portion of the county at the missionary
success of Fox The religious instincts of the people, so far as
they were represented by the preachers who had supplanted the old
order of clergy, began to gravitate towards Fox, who, in a few years,
was almost universally accepted as the sovereignpontiff of Cumberland.
The puritan teachers were so utterly forsaken that the churches in
some parishes stood empty. It can be readily imagined that the
external pressure oi Fox's preaching contributed in no small measure
to "the agreement of the associated ministers and churches of the
counties of Cumberland and Westmorland," which was brought to a
successful issue in 1656. . • . All scandalous persons, such as
I
Pluralism 87
episcopalians, papists and quakers, were rigidly excluded from the
Association till they had publicly recanted their errors.^
There is a very considerable amount of literary em-
broidery in that passage, permissible, may be, in even the
serious historian, provided it does not entice him into
error; but in this case it has done so. Lengthy as the
quotation is, there is scarcely a sentence in it which might
not be successfully contravened. It is far from correct,
for example, to suggest that a person was deemed "scan-
dalous" because he was an "Episcopalian " ; and that the
"tryers" accepted "flimsy charges" against those who had
Royalist proclivities with a view to ousting them from
their livings. Enough has already been said to show how
little ground there is for statements of that kind, and that
many of the Royalist Clergy held on, though they were
not careful to conceal their hostility to the existing
Government.
Still more does the statement about Pluralism mis-
represent the case. It has already been shown that the
one evil which the Puritans set themselves to remove was
Pluralism, that the Clergyman was merely compelled to
make choice of the living in which he would serve, not
with a view to his Sequestration, though a Royalist, but
with a view to a more efficient ministry among the people.
The " peripatetic pastor " is much of a fiction. With
the exception of James Cave, an Itinerant Minister in the
Bassenthwaite Lake district, of whom more presently,
and John Smith, who laboured similarly in the Eskdale
district, the " peripatetic pastor of three parishes " is
unknown. Neighbouring Parishes were frequently linked
together and served by one man ; that, however, is not the
sort of Pluralism which was assailed by the Puritans, but
rather where Parishes as wide apart as Workington and
Kirkby Thore, Grasmere and Asby, Bowness and Bramp-
ton, Barton and Asby, Skelton and Ousby, were in the
hands of the same Incumbent, leading, as it did, to all
the evils of non residence.
1. The Victoria History of the County of Cumberland, vol. ii, pp. 93-97,
edited by James Wilson, M.A., Litt.D.
88 The Ejected of 1662
Then, though there is not the slightest wish to minimize
the influence of George Fox, whose success was quite
phenomenal, as will be shown in the account of the
Quaker movement, the matter is greatly exaggerated in
the paragraph just mentioned.
Still further the account of the Cumberland and "West-
morland Agreement is quite incorrect. This "Agree-
ment," largely the work of E-ichard Gilpin, was one of
the earliest of its kind. It is sometimes regarded as the
fruit of the Worcestershire Association ; but that this was
not so E-ichard Baxter himself is at pains to make clear : —
About the same time that we were thus associating in Worcestershire
it pleased God to stir up the Ministers of Cuunberland and Westmor-
land to the same Course; who though they knew not what we had
done, yet fell upon the same way, and agreed on Articles to the same
purpose and of the same Sense and Importance as ours were ; of
which Mr. Richard Gilpin (one of them, a worthy faithful Minister)
sent me word, when he saw our Articles in print; and they also
printed theirs (to save the writing of many Copies and to excite others
to the same way) and they found the same readiness to Union among
the Brethren as we had done.'
In the letter also of these Associated Ministers to
Richard Baxter, dated September 1st, 1653, addressed
from Penrith, they say : —
Whatever Advantage others may reap by your Endeavours we are
sure the Advantage that we have by them is double. We, before we
had heard of your Book, had undertaken a Work of the like nature;
Several of us meeting together to consult about managing the Lord's
Work in our Hands, were convinced that for Reformation of our
People, more ought to be done by us than bare Preaching, a brotherly
Association of Ministers appeared to be the likliest course for the
attainment of our Desires, and accordingly was resolved on : And
because we knew that many of our Brethren in the Ministry differed
from us, we resolved to draw up severall Proposals wherein we and
they by a mutual Condescention might agree as Brethren in Love
and Peace to carry on the same Work, and therefore required nothing
of them but what we proved by the Confessions of the Congregational
Brethren (their own Party) to be of less Moment, and not of absolute
Necessity. Wherein (we urged) they might and ought to yield for
the Churches Peace : but our Endeavours to gain them were frustrated,
1. Rel. Bax., p. 162.
The Association Movement 89
they were so resolved that they would not so much as read our
Proposals and Reasons. We therefore set about the Work ourselves,
and made some Progress in it; by this time we began to feel what
we expected at the first setting out, viz. the Rage and Malice of
wicked men vented in Railings and Slanders on the cme hand and
bitter Censures and Suspicions of the Brethren on the other- In the
midst of all this we received your Book as a seasonable Refreshment ;
Our Hands were much strengthened by it ; it was a great Encourage-
ment to us, to see that other godly and learned Men had walked much
what in the same Steps, and had pleaded our Cause almost by the
same Arguments wherewith we endeavoured to strengthen it.'
To the same effect their statement in " Explication." ^
The publication of the Worcestershire Agreement
appears to have given encouragement and stimulus to the
Cumbrian brethren, but the independent origin of their
Association is beyond question.
The letter just referred to, which deals with a number
of points in the Worcestershire Agreement upon which
the writers desired fuller light, is signed by : —
" E-i. Gilpin, Pastor at Graystock.
John Makmillane, Pastor at Odenhall [Edenhall].
Roger Baldwin, Minister of Penrith.
John Billingsley, Minister at Addingham.
Elisha Bourne, Minister at Skelton.
John Jackson, Pastor of Hutton.
Thomas Turner, Preacher of the Gospel." 3
From the signatures it would appear that some, at least,
of the brethren of the " Congregational way " still stood
aloof from the movement, though shortly after they joined
it. George Larkham preached before the Ministers
assembled at Cockermouth on May 10th, 1654, and he
addressed them as " Reverend and Honoured Brethren in
the Ministry, and you, my neighbours and friends." *
On the 12th of August, 1656, they published their
"Agreement with something for Explication and Exhorta-
1. Rel. Bax., pp. 162, 163.
2. Vide p. 97.
3. Rel. Bax., pp. 163-4.
4. Lewis's Hist., p. 164.
90 The Ejected of 1662
tion annexed." As this pamphlet is extremely rare ^ and
most important as a study of the Association movement
and the spirit of the men who were its leaders, consider-
able extracts are here appended : —
The
AGREEMENT
of the
Associated
Ministers and Chueches
of the
COUNTIES
of
Cumberland
and
Westmorland,
With something for
Explication and Exhortation
Annexed.
Texts. 1 Cor. 1, 10, 11, 12, 13.
1 Cor. 3, 3, 4.
Rom. 14, 19.
Phil. 2, 4.
Rom. 16, 17, 18.
London, Printed by T. L. for Simon Waterson and are sold at the
sign of the Globe in PauTs Church-yard, and by Richard Scot, Book-
seller in Carlisle, 1656.
PROPOSITIONS Agreed upom by the
Associated Ministers
* of the
Counties of
Cumberland and WAstmorland.
1. That in the exercise of Discipline, it is not only the most safe
course, but also most conducing to brotherly union and satisfaction.
That particular Churches carry on as much of their work with joynt
and mutual assistajice, as they can with conveniency and edification,
and as little as may be in their actings, to stajid distinctly by
themselves and apart from each other.
2. That in matters of Church Discipline, those things which belong
onely ad melivs esse, ought to be laid aside, both in respect of
publication ajid practice, rather then that the Churches peace should
. be hindered.
1. A copy is in the Jackson Library, Carlisle, and another in the
British Museum.
The Association Movement 91
3. That where different principles lead to the same practice,
wee may joyn together in that practice, reserving to each of us our
own principles.
4. That where we can neither agree in principle nor in practice, we
are to bear with one another's differences that are of a less and
desputable nature, without making them a ground of division amongst
us. Yet notwithstanding, we do not hereby binde up our selves from
endeavouring to inform one another in those things wherein we differ,
so that it be done with a spirit of love and meekness, and with
resolutions to continue our brotherly Amity and Association, though
in those particulars our differences should remain uncomposed.
Taking these four general principles as " a Basis and
Foundation " tliey resolve upon a number of particulars
thus : —
1. To endeavour the discharge of our duty and trust herein, un-
reservedly, and with all faithfulness, to the utmost of our power,
though hereby we hazard reproach, revilings, contempts, injuries,
loss of friends, and maintenance, or what so ever else may be dear to
us.
2. To observe the temper, disposition, and capacity of the gener-
ality of the people, and to suit ourselves not onely in our matter
to the people's conditions, but also in our expressions to the people's
apprehensions, that so our sermons may be plain, peercing, seasonable,
and profitable.
3. To reprove the sins that most abound in our people, to convince
men of their carnal security, to discover the rotten and deceitful
props on which it is built.
4. To lay out ourselves in keeping Lectures (as the seasons of the
year will permit) wherein we will more especially have regard to
those places that are destitute of preaching.
5. To Catechise and instruct the people committed to us, making
use of the Assemblies larger and shorter Catechism.
6. Besides the work of publike preaching, and catechising, to
instruct them privately from house to house.
7. To be as diligent in visiting the sick and afflicted, as other
labours, greatness of our charge, and ability to go abroad will suffer
us ; and that not only the rich, and those that desire us, but also the
poor and those that send not for us.
8. In our Society, as well as in dispencing of Ordinances, to put a
difference between the precious and the vile.
9. To reprove the Sins of Sabbath breaking. Swearing, Fornication
and Drunkenness in publike and private, and endeavour to bring
such Offenders to the punishment of the Law, in those cases provided.
92 The Ejected of 1662
10. To instruct our people publikely, Concerning the nature of the
discipline of Christ and press the necessity of their submission to it,
according to the Rule of Scripture.
11. Because temptations to Apostacie and backslidings from the
faith are strong and frequent and our hearts are so ready to start
aside from the Power of Discipline to require from our people an
Assent to the Truths of Christ (contained in a short Confession of
Faith hereunto Annexed) and a Profession of their consent to submit
unto, and accept of the terms of the Covenant of Grace, and to
submit to Discipline and Government.
Yet
(1) We resolve not to satisfie our selves with the bare recital and
repetition of the words of the Profession &c. but to make the people
not onely profess with the Understanding but (so far as we can)
with feeling Apprehensions of what they speak.
(2) Neither do we intend strictly to bind all to the same circum-
stances of professing their Consent, but (if any professing and
owning the substance) shall scruple at any particular circumstance,
we resolve to use towards such all possible meekness and condiscention.
12. We resolve to require an unblameable Conversatiooi in all those
whom we shall admit to the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper.
13. In judging and determining of peoples present fitness for that
Sacrament, we resolve to set before us these following Rules, both in
point of Knowledge and Scandal : —
In point of Knowledge.
(1) Resolve not to admit to the Sacraments of the Supper persons
with a total ignorance of the Fundamentals of Religion.
(2) Not to reject as ignorant any that have a Competent Knowledge
of certain heads of Devinity specified.
(3) Must not expect from the ordinary sort of people (who through
want of breeding, and other natural defects, are usually unable well
to express their minds) a distinct or continued discourse of these
things, and therefore we shall be satisfyed if we can but perceive
that they understand the substance.
(4) Must take care not to make a Question more difficult by our
dark and cloudy Expressions ; but must endeavor to propound things
in the plainest terms we can.
(5) Though we may propound higher and more difiicult Questions
for discovery of and provocation to growth in Knowledge ; yet wil
always (as neer as we can) make their Knowlege or Ignorance in
the points mentioned, the rule of our discerning determination.
(6) In case any give not that satisfaction we desire, we will
endeavour to discover whether it be from unacquaintedness with the
terms and words of the Question, from bashfulness or shamefacedness,
from natural impediments, or from ignorance of the thing itself ; and
The Association Movement 93
accordingly we will propound the Question in other words, or fetch a
compass to see if they can take a hint from something introductory ;
however in case no satisfactory account can be given, we wil not set
the parties aside, as if we took no further care, but shall endeavour
to instruct them with all meekness and patience.
(7) Because we finde by experience, that many people speak of the
Fundamentals of Religion in a meer form of words by roat, without
understanding the sense and meaning thereof ; in propounding our
Questions we will of purpose forbear the words and method of
ordinary Catechisms.
In point of Scandal.
(1) Resolve not to receive any (of what degree, quality or relation
so ever) to this Ordinance, that can be proved to be scandalously
sinful.
(2) We resolve in matters of Scandal, not to proceed against any
according to our private satisfactions, suspitions, dis-satisfactions, or
rumours ; but according to outward, visible, and full proof of the
matter of fact.
(3) Resolve to distinguish betwixt Sin and Sin; wherein that we
may proceed both more unanimously and safely, we shall take the
Assemblies direction for our rule, looking upon those Sins mentioned
by them in the form of Church Government as scandalous, though but
once committed [Sins quoted].
(4) Much tenderness to be used in judging of less sins that have
more than ordinary advantage against men by sudden surprisal, as
Passion, the outbreaking of sins formerly customary ordinary failings,
as Debt, &c.
(5) In less sins resolve to have regard to the constant tenure of
the parties life and carriage, whether ordinarily otherwise strict or
careless, to the provocation, &c.
(6) The party offending upon Reproof manifesting repentance ought
to be received again.
(7) The party professing repentance returning to the same sin
once and again; or to any other scandalous sin, though again
professing repentance readmission deferred until we have trial of his
reformation for some competent time.
(8) That brotherly inspection may not degenerate into an unbrotherly
prying into, and discovering of other men's actions ; and generally for
the avoiding of disorder, and other inconveniences, we resolve not to
encourage any private Christian, immediately to acquaint the Church
with the private failings of a brother, till he have first admonished
him privately, and (in case he hearken not) before witnesses, and
when the fruitlessness of these endeavours shall necessitate the
publication of the Fact, yet will we not Countenance the bringing of
94 The Ejected of 1662
the matter before the Congregation until the Church officers be first
acquainted with it.
(9) Forasmuch as in the business of scandal it is unreasonable and
uncharitable to rake up against men old offences of any considerable
distance from the time present; and because in some cases it will be
necessary to require some testimony of humiliation, even for sins of
ancient date ; and in regard we cannot punctually determine how far
back into the time past we may look for laying scandals to men's
charges ; therefore we resolve to proceed warily in such cases, and
not to do anything without the advice of the Association.
(10) We shall do the like in those sins that render men obnoxious
to the Law, either in regard of life, liberty or estates, as also ia any
other case not foreseen, or provided for, in the foregoing rules.
14. Agree not to press a declaration of the time and manner of the
work of grace upon the people, as a necessary proof of their actual
present right to the Lord's Supper nor to exclude persons merely for
want of that, yet will we accept it, if freely offered.
15. Agree not to rest satisfyed with bare exclusion of an obstinate
scandalous sinner from the Sacrament of the Supper, but to prosecute
the rule of Christ. Matt., 18. 17.
16. Because members living much distant from their Pastors, and
from one another, must unavoidably be (in great part) deprived of
the priviledge, and come short of the duty, both of constant inspection
and mutual edefication ; and also for the preventing of disorders and
offences, both in Ministers and people, we agree. That we will not
admit into any of our churches, those that live in other Congregations,
except. They have no Minister at all, or have one that is scandalous, or
one that hath not competent abilities for the work of the Ministry.
Yet
(1) In case afterwards a godly able Minister be established where
was none, or such as were scandalous and unfit ; we will seriously
advise those whom in the cases aforesaid we have admitted, to joyn
themselves to that Minister.
(2) Resolve to consult with the Association concerning the justness
or un justness of exceptions in point of scandal, or enabilitie of
Ministers, made by those that desire to be entertained in other
Congregations, because we conceive that neither the people that desire
to depart from such Ministers, nor the Ministers with whom they
desire to joyne are competent judges in such an interested case; yet
if the Exceptions be such as are approved of by the Association, we
conceive it fittest for the Reasons above said, that they joyne them-
selves to the neerest Congregation, where a godly and able Minister is
setled.
(3) We do not intend hereby to debar people from occasional hearing
of other Ministers or from the occasional partaking of other Ordin-
The Association Movement 95
ances in another Congregation, so that this liberty be not used to the
apparent prejudice of the Ministry and Discipline of their own
Congregation.
17. When a INIinister is to be ordained unto a Congregation agree
that godly and able Ministers of neighbor Congregations be called to
be employed in the examination and trial of the fitness of the party
to be set apart tc that weighty Office, and in the Act of Ordination.
18. Though we differ abcut the first subject of the power of the
Keys, yet forasmuch as we all agree, that the affairs of the Church
are to be managed by the officers thereof, therefore we conclude that
the examination and determination of things in cases of admission and
rejections, and other church acts, shall be permitted by the Officers ;
yet so that the people have notice of what they resolve and conclude
upon, in matters of moment that in case any thing be done against
which the people may (upon probable grounds at least) object from the
word of God, it may either be forborne, or their satisfaction en-
deavoured.
19. And forasmuch as we cannot all proceed according to the
ordinary rules in managing of the affairs of our particular Congrega-
tions, through the want of fit persons to be made church-officers, and
for other causes ; therefore we resolve by our mutual assistance to
supply the want, because we may have (according to Scripture
warrant) recourse to an extraordinary expedient, the ordinary rule
failing, and because this seems to us to come neerest the ordinary
rule.
Yet
(1) Intend not this to be perpetual, but only during the present
want, and in order to the setling of our Churches according to the
rules of the Gospel.
(2) Neither intend we hereby, to put into any Ministers hand, a
superior power over his Brethren.
(3) Nor would we be understood as making our many Churches to
be but one particular Church, or giving the Pastor of one Church a
true Pastoral! power and charge over other Churches.
20. Albeit we differ as to the power of associated Churches over
particular Congregations ; yet we agree that it is not only lawful
and useful, but in many cases necessary that several churches should
hold communion and correspondency together ; and to that end we
resolve to associate our selves, and to keep frequent meetings for
mutual advice and help, as occasion shall require.
21. We take our selves and our churches bound to follow whatso-
ever advice, direction or reproof (being agreeable to the word) any of
us shall receive from the Brethren in association with us.
22. And in case it should so fall out, that our brethren in
asBociatioin should advise that which might seem less convenient in the
96 The Ejected of 1662
judgement of the Parties immediately and specially concerned, in the
advice or reproof, or to the particular apprehensions of any other of
us (it being of less moment, and not apparently contrary to Scripture)
then we resolve to submit to it rather then to endanger the peace of
the churches and to become examples and encouragers of disorder by
our dissent and refusal.
23. Particularly, Forasmuch as the censure of excommunication is
of great weight and concernment, wherein we are sure we can never
be too circumspect and careful therefore we resolve, first to advise with
the association, before we proceed by that sentence to cast any out of
our particular churches : and whosoever shall thus be cast out of one
Church, wee wil repute him equally cast out of all, and avoid
communion with him accordingly.
24. If it should so fall out, that any Minister or particular church,
should obstinately and wilfully, after many endeavours, and much
waiting, reject the direction and Counsel of the association, in things
apparently agreeable to the word of Grod, then we resolve to draw
the right hand of fellowship from such Minister or church.
25. For the better carrying on of our intended association we
resolve : —
(1) To divide ourselves into three associations, Carlisle, Penrith
and Cockermouth, meet once a moneth, more or less as occasion shall
require, and the major part of the association shall think fit; yet in
this we do not intend to exclude any Minister (not being scandalous)
from any of the associations, that will be pleased to take the paijis to
be present there, nor yet the Ministers of other Counties that shall
desire to joyne with any of them.
(2) At these meetings shall hear and determine things of common
concernment, endeavour to resolve doubts, compose differences, con-
sider the justness & weight of the grounds and reasons of Ministers
removal from any place, when such cases shall fall out, Counsell and
advise above special emergencies that may happen to our Ministry
or Congregations in part.
(3) Kesolve to hear impartially complaints made against any Minister
in association with us.
(4) Eesolve sometimes to meet all together, especially when there
shall fall out any thing of more extraordinary and publike nature or
difficulty, which cannot be easily and satisfactorily decided in any of
our particular associations.
(5) If any that shall offer to joyne with us in our associatioin, lie
under the common repute of scandal, then we will deferr his admission
till he have cleared himself, or otherwise given satisfaction ; and for
the prevention of offences, we resolve not to admit any into our
associations without the consent of the whole or major part of them.
I
The Association Movement 97
(6) Lastly, we will endeavour a closure of affection, as well as
judgement and practise, and to that end we resolve, wholly to lay
aside, and bury all names and terms of difference, to carry our selves
each to other as brethren, forbearing (as much as we can) whatsoever
might, either in word or action, occasion mis-reports and offences, or
raise up grounds of iealousie an4 exception one against another.
Omnibus hisce
Consentimus.
The Ministers of Westmerland gave their Coaisent in these words :
We whose Names are here under-written, do subscribe to the fore-
m,entioned Propositions, except what concerns the County of Cumberland
in particular
[Unfortunately no names appear in printed copies.]
This is followed by : The Confession of Faith, and then
covaesihe^^Ex'plication of some of the foTTner Propositions,"
which is addressed : —
TO ALL
That profess the Name of the
LOKD JESUS
IN THE
COUNTIES
OF
Cumberland, and Westmerland,
BOTH
Magistrates, and People.
The Explication occupies about two thirds of the
document, and is especially interesting because it throws
light upon the origin of the movement, the difficulties
which had to be confronted, and the stages by which
ultimate success was achieved. In particular, it shows
that so far from the movement being due to the "pressure"
of the Quaker incursion, as contended by Dr. Wilson,
that was the very thing which " beat " the men off from
their purpose and " forced them to lay other things aside
to quench those flames." Thus they write: —
We who have engaged our selves in this undertaking, have (we
hope) thoroughly considered, what in all probability it may cost us,
that while we look for reproach & contradiction which yet we would
not willingly finde, our opposers may find that undaunted courage in
our prosecution of this work which they would not readily have
looked for.
H
98 The Ejected of 1662
The great distance of this from the first undertaking, and Report
of our Agreement, doth necessarily draw forth this brief Account of
its Birth and Progress. About three yeers ago some of us joyned
together in an Expedient much of this nature, which we propounded to
some of our Brethren of different perswasions in these things, but it
took not; whereupon we resolved to prosecute it among our selves,
and made some Progress in it : At which time Worcestershire Asso-
ciation, with Mr. Baxter's Explication, came forth. Upon this we
began to conceive more probability of some reconciliation (at least) of
different judgements, in matters of Church Government, then formerly,
because we hoped the prejudice which possibly might arise from our
single attempt (in a business of that nature) would be much removed,
when they saw we were not alone, and that the way was led by
others of so much worth and ability ; we therefore resolved to take
up our former design again and to propound it to the whole Ministry
of the County in general. To that end several Meetings were desired,
and at last we agreed in these following Propositions, which were
cheerfully subscribed by several, both of the Presbyterian, and
Congregational Judgement. During the agitation of these things, some
of us were much affected to observe :
1. The Assent of men both able and judicious, and such as had
throughly studyed the Congregational way, and from whom (in
probability) opposition might have been expected, in case these things
had been inconsistent with these Principles.
2. That Prejudice (which like a hateful Monster, empoysons the
best things, seeks Fuel from its own ignorance and blindness, and
from the very distance which it self caused, like a Fiery Oven devours
all that's cast into it, and musters up all the Passions to fight against
it knows not what) hath the greatest hand in hindering the Unity
and Concord of Brethren.
3. That the best way to cure it, is friendly and brotherly debates,
especially after it hath tyred it self with its own Activity, and
evaporated something of its Fury.
4. That the Churches Peace (if by all parties seriously laid to
heart) is a very forceable medicine to infer a conclusion to Unity.
Yet all was not done when we had proceeded thus far : Action (the
life of all) was yet behinde ; Satan is enraged (and surely that must
needs be good which he so furiously opposeth) and endeavours to
stifHe it in the birth to effect which he desgorgeth from his hateful
stomack a swarm of Quakers ; these at that very time, wheoi all things
were ready for practice, came upon us like a furious Torrent; all is
on fire on the sudden, many are unsetled, the foundations shaken, and
some apostatize ; here we are beaten off, and are forced to lay other
things aside, that we might more fully binde our selves to quench
The Association Movement 99
these flames. After a while this storm abates, and we begin to think
of our former work.
But the last Parliament was then sitting, and because something
of that nature was expected from them, it was advised we should
yet a little forbear, till we might see the issue. The Parliament
being ended, we encountered with an other Demurrer which was this :
The providence of God so ordered things, that many Ministers in this
County were unfixed, supposed they should be necessitated to remove ;
and several did remove to other Counties, so that we were again
forced to let all alone, expecting what way things would be cast.
And now all these things being over, we have once more re-assumed
our ancient Resolutions, casting our selves upon the Lord, and looking
up to him for asistance that things concerning his Honor and House,
with so much difficulty now brought to the birth, may not miscarry-
When these were now ready it pleased the Lord to give us this
encouragement; Our Brethren, the Ministers of our neighbor- County
of W estmerland , desired of us a Copy of our Propositions and
Confession ; and after they had among themselves considered and
debated them, they signified to us their free consent to all, except
what concerned the County of Cumberland in particular.
It will not be requisite to speak much in Explanation or Vindication
of what we propose ; because in most things it is fully done to our
hands, by Judicious and Learned Mr. Baxter in his Explication of
the Worcestershire Association, unto which we refer you for satis-
faccion, whiles we give a brief touch upon something in the general.
L Know that several things, as to Method, Phrase, and Omissions,
(which those that are versed in the Controversies about Government,
will readily observe) were not done altogether upon neglect or
madvertency, but on design.
2. That these were not calculated for every Meridian; we were
forced to have an eye to the general temper of our people, as well
as the differing Judgements of one another. And therefore let it not
be blamed, if it be found not suitable in all things to other places.
3. Let it be carryed in your minde all along, That through the
contexture of the whole work, our Debates were, what we ought to
do for the Churches peace, and not what each of us might do,
according to the latitude and utmost extent of the usual practice of
different judgements.
4. In all this Agreement there are no Principles broken on either
side; and nothing condescended unto by any, which hath not the
subscription and assent of eminent men in both parties in their
writings- The chief Corner-Stones of this Fabrick, are four, which
present themselves in the entrance, whereof the first and last Pro-
positions neither fear opposition, nor require explication ; if any should
loo The Ejected of 1662
question them, such evidence and general acception doth accompany
them that they will finde advocates in every place.
It is repeatedly contended in this Explication that no
" Presbyterian principle " is crossed by any " Proposition " ;
and that there is no need to take exception " against the
condescention of our brethren of the Congregational
judgement " in relation to others ; that it was a case of
running up " severall lines " and all meeting " in the
same point." Whether that is really so need not now be
considered, the important point is that it was an "Agree-
ment," in the production of which each party had
accommodated itself to the other for the " Churches
peace." The " Explication " ends with an " Exhortation
to all that love the Lord Jesus " ; and its spirit may be
gauged from the following : —
Shall the Presbyterian and Congregational Brethren stand at a
distance still ? then they mutually hinder one anothers work, and
betwixt them endanger the interest of the Gospel : Would you have
either of them to drive on their way to the overthrow of the other?
that's unchristian, unbrotherly, unmerciful : Is there hope of con-
vincing each other, and so of one party to come over to the other?
that's not to be expected. Is there a probability of union of affection
while the difference stands as wide as before ? Experience teacheth
the contrary ; alienation of affection is the onely issue of different
judgement and practice. What other thing then can be thought of,
besides mutual condescention in less things? And if both parties
would but stand to what hath been written on either side and improve
their mutual concessions, the composure of the difference would in a
great part be effected. And as for the remaining differences, if they
were put to this issue. How far we ought to yeeld for peace? it would
(through God's blessing) be quickly compleated.
Time did more for ■ those " Unionists " than was
anticipated ; the " unexpected " happened ; the fusing
process already begun continued ; the one party did pass
over to the other ; in point of fact, the Congregational rod
swallowed up the Presbyterian.
An interesting echo of the past appears in the following,
which also further illustrates the spirit of the men who
were behind this movement : —
Some (it may be) think an utter refusal of peace with the Presby-
terians is but a just requital of that rigour and harshness which they
The Association Movement loi
used to others when they had the chair. We do not justifie the
failings and irregularities of any ; all parties (we think) have too
much cause to acknowledge themselves guilty before the Lord, and to
be humbled : but if any make this a ground of distance, let him call
to minde that, in so doing, he becomes guilty of that which he
condemns in them : Nay, let him know, that whatever were the •
miscarriages of some particular men at that time, yet the Assembly
were even then no less desirous of concord with the dissenting
Brethren, then others are at this present : They that will read the
papers of Accommodation annexed to the Reasons of the dissenting
Brethren may sufficiently satisfie themselves in this.
One jarring note only will be heard in the document,
and it is near the end, where reference is made to the
Quaker movement. Its presence there is of the highest
significance; it shows how men peacefully disposed
regarded that movement. To them it appeared as the
swpreTnum Tnalum. The Quaker movement sought no
quarter at their hands ; it gave them none ; and they
gave none to it.
As for the quakers, one would think their actions and principles
would make a man that had any of common reason left to abominate
and abhor them : Sure we are, the prevalency of that madness is not
from any strength of rational, or scriptural satisfaction, (we have
seen many strongly and passionately possessed with that, who yet
neither understood it, nor could give a reason for it) but prove an
€V€pyia TrX.avr]s the efftcacie and strength of deluswn, through divine
judgement upon them : Shall we need to put you in minde of that
which your selves know so well, and are eye and ear witnesses of, as
well as we ? How visible is the devils foot in the beastly nakedness
of men and women in our Assemblies : In what a strange unchristian
temper of railing, reviling, censuring, and lying do they appear in
publike, insomuch that a Scold with a stentorian voice is the fittest
Antagonist to undertake a dispute with them. What gross principles
do they maintain ? as of setting up their Conceits and Experiences,
as being of equal authority with the Scriptures; and that the
Scripture bindes not them, if not set on their hearts by a present
impulse : Their denying interpretations of Scripture, under the name
of Meanings and Additions : Their following the Light within : Their
pleading for a necessity of being saved, as Adam should have been,
by an absolute perfection : Their grievous conceits concerning Christ,
to the subverting of the Doctrine of his Nature, offices and satisfac-
cion : Their neglect and demise of the observation of the Lord's Day
I02 The Ejected of 1662
and Ordinances as Baptism, and the Lord's Supper &c. We might
tell you of their ridiculous interpretation of Scripture (interpretation
of Scripture is a fault in other men, but none in them) of their
placing their religion in trivial things, as Thou-ing, and keeping on
the hat, when yet the weightier matters of commumion with God are
neglected. As also we might reckon up their self-contradictions, their
ignorant and sottish conceits about the unlawfulness of using words
which the Scripture useth not (as Trinity, Sacrament, &c.) or habits
which the Scripture speaks not of, when yet they cannot excuse
themselves from what they condemn in others; neither is it to be
forgotten that when they have stuffed a paper as full of lying and
nonsense as it can hold, (and we have many of them in our hands)
they blush not to father all upon the Spirit of God. Consider we
pray you the case of those that have been entangled, and yet are
pluck'd out as a brand out of the fire- Consider the relation of John
Gilping well, (you see what pitiful shifts they are put to, when they
would seem to say something in answer to it) observe what a
favourable aspect all their opinions have to Popery, and how visibly
those poor creatures are acted by the Jesuits as by the relation of
the man of Bristol, and others, it appears. What progress in grace,
and tnie religious walking can you observe in them since their
Apostasie? Where is now their constant Family and private prayers?
Where is that conscientious fear (which sometime they seemed to
have) of speaking evill of what they know not? Lastly, Doth not all
that they say against us (under the reviling terms Baals Priests, or
Priests of the World) strike also against all those Martyrs, which in
Queen Marie's time, and before, have laid down their lives for the
Testimony of Jesus ? Oh ! then beware, if you love your own souls :
what is there here that can be called Christian ? We could tell you
of some Christians in Cumberland, that have thought it their duty to
humble themselves solemnly before God for their inclinations this
way (when the error first appeared, and was not then well known)
and also to return thanks to God for preserving them from the
infection ; and the reasons of their dislike of the qvakers (given in
writing) were most of these that we have hinted to you. 'Tis good
to learn the danger of the snare from other men's dear-bought
experience. Mark therefore them, which cause divisions and offences,
contrary to the doctrine which yee have learned and avoid them: For
they that are such serve not the Lord Jesus but their own belly,
Eom. 16. 17. We shall conclude this with that of 1 Tim. 6. 3. 4. 5.
If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words
even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which
is according to godliness, he is proud, knowing nothing <kc. From
such withdraw thyself.
The Association Movement 103
A further sentence says : —
These Counties of Cumberland and Westmerland have been hitherto
as a Proverb and a by-word in respect of ignorance and prophaneness ;
men were ready to say of them as the Jews of Nazareth, Can any
good thing come out of them? Let us now labour to become a
blessing and a praise, that people may say concerning us, Behold in
the Wilderness waters have broken out, and streams in the Desert;
the 'parched ground is become a pole, and the thirsty land springs of
water; it doth re Joyce and blossome as the rose.
This document thus -epitomized is in every way
remarkable. It . bears upon every line the stamp of
the highest scholarship and Christian statesmanship.
Compromise is scarcely the word to use in relation
to it, because it so often carries with it sinister
meanings; while, whatever those men surrendered,
and possibly they surrendered more than they knew,
it was for them a sacred offering on the altar
of Christian peace. The document reveals a singular
passion for the success of the Divine Kingdom. To
secure unity, and so efficiency in the Church, that it might
the better accomplish its mission, was the inspiring
motive throughout. What also impresses the reader is
the entire absence of any authoritative tone : advice,
counsel, peace, conciliation, patience and forbearance, are
the outstanding and dominant words in it. Yet further,
judged by this document, the spirit of the Association
movement was manifestly inclusive and not exclusive.
Dr. Wilson says : "All scandalous persons, such as
episcopalians, papists, and quakers were rigidly excluded
from the Association till they had publicly recanted their
errors." There is not the slightest warrant for any such
statement. Papists and Quakers were obviously inelig-
ible; but the "scandalousness" which excluded referred to
moral and spiritual character, and not to denominational
sentiment and creed. There is not a sentence, or even a
word, in the whole document, which suggests that an
" Episcopalian " as such was regarded as " scandalous,"
and so debarred fellowship with the Association ; but
there is a statement to the effect that it was decided to
I04 The Ejected of 1662
propound the design in the " whole ministry of the
County in general." Episcopalians are nowhere men-
tioned by name, as are Presbyterians and Congregation-
alists, but it is practically certain that not a few joined
the Association, who, if any thing at all, were Episcop-
alian.
It will further illustrate the spirit of these Associations
if we consider for a moment the Worcestershire one.
This welcomed Episcopalians as readily as representatives
of any other denomination. Baxter says: —
In our Association in this County, though we made our Terms
large enough for all, Episcopal, Presbyterians, and Independants,
there was not one Presbyterian joyned with us that I know of (for
I knew but of one in all the County Mr. Tho. Hall) nor one
Independant, (though two or three honest ones said nothing against
us) nor one of the New Prelatical way (Dr. Hammond's) but three
or four moderate Conformists that were for the old Episcopacy ; and
all the rest were meer Catholicks ; Men of no Faction, nor siding with
any Party, but owning that which was good in all, as far as they
could discern it; and upon a Cooicord in so much, laying out them-
selves for the great Ends of their Ministry, the Peoples Edification.'
Again : —
The Ministers that thus associated were for Number, Parts and
Piety, the most considerable part of all that County, and some out of
some neighbouring Counties that were near us. There was not that I
know of, one thorough Presbyterian among them, because there was
but one such that I knew of in all the County, and he lived somewhat
remote : Nor did any Independant subscribe, save one : for there
were (that I knew of) but five or six in the County, and two of the
weightiest of them approved it in words, and the rest withdrew
from our Debates, and gave us no reason against anything proposed.
Those that did not come near us, nor concur with us, were all the
weaker sort of Ministers, whose Sufficiency or Conversation w£is
questioned by others, and knew they were of little esteem among
them, and were neither able or willing to exercise any Discipline on
their Flocks : As also some few of better parts of the Episcopal way,
who never came near us, and knew not of our Proposals, or resolved
to do nothing till they had Episcopacy restored; or such whose
Judgments esteemed such Discipline of no great necessity : And one
or two very worthy Ministers, who approved of our Agreement,
1. Rel. Bax., p. 97.
The Association Movement 105
subscribed it not, because they had a People so very Eefractory, that
they knew they were not able to bring them to submit to it. i
There is no definite information as to the extent to
which Ministers in Cumberland and Westmorland joined
the Association. It had three districts — Carlisle, Penrith
and Cockermouth, — and the District Meetings appear to
have been monthly. At a " Generall Meeting" of all the
Districts held at Keswick on May 19th, 1658, Dr. Gilpin
preached a Sermon with the following Title :
THE TEMPLE REBUILT
A DISCOURSE
on Zachary 6. 13.
Preached at a General Meeting of the ASSOCIATED MINISTERS
of the County of Cumberland at Keswick May 19.
By Richard Gilpin, Pastor of the Church at Graistock in Cumberland.
Not by Might, nor by Power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of
Hosts. Zach. 4. v. 6.
London
— by E. T. for Luke Fawne at the [Chu]rch-yard and are to be sold
at — Bookseller in Carlisle.^
On the inside page is the following : —
Wee, the Associated Ministers of the County of Cumberland, do
earnestly desire our Reverend Brother, Mr. Richard Gilpin, to Print
his Acceptable Sermon, Preached this day at our Generall Meeting.
Signed by
Ktswick in Cumberland Timothy Tullie,
May 20. 1658. Moderator Pro Temp.
John Iackson, Scribe.
The Sermon is dedicated —
To my Reverend, Peaceable and dearly Beloved Brethren, The
Associated Ministers of the County of Cumberland, and is from
Your unworthy fellow-servant,
Graistock Aug. 2. Richard Gilpin.
1658.
1. Rel. Bax., p. 148.
2. There is a copy in the Jackson Library, Carlisle. The front page
is torn a little at each comer, and some of the later pages seem to be
missing.
io6 The Ejected of 1662
The text is Zech, vi. 13, and the Sermon, which was
preached to further the interests of the Association,
should be read in conjunction with the " Agreement."
It is an interesting commentary upon it, and, while it
contains a strong plea for peace in the Church, helps to
make clear the purely voluntary character of the Associa-
tion to whose members it was delivered. In the dedication
the Preacher says : —
Among the many favours which God hath bestowed upon us and
the County where we live; this is none of the least, That God hath
poured upon us some measure of his Spirit of peace and hath blessed
us thus far in it ; the blessed fruits of Concord which we have already
tasted (if we should never see more) together with the sweetness of
the testimony of Conscience (thus far acquitting us from the guilt
of Church-Murther) are a sufficient recompence for all the trouble it
hath given us. Great are the advantages that we and our people
have from hence; united Counsels promise more safety, and justly
challenge a greater respect and reverence to our proceedings : our
joint concurrence in what we practice puts us in a better posture of
mutual communication of gifts, graces, strength and assistance (stones
in conjunction as in an arch, will support one another and bear up
the weight of the whole Fabrick, which, being divided and scattered,
they cannot do) besides, it may do much to cure that itch after
novelties, that intemperancy of roaving, doubting and scepticism in
Christians about Government, when they see their leaders unanimous
and not so wedded to their opinions as to undo the Church for
Punctilios.
The " Brethren " are urged to keep their hands to the
good work, and reference is made to some who secretly
malign, and whisper against the " peace," whose further-
ance the Association had for its "design'. "We intend
not," says the preacher, "to cut off the liberty of particular
Congregations."
It is curious to note that no attempt appears to have
been made to introduce Classical Presbyterianism into
Cumberland, though in closest proximity to Scotland,
where it was all powerful. For it ought to be made quite
clear that the Association just named was not a
Presbyterian movement. Dr. Drysdale speaks of " the
Presbyterian spirit and genius of these Associations " ; *
1. Drysdale, p. 368.
The Association Movement 107
but that tells rather against than in favour of their real
Presbyterian character. They were purely voluntary
Associations, care being taken to make it perfectly plain
that no real jurisdiction could be exercised over any one
of the Associated Churches. It was the appearance of
these Associations, which, as much as anything, checked
the growth of Classical Presbyterianism ; to their spread
must be attributed, in large measure, the decay of the
very system which it is often contended they helped to
conserve.
The Congregational Magazine for 1822,^ referring to this
Association, says : —
The Baptist brethren appear to have had the chief management of
its affairs during later times : and the late Rev. Charles Whitefield of
Hamsterly is said to "have drawn up for the Baptist Annual
Register, an accurate account of this Association from the year 1699,
consisting of above 70 close pages in 4to." See Baptist Annual
Register, Vol. I, p. 63, 1790. In the year 1798 it underwent some
alterations, and a Society was formed by the name of " The Northern
Evangelical Society for the more general diffusion of the Gospel by
itinerant preaching, in the Counties of Cumberland, Durham, North-
umberland and Westmorland." Id. iii, p. 425. This Society having
declined another was established in 1810, which has been since known
by the title of The Congregational Union isi Cumberland and West-
morland.
Only very remotely indeed can any historic continuity
be found between the Cumbrian Congregational Union of
the 19th Century and the Association of Commonwealth
times ; and the attempt to trace these connections which
are more poetic and sentimental than real, is apt to lead
to serious historic confusion. It is almost certain that
the greater part of these Associations died after the
Restoration, and that the Unions of the closing years of
the 17th Century had no connection with them, beyond
the fact that the habit of associating, which those earlier
institutions had formed, prepared the way for the more
permanent Unions of later times.
The sister County of Westmorland did proceed a stage
1. P., 714.
io8 The Ejected of 1662
farther than Cumberland in the direction of Presby-
terianism. In 1645, the Speaker of the House of
Commons was authorized to send a letter to the various
County Committees of Parliament, to ascertain how the
respective Counties could be divided for Presbyterian
purposes, and what " ministers and others were fitt to
be of each Classis." Westmorland responded early in
the following year, suggesting " that there shalbe one
Classis within the Barony of Kendall," and another " for
the bottome of Westmerland Division." This extremely
interesting and curious document, containing the names
of both Ministers and suggested Elders, is still in exist-
ence, and the following is a copy together with that of the
letter attached to it:^ —
Honorable Sr.
Wee received yor Honors lettr (dated the 22d of September last)
the 3rd of ffebruary last Wherein is required of us, with advise of
Godly Ministers to returne to yor Honor such Ministers and Elders
as are thought fitt for the Presbiteriall way of Government, (wch wee
much desire to be established) and the Severall Classes. After wee
received yor Honrs letter to that purpose (though long after the date)
wee speedily had a meeting, and upon due consideration, nominated
the Ministers and Elders which wee thought fittest (as yor Honor
may Conceive by this enclosed) for the Presbyteriall imploymint as is
desired and have devided the County of Westmerland into two
Classes. Since the expediting of this yor Honors derection ; wee
have heard of an Ordinance of Parliamt directing to the Election
of such Persons ; But as yet neither Order nor Ordinance hath come
unto us. Only yor Honors Letter is or [our] Warrant and Instruction ;
And accordingly, we make bould to send (here inclosed) the names
both of Ministers & Elders And if wee faile in the Parliaments
method in this perticular; wee shall willingly (upon yor Honrs
next direction) rectify any mistake for the present, and shalbe willing
to Submitt to yor Honors and Parliamentary directions ; which wee
shall daily expect that in whatsoever wee have missed, wee may
amend it.
Thus with or [our] Service recomended, Wee remaine
Kendall 10th Martij.
1645/6. Your Honors Servants.
Ric. Priscoe Maior.
Rich. Brainthwaite. Tho : Sleddall.
Allan Gilpin. Ger. Benson.
"Westmorland Certificate 109
Thom : Sandes. Rowland Dawson.
John Archer. Edmund Guy.
[Endorsed on the outside]
10 Martij 1645
From the Maior & Comttee at Kendall ffor the Hoble Willm
with their Classes Lenthall Esq Speaker
of the Comons house
of Parliamt.*
The Classis for the Division of the Barony of Kendall, in the
Countie of Westmerland.
It is thought Convent by us of the Comittee whose names are
Subscribed wth ye Advice of divrse godly ministrs for the
Setlemt of the Presbiterian Govermt that there shalbe one Classis
wthin the Barony of Kendall.
Mr. Henry Masy mnr of Kendall.
Elders. — Mr. Nicholas ffisher,
Capt. Roger Bateman, Mr. Gervase Benson, Mr.
Allan Gilpin, Mr. John Archer,
Mr. Thomas Sandes, William Bateman, William
Sheepherd, John Rowlandson, and
Myles Bateman, junr.
Mr. Samuell Cole, mnr. of Heuersham.
Elders. — James Bellingham, Esq. Edward Wilson, gent.
Edward Brigges, Myles Greenwood,
Willm Moone, William Rawson, and Thomas Benson.
Mr. William Cole, mnr of Kirkby Lonsdale.
Elders.— John Midleton, Esqr. Mr. Myles Mann,
Mathew Atkinson, John Garnett,
Wm. Garnett, Wm. Ward, and Edward Mansergh.
Mr. Johnson, mnr of Burton, one whoe hath formerlie Complyed wth ye
enemie, but hath since taken the Covent, and the oath of the 5th of Aprill.
Elders. — Richard Pendreth, John Cam, William Cartmell,
Robt. Claughton, George Jackson, and Richard Wright.
Mr. Moone, mnr.. of Bethome, a verie weake and unable mnr.
Elders.— Richard Sill, Roger Sill, Robt. Button,
Roger Dickinson, Rowland Crosfeild, & Nicholas Borwick.
1. Tanner MSS., vol. Ix, fol. 532, Bodl.
no The Ejected of 1662
Mr. Samuell Harison, mnr of Killington.
Elders. — James Madeson, James Aykerigg, Anthony-
Burrow, and Thomas Priccott.
Mr. Richard Archer, mnr of Winderme, lately Come from the Univsity
at Oxford. A Non covenantr and disafiected.
Elders. — George Birkett, John CoUinson,
George Browne, and Adam Birkett.
Mr. Henry Wilson, mnr of Gressmr, a notorious maUgnt, and articled
agt. at Parlt.
Elders. — Mr. Thomas Brathwt, Michaell Benson.
Edward Knott, and Francis Benson.
The Classis for the bottome of Westmerland Division
Mr. Thomas Dodson, Ministr of Ravenstondale.
Elders — Mr. Willm ffothergill, Anthony ffothergill,
Cuthbert Hunter, George ffawcett, Philip Bousfell, Ralph Milner.
Mr. George fEothergill, vicar of Orton.
Elders. — Mr. Bryom Berkbecke, Mr. George Bindlass,
John Thornborrow, Thomas Vv harton, Robt. Sharpe, Edward Berkbecke.
Mr. Joseph Bousfell, ministr of Crosby Garratt.
Elders. — Himiphrey Bell, James Richardson,
Thomas Robinson, James Richardson.
Vacancy of Kirkby Stephen.
Elders — Mr. John Covell, Mr. Robt. Scaife, John Bracken,
Christopher Hindmer, Peter Wharton, Rowland Shaw.
Mr. Willm. Richardson, vicar of Brough, a non covenantr, & disaffected.
Elders. — Mr. Thomas Ewbanke, John Munkhouse,
Robt. Wardell, George ffothergill, Rogr. Nicholson.
Mr. Willm. Curwen, vicar of Crosby Ravenswath.
Elders. — Mr. Miles Berkbecke,
Thomas Robinson, James Salkeld.
Dr. Dawes, Ministr of Barton & Parson of Asby, a- pluralist, & Mr.
Thomas ffawcett, curate, of Asby.
Elders for Asby par. — Allan Bellingham, Esq.
Mr. James Bellingham, James Wilson, Anthony Parkin,
Willm. Richardson.
"Westmorland Certificate 1 1 1
Mr. Robt. Simpson, parson of Ormeside, Vicar of Bongate, a non
coventantr & a pluralist.
Elders for Ormeside par — Willm. Outhwaite, Henry ffawcett.
Mr. Thomas [John] Vaux, Parson of Musgrave, a non covenantr &
disaffected.
Elders. — Thomas Hall, Thomas Breake, Richard ffenton.
Mr. Edward Mowson, Vicar of Warcop p [arish].
Elders. — Johe Scaife, Bartholomew Scaife, John Tompson.
Mr. Richard Burton, parson of Dufton, a pluralist.
[" Elders " wanting]. — Mr. John Hewetson,
Christopher Elwood, John ffurnace, Tho. Walton.
Mr. Henry Hutton, parson of Long Marton, a Non covenantr and
disaffected.
Elders. — Richard Pearson, John Blamire, Robt. Richardson.
Mr. Lancelot Lowther, parson of Kirkbythuer, a Malignant &
pluralist lately come from ye Kings Quarters.
Elders. — Heugh Lawson, Mr. John Hall.
Mr. Alexander Bate, ministr of Milburne.
Elders — Sir Richard Sandford, Kt., Mr. Thomas Harrison.
Mr. John Moreland, Minister of Nev«rbiggin, a non covenantr.
Elders. — Henry Thompson, Thomas Gaskin.
Mr. Thomas Robinson, minister of Browham.
Elders. — Thomas Winter, George Birkbecke.
Mr. John Winter, minister of Clifton, one who formly complyed wth
the Enemy, but since taken ye Covent.
Elders. — John Wilkinson, Thomas Dawson.
Mr. Timothy Tully, Minister of Cliburne, a non Covenantr and
disaffected, but hath taken ye oath of ye 5th of Aprill.
Elders. — Willm. Cowp, Stephen Robinson, Henry Cliburne.
Mr. Willm. Hall, minister of Moreland, formly complyed wth the
Enemie, but since taken the Covenat.
Elders.— Mr. John Moreland, Mr. Wilhn. Bland,
Mr. John ffallowfeild, James Webster, Junior.
112 The Ejected of 1662
Mr. John Teasdall, parson of Lowther.
Elders. — Mr. Christopher Teasdale.
Edward Birbecke, Robt. Hudson.
Doctr. Dawes, Minister of Barton, ut supra.
Elders. — Willm. Lancaster, Willm. Smith, John Harrison, Thomas
Browne.
Mr. Lancelot Hutchinson, minister of Askam, hath formly complyed
wth the Enemie, but since taken the Covenant.
Elders. — Thomas CoUinson, Edward Lancaster,
John Strafford, Henry Winder.
Mr. Matthew Wilkinson, minister of Bampton.
Elders. — Mr. John Bradely, Thomas Jackson, Senr.
Thomas Jackson, Jun., Thomas Murthwait.
Mr. John Dalton, minister of Shap p-CarishJ.
Elders. — John Barwicke, John Robinson.
Thomas Whinfell, John Langhome.
Mr. Robt. Simpson, Minister of Bongate, a non covenantr& a pluralist.
ut supra.
Elders. — Lancelot Machell, Esqr., Mr. John Lowson.
Reginald Leigh, Anthony Harrison.
Mr. Edward Guy, Minister of Appleby, a non covenanfcr.
Elders. — Mr. Richard Branthwaite, Mr. Edmond Guy,
Mr. Thomas Yaire, Robt. Nanson,
John Smith, Jan., Willm. Shepheard.
[Endorsed] — Names of the Classis in ye Barony of Kendall in ye
County of Westmrland.^
A glance at the ministerial names in this document,
with the comments appended in each case, will show how
remote was the chance of success for anything in the
nature of real Presbyterianism in Westmorland, even had
it been adopted. The Masy Letters ^ are even more
decisive evidence still. The writer, who possibly had
much to do with the construction of the scheme, inces-
1. Tanner MSS., vol. Ix, fols. 526-7.
2. Vide p. 879.
Conventicles 1 1 3
santly bewails the lack of some such Church system, and
describes the district as " rotten " because there was so
little of the Presbyterian sentiment in it. The plan,
however, never was adopted, it remained a purely paper
one; the simple fact is that in this area organized
Presbyterianism never obtained footing.
The repressive legislation, to which the Uniformity
Act was a kind of prelude, did not put an end to
Nonconformity. Meetings were held in secret places,
" Conventicles," they were called ; and these illicit
gatherings were a constant source of trouble and anxiety
to the authorities. The State Papers for this period
throw a strong, clear light upon the hysterical condition
of the time. Rumours of plots occasioned by the gather-
ings of the people in secret places played havoc with the
excited imagination of the authorities. Sir Philip
Musgrave, writing to Sir Joseph Williamson, on January
loth, 1662-3, says: —
The nonconformists have never been so public and impudent in their
meetings since they had a king. There are rumours that the writer
is turned out as governor [of Carlisle] and a Papist put in his place.
Sir George Fletcher has oflered to the King to defend the place at a
less charge.'
Writing again to Williamson from his home at Eden-
hall, on October 26th, 1663, he says: —
Traced the plotters in Westmoreland, on October 12th, to their
meeting place. They said Lord Fairfax would lead them, with a
considerable party and the soldiers sent to Portugal; and that their
friends in Scotland and Cumberland were in arms. Some are now in
Appleby Gaol. Capt. Atkinson, their principal man, formerly a
pretended intelligencer, is secured. Hearing of the stir in Yorkshire
went, although ill, to Appleby, to take examinations and view the
trained bands. Sir Pat. Curwen has behaved very handsomely ; does
not draw well with the other [deputy lieutenants,]'.*
The following is from the pen of Sir Daniel Fleming
1. Cal. S. p. Dom., 1663-4, p. 10.
2. Ibid., p. 315. \
114 ^li^ Ejected of 1662
of E-ydal Hall, to Sir Joseph Williamson, and it is
particularly interesting on many accounts : —
Kendall, Nov, 14, '63.
Sr.
You should have had a returne long ere this of my thankfuUness for
your many favours at my last beeing in Towne, had I not been very
loath to have given you such a trouble amongst your more weigty
affaires ; Knowing very well, yt such Trash should not take up any
of your time, wch is alwayes imployed to a much better purpose ;
And since I have hitherto been so spareing, I hope you'l now pardon
ye trouble here brought you ; ye rather since its omely an Act of my
duty to give you some Account of our Actings in this part of ye
Countrey, (beeing a stranger unto Sr Henry Bennet, who now supplyes
ye place of our Lord Lieutenant for Westmerland) yt you may
comunicate so much thereof, as you shall see cause. I need not tell
you, yt this Country is divided into two (almost) equall parts (viz.
Kendall Barony & ye Bottome of Westmerland) & yt in almost all
things wee act severally, being divided by great mountanes, & yt in
ye former there's no Deputy-Lieutenants resident, save Mr. Alan
Bellingham & my selfe, nor need I acquaint you with ye pticulars of
ye Deputy Lieutenants proceeding in ye Bottome agt Captaine Atkinson
& ye rest of ye Plotters there ; since I am confident you know ye same
already much better then I am able to informe you : But as to
what hath been acted since in this Countrey I shall make bold to
give you some account, ye same phaps haveing not yet arrived at
your hand. The last week Mr. Bellingham & I received an intimation
from Sr Philip Musgrave, that Captaine Atkinson (who not long since
escaped out of Appleby) together with some other desperate disaffected
psons (some of whom Sr Philip presumed to live here in ye Barony)
had a designe for another riseing shortly & to release all ye Plotters
imprisoned at Appleby before ye 11th instant & to revenge himself e
upon some pticuler gentlemen ; whereupon wee forth with raised all
our Train — hand-foot, who very chearfully & well appointed mett
us at Kendall upon Munday last, where I kept them upon strict duty
for three dayes till I heard from Sr Philip and Sr Geo. Fletcher,
yt ye designe was quashed for ye present. Mr. Bellingham and I then
secured about twenty psons, who had been Captaines or other officers
agt his Majesty, ejected Ministers, leading Quakers, or other dis-
affected & suspicious psons ; all whom wee dismissed upon Wednesday
last upon good Bond, excepting one Captaine French (whom wee sent
unto Penrith with two Troups at ye instance of Sr Philip) and one
Wallis an ejected Minister whom wee (with other justices of ye
Peace sent unto Appleby, there to bee kept prisoner for three months,
upon a Certificate from ye Arch-Bishop of York in pursuance of
Captain Atkinson 1 1 5
ye late Act of Uniformity. If I may here shoot my Bolt, I think
wee are pretty secure from any danger at present, since wee have few
active psons yt are disaffected among us ; and if here shall happen
any Mischiefe, I dare say it will proceed rather from ye non-licensed
Ministers (which if ye Ordinaries will but certify, will bee quickly
made fast) of whom we have but a few ; or from ye Quakers of whom
Wee have too many, this part of ye countrey joyning upon yt pt of
Lancashire where Geo. Fox & most of his Cubbs are & have been
for a long time Kennel' d. Tho at present these psons are not much
reguarded, yet I am confident ye first reall danger wee shall bee
in will bee from them; for they are psons ye most numerous of any
one opinion yt are here agt [against] us; of ye closest correspondencies
(keeping constantly their meetings weekly within eight miles one of
another throughout all this countrey, if not england also) & they
are such yt will do mischief ye most resolutely of any, if Fox or
any other of their grand Speakers should but dictate it unto them
wch sowA of ym halfe threaten already. Sr Philip yet keepes a
guard y.^on ye Prisoners at Appleby to prevent all danger, some of
whom I heare are conveyed unto Carlile. I heare from my Brother
who is a Captaine in Lancashire under Coll : Kirkby yt all things
are quiet there onely some of them have ye same thoughts of ye
Quakers there as we have here. I will not quite weary you at ye
first, but have some mercy of you, beeing
Sr
your most affectionate
and obliged friend &
servant Dan : Fleming.
If you please at any time to honour mee with a line, direct your
Letter to bee left for mee at Kendall in Westmerland.'
There can be little doubt that some of this is very
highly coloured ; and that many of the so called plots and
intended risings were pure fictions. It was the oppor-
tunity of the informer, and he did not fail to use it; but
it serves to illustrate the excited condition of the time.
Xor were all these rumours baseless. Sir Philip
Musgrave and Sir Daniel Fleming were particularly
aggressive, and made themselves exceedingly obnoxious
to those whom they so grievously oppressed. It had
been strange, therefore, if reprisals had not been
thought of, and even attempted. Across the Tweed, this
kind of treatment was goading the Covenanters into open
1. S. P. Dom., Car. II, vol. 83, No. 98.
ii6 The Ejected of 1662
rebellion, and Imman nature is much the same every-
where. Captain Robert Atkinson already named, was no
fictitious person. His home was at Mallerstang, to the
south of Kirkby Stephen, among the wild mountain
scenery which is still rich in traditions of a romantic past.
He had served under Cromwell as Captain of Horse, and
during the Commonwealth had been most active against
the Royalists. Immensely popular in the district, he had
as colleagues in his aims Captain John Waller also of
Mallerstang, Colonel Richard Richardson of Crosby
Garrett, Thomas Fawcett of Ravenstonedale and Captain
Cuthbert Studholme of Carlisle, formerly a Parliamentary
Justice of the Peace in that city.^ The object of Atkinson,
and those who were in league with him, was by rising
" to force the king to perform his promises made at Breda,
grant liberty of Conscience to all but Romanists, take
away excise, chimney money, and all taxes whatever, and
restore a Gospel magistracy and mercy." ^ The meeting
place of the plotters was Kipper or Kaber Rigg, a village
about two and a half miles north east of Kirkby Stephen ;
and, as previously indicated, the rising was fixed for
October 12th, 1663. It was alleged to be part of a great
plan affecting a considerable portion of the country; but
somehow the rising did not take place, and Captain
Atkinson, with some others, was captured and lodged in
Appleby Gaol. He managed, however, to escape, but he
was ultimately recaptured, and is " next heard of as a
prisoner in the Tower. There he was examined before
the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice Hyde, and
Mr. Secretary Bennet in tlie presence of Sir Philip
Musgrave and Sir Thomas Gower, the Sheriff of York-
shire."^
Chancellor Ferguson says that Atkinson " appears to
have confessed somewhat, lied a good deal, and shuffled
more, so, instead of the pardon he expected, he was
1. Vide pp. 187, 1365.
2. Hist, of West., by Chancellor Ferguson, p. 221.
3. Ibid., p. 223.
Indulgence Licenses 1 1 7
handed over to Musgrave, and hung either at Carlisle or
Durham in 1664; some accounts say Appleby." ^
In the Diary of the Countess of Pembroke is the
following : —
Aug. 20, 1664. Robert Atkinson, one of my tennants in Mallerstang,
and that had been my great enemy, was condemned to be hang'd,
drawn, and quarter'd as a traitor to the King, for having had a hand
in the later plott and Consperacy, so as he was executed accordingly
the first day of the month following ; and the 24th day of August
they went away from hence to Kendal. [These were the two Judges
of Assize.] ^
In 1669 in response to the request of Sheldon, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, Returns of Conventicles from
various parts of the country were furnished. A list of
those relating to Cumberland and Westmorland is given
in Appendix V.^ Obviously the " Returns " are too meagre
to represent the full strength of Nonconformity in the
two Counties; but they are interesting as showing how
various areas were affected. The western side of Cumber-
land, in the neighbourhood of Cockermouth, where the
influence of Benson and Larkham would be felt; the
eastern side around Kirkoswald, where Atkinson had
suffered Ejection and Nicholson and Davis laboured; the
northern side, in and around Brampton, where Burnand
had been outed, were the infected districts, while West-
morland was largely occupied by Quakers.
The Declaration of Indulgence was welcomed as a
breathing time here, as elsewhere. A list of the Licenses
secured for this area appears in Appendix VII.* For
Cumberland there were eight Licenses for Teachers and
twenty one for Householders ; for Westmorland there were
only two for Teachers with eight for Householders. The
Teachers' Licenses for the two Counties were all for men
who had been displaced in consequence of the Restoration ;
and what strikes us is the paucity of such Licenses. Some
1. Hist, of West., p. 223.
2. Jackson's Cumb. and West. Papers and Pedigrees, vol. i, p. 50.
3. Vide p. 1329.
4. Vide p. 1365.
ii8 The Ejected of 1662
of those who had been ejected doubtless removed to other
districts and took out Licenses there; indeed we know
them to have done so. George Larkham appears to have
been the first to move in the matter, his License bearing
date May 8th, 1672, barely two months after the Indulg-
ence had been made public; and Gawin Eaglesfield was
the last, his License being dated December 9th, 1672,
about two months before the Indulgence was withdrawn.
The withdrawal of this Declaration, and the subsequent
cancelling of the Licenses which had been issued, was
followed by a renewal of persecution, and Presentments
for Nonconformity in Ecclesiastical Courts became
common. In Appendix YI.^ again appears a list of persons
so presented for several years, copied mainly from the
Carlisle Registry. This list gives a much better idea of
the strength of Nonconformity than the Conventicle
Returns just named; and, whilst it too shows that certain
areas were particularly affected, it also impresses us with
the fact that Nonconformity, in one form or another, had
more or less touched the whole of the two Counties.
A brief account of the Quaker movement, as it relates
to this district, will fitly conclude this Chapter. George
Fox, its great Founder and Apostle, was a native of
Leicestershire, being born in July, 1624, at Fenny
Drayton in that County. His father, Christopher by
name, " righteous Christer," as the neighbours were
accustomed to call him, was by " profession a weaver, an
honest man," and his mother was " upright." George was
piously brought up, intended by his relations for the
Church, but ultimately " put to a man who was a shoe
maker by trade." He tells about having frequent inter-
views with " the priest of Drayton, the town of my birth,
whose name was Nathaniel Stevens." "^ Probably, there-
fore. Fox spent his early days amidst Puritan influences,
though he says of Stevens, " this priest afterwards became
1. Vide p. 1330.
2. Fox's Journal (1765 Edition), p. 3. Nathaniel Stevens or Stephens
appears in Calamy's list of Ejected Ministers, and a high character is
given to him. Vols, ii, p. 419 ; iii, 577.
The Quaker Movement 119
my great persecutor." As a child he was quite different
from others, being already much of a mystic. " In my
very young years," says he, " I had a gravity and stayed-
ness of mind and spirit not usual in children " ; and
William Penn, his most distinguished follower and friend,
says that " from a child he appeared inward, still, and
observing beyond his Years " ; while Fox himself speaks
about the Lord shewing him, when only eleven years of
age, the things which in after life constituted his Gospel.
He was barely in his twenties when, impressed with the
coldness and formalism which had overtaken all religion,
and disappointed with preachers of every type, he set out
on his travels, journeying from place to place in quest of a
peace which for a while he could not find. " I fasted
much," says he, " walked abroad in solitary places many
days, and often took my bible, and sat in hollow trees and
lonesome places till night came on ; and frequently in the
night walked mournfully about by myself : for I was a
man of sorrows in the time of the first workings of the
Lord in me." ^ Peace came, however, at length; and he
found also his Mission.
George Fox held supremely to the spiritual character
of religion ; and what moved him so mightily, and made
him so often indignant, was the sight of religion
materialised, as he believed, by those in whose keeping
it was. Hence he called the people, who were in the
habit of attending the Churches, " professors " ; the
Churches themselves " steeple houses " ; and the Ministers
"priests." He taught also a kind of Perfectionism ; that
is, the full conquest of sin, because the doctrine of human
depravity, which was then a central part of Christian
Theology, he believed to be used as an excuse for continu-
ance in sin. In particular, he held the doctrine of the
Inward Light. He believed that God speaks direct to
every man through His Spirit; and this doctrine he
emphasized so strongly that he came perilously near to
destroying the authority of the Bible.
1. Journal, p. 6.
I20 The Ejected of 1662
He began his Mission about 1647 when he was in the
early twenties, and went through many Counties preach-
ing and teaching. His introduction to the district with
which we are concerned was due to a visit to Lancashire
in 1652. "As we travelled," he says, " we came near a
very great high hill called Pendle hill, and I was moved
of the Lord to go up to the top of it; which I did with
much ado, it was so very steep and high. When I was
come to the top, I saw the sea bordering upon Lancashire.
From the top of this hill the Lord let me see in what
places he had a great people to be gathered." ^ It is a
far cry from Pendle Hill to Wensleydale and Sedbergh,
and yet it would appear that it was the people in those
dales that were to be " gathered." This is made clear
by what happened to him the following night. " Here,"
says he, " the Lord opened unto me, and let me see a
great people in white raiment by a river-side, coming to
the Lord. The place that I saw them in was about
Wentzerdale [Wensleydale] and Sedbergh." ^ Travelling
by way of Grisedale, Dent and Sedbergh, he went to
Firbank on the other side of the Lune, about five miles
from Sedbergh, and first touched Westmorland soil there.
It was in the early part of 1652 when he paid this first
visit to Westmorland and his account of the day is worth
inserting : —
The next first-day I came to Firbank Chapel i^ Westmorland, where
Francis Howgill and John Audland had been preaching in the
morning. The chapel was full of people, so that many could not get
in. Francis said, He thought I looked into the chapel, and his spirit
was ready to fail, the Lord's power did so surprise j but I did not
look in. They made haste, and had quickly done, and they and some
of the people went to dinner : but abundance staid till they came
again. John Blakelin and others came to me, and desired me not to
reprove them publickly; for they were not parish teachers, but pretty
tender men. I could not tell them whether I should or not, though
I had not at that time any drawings to declare publickly against
them ; but I said, They must leave me to the Lord's movings. While
others were gone to dinner, I went to a brook, got a little water, and
1. Journal, p. 66.
2. Ibid.
The Quaker Movement 121
then came and sat down on the top of a rock hard by the chapel.
In the afternoon the people gathered about me, with several of their
preachers. It was judged there were above a thousand people ; to
whom I declared God's everlasting truth and word of life freely and
largely for about the space of three hours, directing all to the Spirit
of God in themselves. . . Many old people went into the chapel, and
looked out at the windows, thinking it a strange thing to see a man
preach on an hill or mountain, and not in the church, as they called
it. . . . Very largely was I opened at this meeting ; the Lord's
convincing power accompanied my ministry, and reached home to
the hearts of the people ; whereby many were coaivinced, and all the
teachers of that congregation (who were many) were convinced of
God's' everlasting truth. ^
Quite recently I visited 'this place, the gate through
which the Quaker movement entered Westmorland and
thence Cumberland. It is an impressive spot, away
among the hills with not a house near. The view from it
is magnificent, commanding, as it does, some of the
wildest and most majestic scenery in the County. The
Chapel has entirely gone, but it would not be difficult to
trace the foundations and it must have been quite a
miniature structure, A strong wall surrounds the
enclosure, and a few crumbling tombstones together with
three or four fir trees mark the place. When George Fox
visited here one of the main roads of the district ran close
by the Chapel, but to day, though the road remains, it is
untravelled and grass grown. On each side of the
enclosure is a rock, either of which would serve the
purpose to which it was put by George Fox, and each has
its advocates for the honour. From Firbank, Fox went to
Preston Patrick, Underbarrow, and TJlverston, where he
made the acquaintance of Judge Fell's wife of Swarth-
moor, whose husband he became on the death of the
Judge. Swarthmoor, also, became the chief centre of
Quaker influence, and, doubtless, it was the fact that
George Fox had his home so long here which contributed
1. Journal, pp. 68, 69. In "The First Publishers of Truth" (p. 243)
the people who attended Firbank Chapel are described as " a seekeing
and religeous people ther seprated from the Comon way of National!
worshipe."
122 The Ejected of 1662
greatly to give permanence and increase to the movement.
It was from Swartlimoor about the beginning of 1653 that
he paid his first visit to Cumberland, selecting the
extreme west for the purpose. " Now were great
threatenings given forth in Cumberland," says he, " that
if ever I came there, they would take away my life.
"When I heard it, I was drawn to go into Cumberland;
and went to Miles Wennington's in the same parish from
which those threatenings came; but they had not power
to touch me." ^ He tells about going into " the steeple
house at Bootle " ; thence to " John Wilkinson's steeple
house near Cockermouth, a preacher in great repute who
had three parishes under him " ; afterwards to " the
steeple house at Cockermouth where priest Larkhain
lived " ; to " another great steeple house of John
Wilkinson's called Brigham " ; then to " Thomas Bewley's
near Coldbeck " ; and thence to Carlisle where he was
imprisoned. Gilsland, Langlands, Abbey Holm, Keswick,
Kendal, Strickland Head, Pardsey Crag, and Wigton were
visited by him, and, in each case, large numbers attended
upon his preaching, and considerable conversions took
place. It has already been said that in taking exception
to Dr. Wilson's picture of the Quaker incursion there is
no thought of minimizing its wonderful success. There
cannot be any doubt about its laying hold upon the two
Counties ; but the points to be noted are that it was not
the Puritan preachers alone who felt this, but all did;
and still further, that the Association was on the eve of
being conceived and started on its way when George Fox
first set his foot in the County.
The most remarkable phenomenon connected with this
movement is that its chief Missionaries, the men who,
with eloquent speech and undying enthusiasm, went
everywhere, undeterred by hardship, suffering, imprison-
ment, and even the prospect of death, preaching this new
Evangel, were the product of these parts ; largely, indeed,
Westmorland men. The names of a few only can be
1. Journal, p. 95.
The Quaker Movement 123
given. Francis Howgill of Todthorne near Grayrigg,
one of the Fil-bank Chapel preachers ; Edward Burrough,
born in the Barony of Kendal; John Audland,
horn near Kendal, another of the Firbank Chapel
preachers; John Camm of Camsgil, in the Barony of
Westmorland; George Whitehead of Orton in Westmor-
land; Miles Halhead of Mountjoy, near Underbarrow;
John Burnyeat of Crabtreebeck in the parish of Lowes-
water, Cumberland ; John Banks of Brigham ; Christopher
Story of Righead, in the parish of Kirklinton ; John
Boustead of Aglionby, near Carlisle; James Dickenson
of Lowmoor House in the parish of Dean ; Samuel Bownas
of Great Strickland in Westmorland, are names written
large in the history of the Quaker movement; and to
their labours in various parts of the country the movement
owes much of the success that attended it during the 17th
Century.
That the Quakers aroused persecution goes without
saying; indeed of all the religious bodies in this country
none have suffered more for their principles. Some
evidence of this has already been given in the extracts
from the Calendars of State Papers, and the following
will serve to further illustrate the point : —
Aug. 24th, 1663. Sir Phil. Musgrave to Williamson. Those in
authority can hardly bear the insolence of the Quakers, who meet
200 or more every week ; they keep copies of proceedings against
them by justices of peace, to be r^ady against a time when they shall
call the justices to account ; stricter course should be taken with them
and a few horse kept in constant pay at Carlisle.'
Nov. 9th, 1663. Appleby. Chr. Musgrave to [Williamson]. Capt.
Atkinson, who escaped from Appleby Groal, is trying to raise a party
to attack the gaol and liberate the other prisoners. A servant of an
eminent Quaker, taken near Berwick, had suspicious papers on him.
Corporal Watson, now in custody, has discovered that there were
Quakers in the late conspiracy. The gaol is full and weak ; this
should be considered.*
Nov. 23rd, 1663. Appleby. Sir Philip Musgrave to Williamson.
The prisoners begin, to impeach each other. The King owes much
1. Cal. S. P. Dom. fdr 1663-4, p. 251.
2. Ibid., p. 332.
124 The Ejected of 1662
to Rich. Braithwaite for discovery of this dark design. The Quakers
have had a deep hand in the plot ; the names of those impeached must
not be made public, as some are not yet in custody, but a proclamation
against those who are fled would do goodi
January 7th, 1664. Penrith. Dan. Fleming to Williamson.
Thanks for his promise of a News-book weekly. The gentry there
have been together all Christmas, at the wedding of his cousin
Dalston's eldest son, of Acornbank. Those counties are quiet except
for frequent meetings of Quakers, many of whom are bound over to
the sessions. Hearing of an intended meeting in Lancashire, seait his
two brothers thither, who took 50 of them, and has sent the most
considerable to Lancaster, to be presented next Sessions. 2
January 16th, 1664. Kendal. D. Fleming to Williamson. Pro-
ceeded smartly at Lancaster assizes against the Quakers ; Committed
George Fox and half a score more to close gaol for refusing the Oath
of Allegiance, and fined 60 on the new Act, although Mrs. Fell
(Oliver's judge Fell's w^idow), did her utmost to prevent it. The
■ fines are to be levied, or they carried to the House of Correction.
At Appleby many are fined. This will soon stop their meetings, &c.
unless they obtain favour at Whitehall, which would much encourage
them. It is thought that Capt. Atkinson, who is reported to have
given himself in prisoner, will discover more of the York traitors'
design. 3
May 12th, 1664. Rydal. Dan. Fleming to Williamson. The
Westmorland Quakers are so obstinate that Sir John Lowther has had
16 indicted at the Quarter Sessions at Appleby, and the Justices have
requested the Parliament men to press remedies for prevention of
danger from fanatics. Col. Sawrey, Major Crisp, and Mr. Gosling
are bound over to good behaviom* to keep from Conventicles and to
appear when required. Has examined Grcorge Dixon of Troutbeck,
about a letter said to be written by him,, but thinks the accusation
untrue. Has committed George Walker and Rob. Wharton for a
share in the late plot, but they are obstinate and will not confess ;
will send them to Appleby, the gaoler at Kendal being himself a
fanatic. 4
These excerpts might be considerably multiplied, but
they are sufficient to show that the fiercest anger of the
authorities was directed against the Quakers. Sir Daniel
1. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1663-4, p. 346.
2. Ibid., p. 433.
3. Ihid., p. 445.
4. Ibid., Vol. xcviii.
The Quaker Movement 125
Fleming was especially aggressive; he appears in parti-
cular to have kept a sharp eye upon Swarthmoor, where,
as he says, George Fox and his " Cubbs were kennel'd."
Whether there is any truth in the charge that the Quakers
were involved in the rumoured plots and risings, of
which the times produced such a plentiful crop, is not
certain. Probably some of the reports were fictions, and
others grossly exaggerated ; but it is diflScult to account
for them all except on the ground of complicity on the
part of some. "Apparently, at the time of the plot," says
Chancellor Ferguson, " the local justices included under
the name of ' Quaker ' every dissentient from their own
religion except Papists. Westmorland was also full of
Quakers who had been disowned by, or who had seceded
from, the Society of Friends, for in those days of religious
excitement men roamed rapidly from one form of religion
to another." ^ It is not, however, necessary to resort even
to such an explanation. There must have been some
bearing this name, men made wild and reckless by cease-
less persecution, whose thoughts turned for a remedy in
those directions ; and a few such would be quite sufficient
in the popular judgment, especially in the excited state
of the times, to involve the whole in suspicion. The
following is a list of committals in 1653, the year that
George Fox was itinerating in the two Counties : —
CXTMBERLANB :
George Fox committed Aug., 1653, for saying he was the Son of
God and other words, which they say are blasphemy, and yet on one
particular within the Act.
Westmerland.
Jo. Morland committed by the Judge of Assize at Apleby in
August last for refusing to be sworn on a Jury and fined 51.
Miles Halhead : committed 14 Aug. 1653 for speaking in the Steeple
house after the Priest had done.
Margaret Gilpin committed the same day for speaking in the Steeple
house before the Priest had done.
Thos. Casley committed the 21 of Aug. 1653 for speaking in the
Steeple house when the Priest had done.
1. Hist of West., p. 223.
126
The Ejected of 1662
Henry Ward committed the 28 of Aug. 1653 for speaking in the
Steeple house after all was ended.
Chrestof. Atkinson committed 4 Sept. 1653 for speaking in the
Steeple house after the Priest had ended his prayer.
John Aray committed the same day for going with him and saying
nothing.
Francis Howgill committed 4 of Sept. 1653, for speaking in the
Steeple house after all was ended.
Mary Cdllinson 28 Aug. 1653 for saying (while the Freest was
speaking) Tremble before the Lord.
11 September 1653.
Margaret Smith committed for speaking to the Priest.
Robert Newby for speaking to the Mayor.
Dorothy Waugh for speaking to the Priest.
Agnes Wilkinson for speaking to the Mayor.
Mary Dodding for speaking to the Priest.
Edmond AlUngton for speaking to the Preist.
A maid in Lancashire whose name I know not committed for
speaking to a preest.
Thomas Holm 28 August 1653
Alice Wilson 1 September 1653
Margaret Newby 1 Septem. 1653
Jane Waugh 4 September 1653
Mary Howgill 4 September 1653
Agnes Wilson 3 September 1653
Dorothy Waugh 6 September 1653
Mabel Warriner 6 September 1653
Anne Thompson 4 September 1653
Eliza Levens 4 September 1653
Eliza Bateman 4 September 1653.
.A.11 these persons being moved to
go to a Justice of Peace in Kendal
to speak to him against his perse-
cution and Tyranny and to warn
him of the evil to come were by
him committed to Prison. The
words spoken by them severally
to him as also the substance of
what the others spoke in the
Steeple houses might have been
set down, but this is not in-
tended as an accusatio«n of any,
nor to shew forth their ignorance
or weaknesses. '
Many of the Parish Registers furnish evidence of a
similar character, containing " Presentments " of Quakers
for offences of one sort or another, and the literature of
the time witnesses to the intensity of the feeling which
the movement had excited.
1. Quakers' Persecution in Northern England by Anthony Pearson,
October 3, 1653, pp. 4, 5. Copy in British Museum.
The Quaker Movement 127
Those were not days of smooth speech and elegant
diction. The lampooner, the rhymster, and the satirist
were common. If the pen was virile it was often
vitriolic ; and nowhere did this obtain so much as in the
domain of religion. In an account of Henry Winder's
case by Samuel Audland, the author styles his pamphlet :
" The Spirit of Quakerism Cloven-footed," and ends by
saying that he expects a rejoinder under some such title
as this : " Truth once more Victorious, or Zion Rearing
up her Glorious Head again. Wherein S. A., Henry
Winder and all his Friends, are sent to the Bottomless-
Pit." 1 William Browns word, also, of Kendal, was a
vigorous Anti-Quaker writer, and very early in his career
he published : — " The Quaker Jesuite or Popery in
Quakerisme; Being a clear Discovery (1) That their
Doctrines with their Proofs and Arguments are fetcht
out of the Council of Trent, Bellarmine and others.
(2) That their Practices are fetcht out of the Rules and
Practices of Popish Monks. With a serious admonition
to the Quakers, to consider their ways and return from
whence they are fallen," Francis Higginson of Kirkby
Stephen, is said to have written " the first Book that ever
was written against that sink of Blasphemies Entituled —
The Irreligion of Northern Quakers." Another pamphlet
of local interest is : " The Quakers Shaken ; or a Fire-
brand snach'd out of the Fire. Being A brief e Relation of
God's Wonderfull Mercie extended to John Gilpin of
Kendale in Westmoreland and Who, as will appeare by
the Sequel was not only deluded, but possessed by the
Devil." This pamphlet printed July 4th, 1653, as the
title indicates, gives an account of John Gilpin's enfran-
chisment from the bonds of Quakerism ; and the truth of
the narrative is attested as follows : —
I believe this Relation to be true Edward Turner Mayor of Kendale.
By what I have heard of the carriage of John Gilpin and his
actings I do beleeve this Relation to be true — John Archer.
I saw him when he went through the Towne declaring himselfe the
way, truth and life, Ja : Cocke.
1. A copy of this rare and interesting book is in my possession.
128 The Ejected of 1662
Wee believe this Eelation to be true
J. [Thomas] Walker Pastor of Kendale.
J. Myriell Master of the Free schoole there.
Rich. Prissoe.
The. Sandes.
Allan Gilpin.
John Washington.
Rob. Fisher.^
Tlie Quakers themselves were responsible for much of
this. It was not merely that they indulged in certain
harmless eccentricities; such as refusing to uncover in
Church, to adopt the customary forms of speech; and to
take the usual oaths in Courts of Law, though these things
counted for much in that age, but that they outraged the
common decencies of life. Their practice of going
through the streets naked as a "sign" was an unpardon-
able exaggeration; while the way in which they disturbed
public worship, and flung insulting language at both
preachers and congregation was bound to excite deep and
bitter feeling. It was by no means in every case that
persons received their committals " for speaking in the
Steeple House after all was ended " ; or as another, almost
humorously, remarks for " going to the Steeple House and
doing nothing " ; it was much more frequently quite the
reverse. George Fox himself set a bad example in this
respect. His language about " Priest Lampit," the
Ulverston Minister, whose spirit he describes as " foul,"
and whom he did not spare even at death, declaring him
to be "an old deceiver, and perverter of the right way of
the Lord, and a persecutor . . an old false prophet," ^
did not err on the side of Christian charity. The only
excuse for all this lies in the fact that in their wildest
deeds, and most senseless vagaries, they acted from highest
motives. It was the " voice within " which indicated
the way of duty, loyalty to conscience, an unenlightened
conscience possibly, which constrained people, otherwise
so orderly and quiet, to act in such fantastic and objection-
able fashion; and if it brought upon them suffering, it
1. Copy of pamphlet in Brit. Mus.
2. Journal, p. 495.
The Quaker Movement 129
was a suffering which was cheerfully borne. They were
sent to prison wholesale; at one time throughout the
kingdom thousands were incarcerated, yet they set at
defiance the cruel enactments which oppressed them.
They met openly for worship, and, as already intimated,
not one Quaker License was issued whilst the Indulgence
was in force, because not one was sought ; and there can
be little doubt that the Quaker movement, despite all the
oddities and objectionable features of its earliest days,
contributed largely towards the inbringing of that greater
freedom which the closing years of the 17th Century
witnessed.
It is an interesting question, as to how it came about
that this movement caught on so readily, and achieved
such phenomenal triumphs in this district. In no other
part of the country does it appear to have been so
welcomed. Is the answer to be found, partly at least,
in the physical environment of the people? George
Fox was an enthusiast and a visionary. He was always
seeing visions and hearing voices which he believed
to be Divine. He acted as " the Spirit moved " ; he
tells us repeatedly that he felt " drawn " to a certain
course, and that the message which he delivered had come
direct from God. Living among the hills and dales of
these two Counties, in daily communion with Nature as
she appears in her wondrous majesty and impressiveness,
and with the imaginative faculties in consequence highly
developed the people would feel the impact of such a
personality. To them George Fox would appear as one of
the old prophets, and, holding their meetings, as they
frequently did, amid the great silences of Nature, every-
thing would conspire to make the Mission of the preacher
a success. Account for it, however, as we may, here is
the fact that the movement gained its greatest victories
in this area; found here its most heroic sufferers; and
discovered the men, who, as its Missionaries, not only
tramped England through and through, but even went to
other countries with that new Evangel, which had so
marvellously conquered themselves.
J
CHAPTER III.
The Men and their Story.
While tlie main purpose of this Chapter is to give, as
fully as possible, an account of the " Ejected " Ministers
of Cumberland and Westmorland, using the term in the
freer sense previously explained, it will not by any means
be restricted to that. No student of 17th Century eccle-
siastical history can fail to be impressed with the fact
that, though much has been written upon it, there is still
much left unexplained. " Parochial histories," says Dr.
Shaw, "invariably break down over the Commonwealth
period. It is not, or not merely, prejudice. The period
is not yet understood ... I really cherish the hope that
my book will inaugurate a new era in this matter, and
that both in our county histories and in the increasing
number of our parochial histories we shall see an end of
that ' 1640-60 ' blank system. The period was by no
means blank. "^ That statement errs on the side of
generosity in relation to the reason for this " blank
system." "Prejudice" has played a very large part in
the matter. The County Histories of Nicolson and Burn,
Hutchinson and Jefferson are quite disappointing in this
respect. There appears to have been no really serious
attempt to put an end to this irritating hiatus. The
period seems to have been regarded as a " usurpation "
and the Ministers as " intruders," and, in consequence, as
deserving of little or no attention. Historically there can
be no justification for this. The years were there, the
period was anything but " blank" ; and whatever attitude
may be assumed towards the Commonwealth, whose rise
and fall it witnessed, the Century is incomplete without
those years. Whatever view also may be taken of the
1. Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. i, preface xii.
132 The Ejected of 1662
Ministers, and whatever names may be assigned to them,
the hard fact remains that they held the livings, drew the
stipends and served the Cures, and the history of any
particular parish which ignores them is distinctly mis-
leading and imperfect. To meet this defect is the purpose
of this work, and of this Chapter in particular. The task
is far from easy, and it has been rendered the more
difficult by these long years of neglect. It is not in the
least intended to sketch, even in briefest outline, the
history of each Church in the area. That clearly would
be impossible, besides travelling far beyond the purpose
of this work. Moreover a large number of these founda-
tions do not come within the scope of our enquiries, from
the fact that they are of late date. As intimated in the
Preface, the idea is to give, as far as may be, a full and
correct list of 17th Century Incumbents in each case, so
that the reader may, for himself, see what men were
displaced during the Commonwealth regime, and what
by the Restoration and the Uniformity Act. In this way
both Walker's list of " Suffering Clergy " and Calamy'a
list of " Ejected Ministers " will be frequently tested.
In every case the Parish Registers have been examined
for the purpose. The enquiries, as already indicated,
have been restricted to the 17th Century, liberally inter-
preted. By way of further explaining what follows it
may be added that the divisions are purely arbitrary.
They represent neither modern Dioceses nor ancient
Archdeaconries ; they are simply chosen for convenience,
the idea being to fix upon an important centre in each
case and then range a number of Churches around it.
Purely again in the interests of convenience and clearness
the term " Sequestered " is reserved for a Minister dis-
placed during the Commonwealth, and " Ejected " for
one displaced at the Restoration, or by the Uniformity
Act.
CUMBERLAND.
I. THE CARLISLE GROUP.
I. CAELISLE.
St. Mary's and St. Cuthbert's.
In 1643, owing to repeated reverses in its conflict with
the King, Parliament decided to call in the assistance of
the Scottish nation. From the outbreak of the Civil War
this contingency had been anticipated, and negotiations
had been more or less in progress; but it was not until
September 22nd of that year that the Solemn League and
Covenant was adopted by both Houses of Parliament.
The decision was a most momentous one ; and it had far-
reaching issues. Among other things it gave to these
two northern Counties a position and influence in the war,
which otherwise they would never have obtained. In
particular, the border City of Carlisle, which lay in the
direct line of communication between the two countries,
frequently became transformed into the theatre of stirring
incident and even fateful battle. Twelve months after
the Solemn League and Covenant had been accepted, the
Scottish forces, under General Leslie, appeared before
Carlisle, and the City stood besieged from October, 1644,
to June of the following year. Isaac Tullie, a young man
of eighteen, and brother to Timothy Tullie, subsequently
Minister at St. Mary's Church, kept a Diary of the Siege. ^
In it is a list of contributions towards the needs of the
beleaguered City from prominent people in the district,
the names of several of the local Clergy appearing in it.
The list of the latter is here appended.
1. This small Tractate was published by Jefferson of Carlisle in 1840
and is now rarely to be met with. The original MS. is in the British
Museum.
134 The Ejected of 1662
£ s. d.
The dean and chapter of Carlisle, viz., the dean £4
and every prebend 30s. 10 0 0
Mr. Usher of Kirk Andrews 3 0 0
Mr. Constable of Arthuret 3 0 0
Mr. Welchman of Stanwix - 1 0 0
Mr. Head of Aikton . . - - - - 3 0 0
Mr. Warwick of Bowness and Brampton - - - 2 0 0
Mr. Burton of Orton 2 0 0
Mr. Priestman for Kirklinton - - - - - 1 0 0
Dr. Sibson for Bewcastle or the sequestrators - - 2 0 0
Mr. Gibson for Castle Carrick 10 0
Mr. Morland for Graystock 5 0 0
Mr. West for Addingham - - - - - - 1 0 0
The sequestrators of Great Salkeld parsonage - - 1 0 0
Mr. Goodwin of Lasonby - - - - - -100
Mr. Sharpies of Croglin 10 0
Mr. Milburne for Skelton and Ouseby - - - - 2 0 0
Mr. Langbaine for Keswick - - - - 2 0 0
Mr. Tunstell for Caldbeck - 2 0 0
Mr. Hudson for Uldale and Kirkbride - - 2 0 0
Mr. Eobinson for Torpenhow 200
Mr. Fairfax for Bolton 2 0 0
Mr. Fletcher of Plumbland - - - - - 2 0 0
Mr. Wilkinson of Gilcrux 10 0
Mr. Beck of Brumfield 1 10 0
Mr. Cookson of Brigham -100
Mr. Fletcher of Dean 2 0 0
Mr. Lowther of Workington 2 0 0
Mr. Antrobus of Egremond 1 10 0
Mr. Fletcher of Distington 1 10 0
Mr. Hudson of Harrington - - - - 2 0 0
Mr. Tubman of Whitcham 10 0
Mr. Braithwaite of Lamplugh 10 0'
The City made a long and brave defence, and the people
suffered much hardship, subsisting for a time on horse-
flesh ; but eventually the besiegers were admitted, certain
articles of surrender having been agreed upon. Isaac
Tullie writes not unfavourably of the terms, and of the
conduct of the General in carrying out the agreement.
" The next day," says he, "being 25th of June, the Articles
were agreed upon, and the Citty of Carlyle, little in
circuite, but great and memorable for Loyalty, received
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 236.
1
Carlisle Siege 135
a Scots garrison upon the 28th of June, upon these noble
articles, which by David Leslys strict command and
p'sonall conduct were punctually performed, both to those
that marched out, and to the Cittysons that staid at
Home." ^ Chancellor Ferguson takes some exception to
Isaac TuUie's generous view of the conduct of the con-
querors and says : —
The shattered condition of the nave of Carlisle Cathedral, and of
the conventual buildings, shows that Tullie viewed very leniently
some of Lesley's doings, if he did not consider the pulling down a
great part of the nave, and of the conventual buildings, an infraction
of the 3rd article of surrender "that no church be defaced." 2
Chancellor Ferguson's own description of matters is in
the following terms : —
The victors, in violation of the articles of surrender, played havoc
with the cathedral ; they pulled down great part of the nave, cloisters,
and prebendal houses, and used the materials for the repair of the
fortifications. This surrender, indeed, made a clean sweep of every-
thing in Carlisle ; bishop, dean, and prebendaries had all been
sequestrated and deprived prior to the siege, and disappear
The Solemn League and Covenant of 1643 had ejected several of the
Episcopalian clergy of the diocese, and some that remained were
ejected on the "Vacancy of Ministers" in 1655.3
The tendency, however, in these .matters, is to draw
largely upon the imagination; and it has repeatedly been
found necessary in this work to take exception to this
type of statement. The authority for it is almost invari-
ably either Walker or Todd, both of whom wrote greatly
embittered against everything relating to Cromwell and
the Commonwealth. How little reliance may be placed
upon the statement just cited will be evident from the
fact that the paragraph in Dr. Todd's MS., upon which
Chancellor Ferguson bases it, ends with the following
sentence : — " It was their intention to have destroyed the
whole of the cathedral, but they were prevented by the
restoration." * Fifteen years elapsed between the sur-
1. Hist, of Cumb., by Chancellor Ferguson, p. 261.
2. Ibid.
3. Diocesan Histories, Carlisle, pp. 138, 139.
4. Jefferson's History of Carlisle, p. 56.
136 The Ejected of 1662
render of the City and the Restoration, and, if there had
been any wish to destroy the Cathedral, it is not easy to
see how the Restoration could have hindered. Moreover,
the request of the Trustees for the Maintenance of
Ministers, in 1658, to be supplied with information as to
the needs of the place, and their grant of a sum towards
its repair, indicates no such iconoclastic spirit as is here
suggested.^ The truth is that five years previously the
Cathedral buildings were in a condition calling for real
concern; and the following letter from the King in
relation to the matter together with the Bishop's reply is
extremely interesting.
September 4th.
Whitehall.
The King to Dr. Cumber, 2 Dean of Carlisle and Master of Trinity
College, Cambridge. We have lately been informed, both at our
1. Vide p. 166.
2. At this time there was a considerable amount of non-residence.
The Dean himself. Dr. Comber, was an absentee, and judging from the
following, at least most of the Petty Canons were : —
" 1639.
Petition of Robert Browne, preacher of God's Word, to the King.
The Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, in view of service done by petitioner,
gratified him with a lease 'of the tithes of Brisco in Cumberland, and
parcel now of their revenue, but of which they had no profit until
petitioner recovered the same by law at his great charge, soon after
which they required him to yield up his interest therein. In lieu
whereof they promised petitioner that he should have the first petty
canon's place in the church of Carlisle which should become void ;
whereupon he surrendered the same, and soon after was invested in the
said place, and continued so for some years past. Yet, notwithstanding,
of late they have made an Act to deprive him of that preferment with-
out admonition or calling upon him to show cause to the contrary, and
have placed another in his seat contrary to law. Conceives no other
reason can be shown for his deprivation but non-residence, a privilege
which all or most part of the rest enjoy, and are allowed their substi-
tutes. Prays the King out of his abundant clemency to restore him to
his former place."
It is certified by John Baynes, Mayor of Carlisle, Sir William
Musgrave, and two others. Justices of the Peace (Cal. S. P. Dom. for
1639-40, p. 202). For Mr. Browne, licensed preacher in 1636, see the
Watermillock preachers, p. 516.
Carlisle Cathedral 137
being in the North and since, that our cathedral church at Carlisle
is fallen exceedingly into decay, and indeed so far that if there be not
present care taken for the repair thereof it cannot be long upheld.
The government of this place is by us Committed to you and the
chapter there, and we doubt your long continued absence together
with some negligence of your predecessors, have hastened this fabric,
which should have been upheld both by your charge & care, toward
the ruin in which it is now like to fall without speedy supply. And,
though St. Paul's in London has found very good assistance and large
contribution from our subjects in general, yet you must not think
that the charge of repairing other inferior cathedrals can be put off
from yourselves upon the tState. These are therefore to require you
by yourself or your vice-dean and chapter to take present care for the
yearly repair of such parts of that church as are most faulty, that so
every year somewhat may be done according to your means there, till
the whole church shall be sufficiently repaired. And of this we
charge you and the chapter not to fail. We further you, that these
oui' letters be registered, that in them " succession " may read our care
and their duty in this behalf. We have likewise commanded one of
our Principal Secretaries of State to write to the bishop of that see to
require him to take care that these our commands be obeyed, and to
inform us from time to time if they be not.'
Dec. 6. 1639.
Bishop Potter of Carlisle, to Sec. Windebank. As soon as 1 could
receive an answer from the dean, 1 come to give you account of my
care to see his ^Majesty's royal and religious commands performed,
for the repairing of the cathedral church of Carlisle. As soon as 1
received your letter, I sent for the prebends, — -we have but four in
all, — and acquainted them with his Majesty's pleasure, making it
plain to them that if the reparation of the church should rest upon
the remainder of the rents, when all other duties and officers' [fees]
were discharged, there could nothing be done to any purpose in many
years. Indeed the rents in divers years come short to discharge all
claims, and therefore I entreated that out of the fines which they had
received the last year, averaging almost £300 to every prebend, and
about £700 to the dean, they would give something. Three of the
prebends who were present promised £50 apiece if the dean would
pay in proportion his part, which they rated to £200. Thereupon I
wrote to the dean and acquainted him with the prebends' offer. His
answer to me was, that he conceived the meaning of his Majesty's
letter to be, that the reparations of the church should rise only out of
the rents and not from the fines, yet he would be content to give
£100, towards the present reparations. This will not please the
1. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1639, p. 478.
o
8 The Ejected of 1662
prebends, because, they say, it is but a small proportion for the dean,
the prebends having barely Jt;20 a year and the dean £120. As for
the fines, the dean has a third part, and the four prebends have the
rest, and therefore the prebends fall back from their promise of £50,
unless the dean will pay in his proportion. Yet order is taken for
providing some materials against the spring, but if the charge be laid
only upon the rents little will be done, and if there be not something
yearly reserved out of the fines, I am not like to live to see the church
sufficiently repaired. As occasion shall serve, 1 shall be careful to
give his Majesty a true account how his commands are obeyed.'
Whether the work of repair was taken in hand, and, if so,
to what extent, we have no means of knowing.
That the Cathedral buildings suffered during the Siege
may be regarded as certain; but in all probability it was
simply an accident of the war. The truth is, that much
of what is alleged in this way was simply impossible,
because of the political and religious complexion of this
area : it was too preponderatingly Royalist for a tithe
of the evil things to have happened, which writers are in
the habit of assigning to that period. Certainly the
statement about the Bishop, etc., being swept away
" prior to the Siege" is at fault : for Episcopacy was not
definitely abolished until 1646. Nor is there any evidence
of Sequestrations in this area as early as 1643. That the
Prebends, at least, were in existence in 1644, the time of
the Siege, is clear from the fact that together with the
Dean they contributed £10. "With the fall of Episcopacy
however, went the Cathedral Hierarchy; and a brief note
about the respective persons affected is necessary.
The Bishop at the time was the learned Dr. James
TJssher, Archbishop of Armagh, who had the Carlisle See
conferred upon him in commendavi on the death of
Bishop Potter in 1641. The grant was given to him on
February 16th, 1641-2, and he received the revenue till
the autumn of 1643. He was a man of great culture and
wide knowledge, a large contributor to Biblical literature,
of unstained character, of gentle spirit and liberal view.
He laboured unsparingly to promote religious unity and
peace in his day; and propounded a modified scheme of
1. Cal. S. P. Dom. for 1639—40, p. 149.
The Cathedral Clergy 139
Episcopacy, which Richard Baxter and others of his
school were quite prepared to accept. Bishop Ussher was
non-resident, and probably never saw his Carlisle Diocese.
He died at the age of 75 years, on March 21, 1656; and
Cromwell, who always had the highest regard for his
character and gifts, ordered his burial in Westminster
Abbey, which took place on the 17th of the following
month.
The Archdeacon and Chancellor was Isaac Singleton,
M.A. He died in 1643, and an account of him appears
under Crosthwaite, of which place he was Vicar. ^
The Prebendary of the First Stall was Dr. Lancelot
Dawes who was appointed in 1619. He was Vicar of
Barton and E-ector of Asby, and died in 1655. ^
The Prebendary of the Second Stall, appointed in 1640,
was Frederick Tunstall, M.A., subsequently the Seques-
tered Rector of Caldbeck.^
The Prebendary of the Third Stall was Lewis West,
M.A., the Sequestered Vicar of Addingham. He was
appointed in 1637 and also became Archdeacon. To both
positions he returned at the Restoration. ^
The Prebendary of the Fourth Stall, appointed in 1643,
was Henry Hutton, M.A. He was Rector of Long
Marton. ^
At this time Carlisle had two Churches ; and, respecting
the one dedicated to St. Mary, Jefferson, writing in 1838,
says : —
It is under the same roof as the cathedral, the west limb of that
venerable building having been appropriated, as it would appear,
from the earliest period, for the performance of the parochial duties.
During the civil wars its dimensions were considerably curtailed, two
arches only of the original nave being left by the ruthless spoilers.
This fragment has been galleried and pewed, and the space formerly
occupied by the remainder of the edifice is converted into a cemetery. 6
1. Vide p. 649.
2. Vide pp. 1111, 1224.
3. Vide p. 548.
4. Vide p. 349.
5. Vide p. 1149.
6. Hist, of Carlisle, p. 268.
I40 The Ejected of 1662
The Registers begin in 1648, the earliest volume being
long, thick and narrow. It is of parchment and in fair
condition, the writing being quite decipherable. It begins
with " Weddings " — baptisms being the same date. At the
other end of the book is " the Parish Register of St. Maries
Carlisle," commencing August, 1655, and ending December,
1732, "containing thirty four leaves." An interesting feature
of these Registers is the appearance against each person's
name of the place name of the district to which he belonged,
as : " Castlegate," " Abbeygate," " Richargate," etc.
The other Church, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is only a
short distance away. The Registers begin in April, 1693.
Bishop Nicolson, writing in 1703, says 1603 ; but whether
that is a mistake for 1693 is not clear. The Transcripts,
however, begin with May, 1666 ; and in addition, there is
one folio occupied with baptisms for the years 1604 and
1605. This folio would seem to indicate the existence
of earlier Registers, which may explain Bishop Nicolson's
date.
It is extremely difficult to say how these two Churches
were served during the 17th Century. No one of the
historians makes any attempt to indicate this, still less to
construct a list of Incumbents. Chancellor Ferguson
alone is helpful in the matter. In his interesting and
valuable paper on the Carlisle Lectureship he says : —
Up to this time [1655] 1 have little doubt that the incumbents of
S. Cuthbert's and S. Mary's were not licensed preachers, and that all
the preaching that was done in Carlisle was done by the Bishop, his
chaplains, the prebends, and the lecturer. I have already pointed out
that the sermons and the service were at different times.'
From what appears elsewhere ^ this surmise about the
Cathedral Clergy would seem to be correct except that the
date, 1655, is late. Isaac Tullie informs us that
the following rendered service as preachers during
the Siege: — Frederick Tunstall and Lewis "West,
1. "The Lectureship and Lectures at St. Cuthbert's Church, Carlisle,"
by Chancellor Ferguson, reprinted from " The Transactions of the
Cumberlaind and Westmorland Archasological Society" for 1883, p. 320.
2. Vide p. 142, &c., for Lecturers.
Carlisle Lectureship 141
Prebendaries ; Timothy Tullie, then at Cliburn ; Jonathan
Goodwin of Lazonby ; and Featherstonhaugh ; from neigh-
bouring Counties, Dr. Basire, Prebendary of Durham and
Archdeacon of Xorthiimberland, Dr. Marshall, possibly
the Sequestered Minister of Houghton-le-Spring, Thomas
Norgate, B.D., Chaplain to Sir Thomas Glenham, Gover-
nor of Carlisle ; and Scotch Ministers, Mr. Thompson and
Mr. Sandulans.
The Lectureship, an institution of Puritan origin, was
highly popular at this time. Its aim was to supplement
the work of the Parish Minister with a view to securing
for the people the fullest possible measure of religious
instruction and worship. It was often resented as an
intrusion by the resident Incumbent; but it sought to
further the interests of the people by supplying them with
appropriate services when the Minister in charge, through
infirmity, years, indifference, neglect, incompetence, or
the largeness of his Parish, had ceased to meet the
religious needs of the district. These Lectureships appear
in Kendal, Kirkby Lonsdale and Penrith; and precisely
•how long the institution had been in existence in Carlisle
we have no means of knowing. In 1625, however, an
Indenture, dated August 16 of that year, made between
" Henrye Baynes Maior of the Cittye of Carlell & ye
Cittizens of the same of thone [the one] ptie [party].
And Edwarde Aglionbye Esquyer Lanclote Dawes Thomas
Fayerfaxe Clerk And Willm Barwick & Mathewe Cape
Gentilmen on thother ptie, Witnessethe " that " ye Deane
& Chapter of Carelile haue graunted by lease for one &
twentye yea'res the tythe corne of Briskoe & Scugger
houses to ye sayde Edwarde Aglionbye Lanclote Dawes
Thomas Fayerfaxe Willm Barwicke & Mathewe Cape for
ye payment of twentye Marks by yeare to A lectorer or
preatcher in St. Maries in Augmentacion of his former
Stipend of twentye pounds so as ye Maior & Cittizens of
Carelell woulde make up ye sayde some of thirtye three
pounds sex shilling and Eight pence to be fortye pounds
by yeare to ye sayde lecturer or preacher." ^ It further
1. The Lectureship, &c., p. 327.
142 The Ejected of 1662
states that " the sayd Maior & Cittizens of Carlell (un-
willing to be anye meanes of hinderinge so good a worke
but to sett forwarde the same by their good example) Do
by thes presents for them & their Successors geue &
graunte unto ye sayde Edwarde Aglionbye Lancelote
Dawes Thomas Fayerfaxe Willm Barwicke and Mathew
Cape one Anewetie or yearely E-ent of sex poundes thirtene
shillings fower pence by yeare to be issewinge & goinge
oute of their Water Corne Mills belonginge to ye sayd
Cittye payable yearelye at ye seuerall f castes of ye purifi-
cacion of or [our] blessed virgin & ye first daye of Auguste
caled Lammas Daye by eaven portions to be by them
payde over to ye sayde lecturer or Preatcher yearely
duringe the tearme of twentye & one yeares." ^ It would
be quite a mistake to infer that the Lectureship was a
mere appendage to either St. Mary's or St. Cuthbert's.
It was a separate office ; the Lecturer was a City official,
though, in this case, the main movers appear to have been
private individuals, Fairfax and Dawes being Preben-
daries of the Cathedral. These persons also had the
privilege of nominating and the Dean and Chapter-
^' alowede " the nomination as the following shows : — "Ye
sayde Lecturer or preacher so nominated by ye sayd
Edward Aglionbye Lanclote Dawes Thomas Fayerfaxe
Willm Barwicke & Mathew Cape And alowede by ye
Deane & Chapter shall begine to preatche in ye sayd
Church of St. Maries. "^ Later, however, the City took
these matters more into its own hands.
Roger Baldwin, M.A., 1647.
It is to be regretted that the name of this early Lec-
turer, if one was actually appointed, has not been
preserved ; the first person known to serve in this capacity
being Roger Baldwin, who is also called Minister of the
" pish Church." The date of his appointment has not
1. The Lectureship, &c., p. 328.
2. Ihid.
Roger Baldwin 143
been ascertained but he certainly was here in 1647-8 as
the following show : —
Cuthberts in
Carlile. ffebr 16. 1647-8.
Whereas this Committee have the 17th of March 1646 Grted [granted]
50li a yeare out of the Rents & Revenues reserved payable & belonging
to the Deane & Chapter of Carlile out of there possions [possessions] in
the sevrall termes of the psons [persons] hereafter pticulerlie men-
coned vizt. of Dame Annas Lamplugh the yearelie sume of 131i 6s 8d
of Henry Lowther the yearelie sume of xs of Mathew Cape & Mr.
Barwick Hi 16s 7d of John Orbell 21i 5s 7d yearelie of Mris Orbell
4li lis 2d yearelie of Mr Tully the yearlie sume of 2li 3s 4d of John
Ralph the yearelie some of 3li 6s 8d of Edward Holme the yearelie
some of xxs & of George Relfe & of George White the yearelie some of
40s of Sr. Richard ffletcher the yearelie some of 61i 13s 4d of the
Lord Wm. Howard the yearelie some of viijli of Mr. Aglionby the
yearelie some of Hi 3s 4d of Sir Edward Musgrave the yearelie some
of 4li All wch sd sevrall Somes are payable by the sevrall tennts
above menconed to the Deane & Chapter of Carlile abovesaid out of
sevrall of their possions in the sevrall ptes [parts] of St. Cuthberts in
Carlile St. Maries Ireby Heskett Wetherell Warwick & Stanwix in
the Countie of Cumberland & are graunted as aforesaid to & for the
maintennce of such minister as this Comittee should approve off to
officiate the Cure of the pish Church in Carlile aforesaid the pnte
[present] maintennce belonging to the sd Church being but 61i a yeare
& the sd pish Conteyninge neere 200 Comunicantes it is ordered that
the sd 501i a yeare be pd to Roger Baldwin a godlie & Orthodox
devine the pnte minister of the sd Church for an increase of his
Maintennce wch the Collector appointed by the Cotee of pliamt for
the said Countie to receive the said Rents & Somes of money is hereby
required to paie unto the sd Mr Baldwyn as the said rents shall grow
due & become payable.'
Cuthberts in
Carlile. Nov. 7. 1649.
Whereas this Comittee have by ordr of ye 17th of March 1646
graunted sevall yearly rents & pfitts of money reserved to ye Deane
& Chapter of Carlisle out of Sevall possions within ye County of
Cumberland in ye said ordr pticulerly menconed amounting to 50li
a yeare for increase of ye maintennce of the Minister of the pish
Church of Carlisle aforesaid wch was since by order of ye 16th ffebr
1647 Settled upon Mr. Roger Baldwin A godly & orthodox Divine ye
1. Bodl. MS., 325.
144 The Ejected of 1662
psent Minister of the said Church It is ordered that the Trustees for
Sale of Deane & Chapter Lands doe & they are hereby desired to issue
out their warrants to the Trears [Treasurers] for Sale of Deane &
Chapter Lands to pay unto ye said Mr. Baldwin or unto Eichard
Lowry to his use the Sume of 251i for one halfe yeares rent of the
pmisses due the 29th of September last pvided that the said Mr.
Baldwin shall have first subscribed ye late engagement of ye 11th of
October last.'
To this period also belongs tiie following : —
Carlile. Nov. 17. 1647.
Upon Consideracon had of the Peticon of Thomas Musgrave, Master
6 Thomas Craghill, Usher of ye Gramer Schoole att Carlile in the
County of Cumberland (A coppy whereof is hereunto annexed) ffor
that Complainte is made that there beinge 281i a yeare payable to the
Schoole Mtr of the said Schoole & 121i to ye Usher thereof out of the
Revenue of the Deane & Chapter of Carlile, the paymt whereof is
lately obstructed in regard of ye graunts made by this Comittee, out
of ye Revenues of the sd Deane & Chapter for the maintenance of
Ministers This Comittee doe declare That all sumes of money allow-
ances or Sallaries, by lawe payable out of the said Revenue to the
said Schoole Master and Usher ought to be Contynued unto them
And the orders of this Comittee ought not hinder or obstruct the
paymt thereof, but that the same must bee continued & paid unto
them out of the possessions that are by lawe chargeable with
paymt thereof before any syme of money bee paid to any person by
vertue of any order of this Comittee And this Comittee doe referr it
to the Comittee of pliamt for the sd County to heare & Compose ye
differences betweene all pties therein concerned if they cann or else to
state & Certifie the matter of fact to this Comittee. 2
In the Chamberlain's Accounts ^ for .1649-50 we have
the following : —
For Mr. Baldwin's paines in preachinge at ye election day,
001 : 00 : 00.
1650, for his paynes in preaching from 2nd ffeb to ye 25 March
07 : 00 : 00.
An " Abstract of the Survey of the Eeetories of St.
1. Bodl. MS., 326.
2. Ihid., 325.
3. In the Custody of the Town Clerk, Carlisle.
Theophilus Polewheele 145
Mary's and St. Cuthbert's in Carlile taken a.d, 1650 "
gives the following : —
Brisco and Skuggar Houses Tith Com-To Edwd. Aglionby &c
Trustees for ye use of Mr. Baldwin a Lecturer of St. Mary's & of St.
Cuthbert's, Carlile.
Rent 04 : 06 : 08.
Clear Value 23 : 13 : 04.
To be renewed gratis, i
Soon after this Hoger Baldwin removed and appears as
Lecturer at Penrith, becoming subsequently Yicar of the
Parish Church in that town.^
HOLDSWORTH, 1650.
The entry in the Accounts, under date 1650, is as
follows : —
For Mr. Holsworth paines in preaching 8 weeks : 007 : 00 : 00.
Calamy mentions among his Ejected Ministers three
persons of the name of Holds worth; but probably the one
in question was Mr. Holdsworth of St. Oswald's in Elvet,
Durham, who appears to have been the chief difficulty in
the way of Roger Baldwin's removal to that place. ^
Possibly also this is the person to whom William Lampit
refers in 1650, intimating that he was anxious to secure
the Aikton living.* It may be that he was only doing
temporary duty in Carlisle.
Theophilus Polewheele, M.A., 1651.
He was born in Cornwall, the Polewheeles being a
considerable family in that County. Foster mentions
several among his Oxford Alumni, but these appear to
have taken the Royalist side. Theophilus Polewheele
was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge; and
Hugh Todd names him along with Larkham and Madder
1. The Lectureship, &c., p. 329.
2. Vide p. 420.
3. Vide p. 427.
4. Vide p. 625.
I4i6 The Ejected of 1662
of Mather as coming north from the west country.'^
Previous to his Carlisle ministry he had been a short time
at Egremont, and for a longer period at Kirkbampton,
whence he removed to Carlisle.^ •. . :,. -
The following items are from the Chamberlain's
Accounts : —
Aug. 22. 1651. Item for Banqueting Bestowed upon Mr. Pole-
wheele minister : 00 : 12 : 04.
Sep. 16. Item pd for Spices Bestowed upon Mr. Polewheele when
he set up house : 3 : 00 : 00.
Oct. 6. 1651. Item pd to Mr. Polwheele for the Eleccon Sermon
by Mr. Maiors order 01 : 00 : 00.
Oct. 6. 1652. Item payed to Mr. Polewheele for his Sermon
01 : 00 : 00.
Jany 1652-3. Item pd to mr Polewheele, Lecturer, for one year
and halfe house rent by order 12 : 00 : 00.'
His receipt for salary, dated December 25th, 1652, reads
thus : —
Received off Thomas Jackson Chamberlane by order off the
Cittie ffor one yeare and a halfe sallarie due to Mr. Powlewheell ffor
lecture sermones the some of Twelve poundes I saie Reed 12 : 00 : 00
ffor aforesaid use.
p. me Tho. Sewell.*
Theophilus Polewheele's acceptance by Cromwell's
Commissioners is given in the following documents
together with an account of his rental : —
New Castle
upon Tyne.
By ye Comrs. appointed by Act of Parliamt bearing date ye first
of March 1649 for ye ppagacon of ye Gospell in ye fower Northern
Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland and Durham
March 29, 1653.
1. Vide p. 375.
2. Vide pp. 606, 822.
3. Chamberlain's Accounts.
4. The Lectureship, &c., p. 328.
Theophilus Polewheele 147
Carlisle.
Whereas jNIr. Theophilus Powlewheele being recomended for a
godly & painefull Preacher & of able guifts & knowledg for ye work
of ye minestry & of approved Conversacon for piety hath come before
us & upon triall & examinacon of his guifts by divers godly Minesters
according to ye direcon of ye Parliamt is found fitt to preache ye
Gospell of Jesus Chrest & to be duely qualified & guifted for yt holy
Imploymt Wee therefore by vertue of ye power & authority to us
given by ye Parliamt doe appoint ye said Mr. Theophilus Poole-
wheele to preach in ye City of Carlile & for his support & main-
tennce It is hereby appointed & ordered yt ye rents mencioned &
Conteined in a Schedule hereunto annexed be settled upon ye said
Mr. Theophilus Powlwheele & he is hereby invested in ye same &
as lawfully seized thereof to all intents & purposes as if he had been
instituted & inducted according to any former Course of Lawe &
hath ye like remedy for ye recovering thereof as ye Deane & Chapter
■of Carlile formerly had.
Jo. Claffering, P. Hobson, Henry Ogle, Robt. ffenwick, Cuth.
Studholme, Tho. Cholmley, Tho. Langhome, Edw. Winter, Hen.
Horsley, John Ogle, Tho. Craister, Wm. Shafto, Hen. Dawson, Lu.
Rillingworth.
Entd.
Ant. Parsons
Newcastle Upon
Tine.
A Rentall of Tith rents Confered upon
Mr. Theophilus Powlwheele by ye Comrs
of ye ffowre Northerne Counties for
ppagating ye Gospell dated ye 30th of
March 1653.
Plumton. Mr. Broham Whitsuntide & Martinmas - 04 : 06 : 08
Westward. Mr. Wm. Briscoe St. Mark & Mart. - - 06 : 00 : 00
Wery Holme. Mr. Tully - - - - - 02 : 03 : 04
Keld. Mr. Henry Baxter of Sebraham - - - 00 : 12 : 00
Braithwaite. Mr. Kirkbride of Ellerton - - 01 : 10 : 00
EUerton. Idem for Ellerton 00 : 06 : 08
Carlislefeild. Mr. Orbell Mr. Sewell ffarmer - - 04:11:02
Calcotebanck. Mr. Cuthbert Studholme p. Mr. Orbell 02 : 05 : 07
St. Cuth. Tithe Hay. Mr. Edw. Orfeure of Turpennow 00 : 02 : 06
Spittlecrocke. Mr. Tho. Stanwix 00 : 01 : 00
Rapier close. Idem Christibankes 12d. p. rapier Close
3s. 4d. - 00 : 04 : 04
Wery Holme. Mr. Tho. Stanwix 00 : 05 : 00
Botcherby. Tho. Musgrave de botcherby p. tithe hay - 00 : 01 : 00
148
The Ejected of 1662
Mortonscugh neere Hutton. Tho. Barrow - - - 01 : 09 : 06
Sawsary. Mr. Tully 00 : 01 : 06
John Baptist & Purific.
Eocliffe. Mr. Edward Pierson late Barwicks - - - 02 : 14 : 00
Glasgarth. John Robson & George Edger of Sebraham 00 : 06 : 01*
Carlilefeild. Mr. John Stanwix 10 : 00 : 00
Meal Garner. Rich. Kirkbride Esqr. of Ellerton - - 10 : 11 : 09
Meal Garner. Idem in eodem modo - - - - 03 : 00 : 06
Meal Garner, ffrancis Sisson of Asby in Westmorld - 03 : 08 : 00
Meal Garner. Mr. Whitfeild 03 : 08 : 00
Meal Garner. Barnard Robinson 03 : 08 : 06
Meal Garner. Mr. Extetter 03 : 08 : 06
p Tith Hay. Sissy Briscoe Of Blackell Widdow - - 00 : 02 : 06
Mr. Wm. Barwicke 01 : 08 : 10
Mr. Matthew Cape - - - - - 02 : 01 : 69
Lamas & Purific.
Braithwaithouses. Mr. Kirkbride 00 : 03 : 04
Idem 2s. Idem js. viijd. 00 : 03 : 08
Harraby Tyth-Ensigne Cauffeiid his farmer, Whitso-martin 00 : 10 : 06
Eang Garth & Cawgarth. Thomas Threlkeld of Carlisle
at Candlemas only 02 : 01 : 00
Wethrell and Warwick. Mr. Howard - - - - 06 : 13 : 04
Idem Eodem 06 : 13 : 04
Coatehill. Idem p Coathill 01 : 06 : 08
Thursby Tennts at Whitsontide & Lammas - - - 06 : 13 : 04
Swifthill. Mr. George Barwick at Michelmas only - 00 : 01 : 06
Matthew & purific.
Thursby Vicker. p decimis 00 : 12 : 04
Matthew & Mark.
Proctor St. Maries. Sr. Henry ffletcher - - - - 18 : 13 : 04
Carlile Close Lord Howard Michaelmas only - - 00 : 01 : 06
Carlile Mill. Chamberlaine p. mills 00 : 10 : 06
Michaelmas & Annuntiacon.
Little Banton. Mrs. Lowther 02 : 00 : 00
for Tenn : Bleckell p John Ladiman 00 : 00 : Oa
Andrew & Purific.
Eocliff. Mr. Gent 01 : 00 : 06
Stainton Houghton. Sr. Edward Musgrave - - - 04 : 00 : 06
Purific. only.
Botcherby. Mr. John Agleonby of Drawdyke - - 02 : 00 : 06
Tarraby. Mr. John Agleonby 00 : 13 : 04
Avarisholme. Idem p. Eodem. P. Avarisholme - 00 : 06 : 08
Botcherby Tythe Hay Idem for Botcherby Tithe Hay - 00 : 03 : 04
Barrickfeild. Mr. Edward ffairfax & Easterde Coldbeck 01 : 04 : 06
Theophilus Polewheele 1 49
p Tithe hemp & lynt Thomas Kidd of Carlile due Whit.
& Mart. 00 : 13 : 04
p leeke & onions Idem 00 : 03 : 00
Ja. ClafFering, P. Hobson, Henry Ogle, Robt. ffenwick, Cuth.
Studholme, Tho. Cholmley, Hen. Horsley, John Ogle, Tho. Craister,
Wm. Shafto, Tho. Langhorne, Edward Winter, Hen. Dawson, Lu.
Rillingworth.
Exd.
Ant. Parsons, l
The following concerns Polewheele's Augmentation : —
Carlisle.
The like [Approval] to Mr. Theo. Polewheele of Carlisle in
Com. Cumberland Dated at Whitehall ye 18th day of May 1655.
Jo. Nye Regr.*
Carlisle. July 2. 1655.
Whereas the Comrs for propagation of the Gospell in the fower
Northerne Counties of Cumbland Northumberland Westmland
and Durham by their ordr of the eighth of March 1653 Setled Mr.
Theophilus Poolewheele Ministr in the city of Carlisle & graunted
him for his service there the yearely Sume of iiijli vjs & viijd out of
the tithes of Plumpton the yearely Sume of vili out of the tithes of
Westward the yearely Sume of ijli iijs and iiijd out of the tithes of
Weary holme wthin the parish of St. Maries in Carlisle the yearely
Sume of xijs out of the tithe of Keld the yearely sume of ili xs out
of the tithes of Brathwaite ye yearely Sume of vjs and viijd out of
the tithe of Ellerton the yearely Sume of iiijli xjs and ijd out of the
tithes of Carlisle feeld the yearely sume of ijli vs and vijd out of the
tithe of Calcoate Banck the yearely sume of ijs and vid out of the
tithe hey of St. Cuthbert's the yearely sume of vs and iiijd out of
the tithes of Spittle Crooks within the parish of St. Cuthberts in
Carlisle, the yearely sume of vs out of the tithe hey of Wearyholme
the yearely sume of js for the tithe hey of a Tenemt in Botcherby
within the parish of St. Cuthberts in Carlisle, the yearely Sume of
js and vjd of the tithe of Sawsery within the parish of St. ]\Iaries,
the yearely sume of ili ixs and vjd out of the tithes of Morton within
the parish of St. Maries aforesaid, the yearely sume of ijli xiiijs out
of the tithe of Rockliffe the yearely sume of vjs and viijd out of the
tithes of Glasgarth within the parish of Seberham the yearely sume
of tenne pounds out of the tithes of Carlislefeild in St. Cuthberts
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 1006.
2. Ibid., 968.
I50 The Ejected of 1662
parish in Carlisle the yearely Sume of xiijli xis and ixd out of the
tithes of Meale Garner the further yearely Sume of xiijli xis out of
the said tithes of Meale Garner and the yearely Sume of ijs out of
the tithe hey of Blecketwood within the parish of St. Maries in
Carlisle the yearely sume of iiijli vis & vijd out of the tithe of Briscoe
within the parish of St. Cuthberts aforsd ye yearely sume of vijs
out of Braithwaitehouses within the parish of St. Maries in Carlisle
aforesaid the yearely Sume of xs out of the tithes of Harraby the
yearely Sume of xiiijli xiijs and iiijd out of the tithes of Wetherall
and Warwick the yearely sume of vili xiijs and iiijd out of the tithes
of Thursby and the further yearely sume of xijs and iiijd due from
the vicar of Thursby for the tithe hey of Thursby aforesaid, the
yearely sume of js and vjd out of the tithe of Swift Hill, the yearely
sume of xviiijli xiijs and iiijd arising out of the proctors office of St.
Maries in Carlisle aforesaid the yearely sume of js out of Carlisle
Close, the yearely sume of Tenne shillings out of the Mills in the
City of Carlisle, the yearely Sume of two pounds out of the tithes
of Little Banton the yearely Sume of eight pence for a tenement at
Blekell within the parish of St. Cuthberts in Carlisle, the yearely
Sume of one pound out of the tithes of Rockliffe, the yearely Sume
of flower pounds out of the tithes of Stanton & Houghton within the
■ parish of Stannix, the yearely sume of ijli iijs and iiijd out of the
tithes of Botcherby within the parish of St. Cuthberts aforesaid, the
yearely Sume of one pound out of the tithe of Tarraby within the
parish of Stannix aforesaid, the yearely sume of ili iiijs out of the
tithe of Barrisfeeld in the parish of Heskett and the yearely sume of
xvjs and iiijd out of the tithe of hemp Lint Leekes & Onions within
the parish of St. Maries in Carlisle aforesaid : all within the County
of Cumberland It is ordered that the rents and profitts of the said
Tithes and pmisses respectively not exceeding the said Severall Sumes
yearely bee from time to time continued and paid unto the said Mr.
Theophilus Poolewheele (approved &c) during his continuing Minr
of Carlisle aforesaid or farther ordr of these Trustees to comence
from his last receipt and Mr. Edmund Branthwaite Receiver is hereby
appted [appointed] and authorized to pay the same unto him from
time to time accordingly Provided that the said Mr. Branthwaite doe
examine whether the particulers herein menconed are the perticulers
granted by the said Comrs before hee make paymt of the same &
thereupon pay him lOOli a yeare out of ye same till further ordr Jo.
Thorowgood, Jo. Humfrey, Rich. Sydenham, Jo. Pocock, Edw.
Cressett, Ra. Hall.'
The question arises as to the precise position which
Theophilus Polewheele held in Carlisle. Was he the
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 972.
Theophilus Polewheele 1 5 1
Lecturer simply? Were the pulpits of the two Parish
Churches occupied by other men? That was the usual
position of the Lecturer. As previously intimated he was
not intended to replace the resident Incumbent or Incum-
bents; but he was simply to aiigment his labours. Every-
thing, however, points to a somewhat different state of
things in Carlisle. There is not evidence to pronounce
absolutely; but the probabilities are considerable that
Polewheele served the two Parishes. He is referred to as
the Lecturer for both St. Mary's and St. Cuthbert's; and
the same is said of Holdsworth and Baldwin, his imme-
diate predecessors. Not only so, but in another document
he is styled " late Minister of both ye said parishes." ^
In 1655, not 1654, as Calamy says, Theophilus Polewheele
removed to Devonshire being recommended for " the
porcns [portions] of Clare & Titcombe in Tiverton." ^
His First Fruits Composition for these places is thus
given : —
Devon. July 1658.
Porcons.
Theophilus polewheel cl.
Bound ye said Theophilus, „ ,,, , ■ • •
Clare in Tiverton „ xt ^ ^ n^- inrst Nov. I608 xlviijli
Henry Newton of iiver- „ ,
E. Tidcombe, ^ r^ ^ p « • ffirst May 1659 xijs
ton Gent. & nrancis „ ,^
Thomas of ye same Gent. 3
ffirst Nov. 1659
From Tiverton he was ejected after the E-estoration,
and in the Conventicle Returns for 1665-6 it is said that
he there " keepes seditious Conventicles."* In 1672 he
licensed the house of Peter Bere of Tiverton for " Cong "
worship, this being one of the earliest Licenses issued.
Calamy devotes considerable space to this distinguished
man. ^ A daughter married Stephen Lobb " a very
1. Vide 162. " '
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 997.
3. Composition Books (Record Office), vol. 22.
4. Lambeth MSS. 639.
5. Calamy, vols, ii, p. 239 ; lii, p. 260.
152 The Ejected of 1662
eminent Divine of tlie Independent denomination " at
Fetter Lane, London, towards the end of the 17th Century.^
In reference to what followed Chancellor Ferguson
says : —
In 1655 Mr. Timothy Tullie preached the Election sermon, and
so probably succeeded as Lecturer. But in that year also occurred
the "Vacancy of Ministers" : the few remaining Episcopalians were
everywhere ejected, and the ministers of the two Carlisle churches
went, for we have the record of the election of their successors and
of the great preaching contest which took place between the candi-
dates for the vacant berths in December, 1655, and the following
January. 2
It is impossible to accept that as a correct view of the
case. The " Vacancy " would be caused by the removal
of Theophilus Polewheele, and not by the ejection of the
" few remaining Episcopalians," of which there is no
evidence. Nor is it appropriate to speak of what followed
as a " preaching contest." In all probability most of the
preachers, whose names are here appended, were simply
" pulpit supplies."
December ye 16th 1655.
A note ffor the Ministers charges when they preached here in the
time of the Vacancy of Ministers : —
ffor the Ministers, Mr. Studholme and myne own charges at
Keswicke 01 : 09 : 09.
Dec. 24. Item paid to Mr. Craister' for his charges to London,
10 : 00 : 00.
Itm. pd for Mr. Caves 4 charges at Edward James GO : 05 : 00.
[For James vide p. 156.]
Itm paid for wine and beare when Mr. Tully and INIr. Starr and
others came to Towne 00 : 12 : 04.
Itm paid for Sacke & beare bestowed on Mr. Tomer 6 00 : 04 : 08.
1. Wilson's "Dissenting Churches," etc., vol. iii, pp. 142, 436.
2. "The Lectureship," etc., p. 317.
3. Thomas Craister, Mayor of Carlisle. He and Cuthbert Studholme
were Magistrates.
4. James Cave, Ejected Minister of Thornthwaite, vide p. 660. *
5. Thomas Turner, of Crosby and Stanwix. Ejected from Torpenhow,
vide pp. 191, 201, 581.
Pulpit Supplies 1 5 .
Jan. 7th. Itm pd for Mr. Larkim's i charges at Edw. Craisters
00 : 05 : 04.
14. Itm pd for Mr. Benson 2 at Edward Craister 00 : 04 : 03.
21. Itm pd for Mr. flallowfield 3 and his man at Mrs. Monks
00 : 07 : 06.
28. Item pd for Mr. Warwicke 4 at Robt. Colyers 00 : 03 : 00.
ffebr. 4. Itm pd for Mr. Harrison 5 and an other at Ed. Craister
00 : 05 : 00.
11. Itm pd for Mr. Ardrey 6 and his man at Mr. Pattinsons
00 : 09 : 06.
18. Itm pd for Mr. Gilpin 7 and his man at Edward James
00 : 10 : 06.
Itm pd for Mr. Tomlinson [Corporation Official] for his charges to
Penrith 00 : 01 : 00.
Itm pd for Mr. Croxile 8 horse charges 00 : 01 : 08.
March 3. Itm paid for Mr. Jackson 9 at Edward James
00 : 06 : 09.
March 10th. Itm pd ffor Mr. TibbaldslO at Edward James
00 : 06 : 08.
March 17. Itm pd for Mr. Davis n at Edw. Craister's 00 : 07 : 06.
31. Itm pd for Mr. Grainger 12 at George Martin's 00 : 02 : 06.
April 8. Itm pd to Ralph Beckwth for Ires [letters] to Mr. Starr
00 : 00 : 09.
April 14. Itm pd for Mr. Newton 13 at Mrs. Monks 00 : 03 : 09.
21. Itm pd for Mr. Macmilion W at Edw. James 00 : 05 : 02.
28. Itm pd for Mr. if orwath 15 at Edw. Craisters 00 : 05 : 02.
1. George Larkham, Ejected Minister of Cockermouth, vide p. 684.
2. George Benson, Ejected Minister of Bridekirk, vide p. 709.
3. Henry Fallowfield, of Uldale, vide p. 555.
4. Thomas Warwick, possibly of Aspatria, vide p. 643.
5. John Harrison, probably the Ireby Minister, vide p. 559.
6. William Ardrey of Bassenthwaite or John Ardrey of Cliburn,
vide pp. 673, 1243.
7. Richard Gilpin, ejected from Greystoke, vide p. 459.
8. Randolph Croxall of Kirkland, vide p. 393.
9. John Jackson, probablv of Hutton-in-the- Forest ; or Peter Jackson
of Castle Sowerby, vide pp. 488, 495.
10. George Tibbold of Skelton and Great Asby, vide pp. 481, 1113.
11. John Davis, doubtless, of Kirkoswald, vide p. 334.
12. William Grainger of Brcmfield, vide p. 638.
13. Possibly Samuel Newton, ejected from Rivington, LaJicashire.
14. John Macmillan of Edenhall, vide p. 441.
15. John Forward, probably, of Boltongate, vide p. 565.
154 The Ejected of 1662
May 12. Itm pd for Mr. Hamilton i and his man charges at
Mr. Pattinson 00 : 05 : 08.
19. Item pd for Mr. Courtney 2 at Mrs. Menkes 00 : 05 : 04
26th. Itm pd for Mr. Bumand 3 at Mrs. Menkes 00 : 05 : 04.
Itm pd for Lres going to Mr. Starr [Comfort Starr] 00 : 02 : 06.
June 2. Item pd for Mr. Wood * at Edward James 00 : 04 : 00.
Item pd to Mr. Sewell for Ires to Mr. Bramphwhaite ° 00 : 06 : 04.
May 26. Item pd for wine and sacke bestowed upon the ministers
00 : 03 : 00.
The two men appointed were Timothy Tullie and
Comfort Starr, the former to St. Mary's and the latter to
St. Cuthbert's. The State Papers let in considerable
light upon the character and policy of many of the prin-
cipal men in the City at this time, showing that the so-
called " Malignant " party were far from being the
suppressed party they are commonly represented to have
been. Cuthbert Studholme petitioned the Protector on
January 17, 1655-6 stating that the City was governed
by a "mayor, 11 aldermen and 24 citizens" ; that all the
Aldermen served against Parliament before 1647 and
were ejected except E-ich. Barwise along with some of the
more active citizens; but that the rest were retained in
the hope that they would change their principles and
comply at least outwardly. " Since the Act of Oblivion,"
he continues, " Peter Norman has animated the Malig-
nants and these elected him Mayor in 1654, and again for
this year since which time efforts at public good have been
fruitless." The articles against Norman were that he
joined the King's party; opposed the reformation of ale-
houses; secured election for the disaffected Aldermen;
and countenanced Thos. Musgrave a " Malignant School-
master and opposed a pious one settled there (Dec. 26,
1. John Hamilton of Kirkbride and Thursby, vide pp. 597, 536.
2. Thomas Courtney, ejected from Kirkandrews-on-Esk, vide p. 297.
3. Nathaniel Bumand, ejected from Brampton, vide p. 255.
4. — Wood, not identified. Not certain whether should be Wood
or Ward.
5. Edmund Branthwaite, Treasurer for the County, vide p. 1083.
Illuminating Documents 155
1655)." Instructions were given to remove disaffected
persons and carry out the order of September 21, 1655.^
The following also is illuminating : —
A certificate of the well affected of the Citty of Carlile on the
behalfe of Isaac Tullie and Edward James.
Wee whose names are under written, do certifie That wee know &
have taken notice of the Petrs [Petitioner^ since the yeare 1648, to
be such as have walked unblameablely, lived peaceablely ; and their
Godly and Religious Conversation have clearely and convinceingly,
evidenced to us, not onely (as good Chrestians) their piety to god-
warde, but also (as good Subjects) their fidelity to the psent Govermt,
and it doth clearely appeare to us that the informrs have prosecuted
them meerely upon malice Upon the account of honest and faithfull
men (what ever other grounds they may prtend to lay their informa-
cons upon) And although the mformers have onely publiquely appeared
agt them, yet wee verily beleive and some of us assuredly know,
that they were advised unto, and put upon that businesse by &
through the encuragment of Severall mallignant and disaffected psons,
amongst us endeavouring thereby not onely the ejectment of the
petrs, but also to make that a p'sident of discouragmt to others from
whom wee might (through the blessing of God) expect the like
conversion, being apparent to us, that because the petrs have wholely
and altogether deserted the mallignant party & interest, and given
such Sattesfaction concerning their good affection to the psent power,
therefore the informrs and the mallignant party through them have
malHciously appeared against the petrs maskeing their mallignant
designe under cullour of the late declaration, that so they might
walke the more obscurely, act the more insensibly, and by so faire
a p'tence, might with more facillity acomplish their designe, and so
by this meanes over throw and subvert the true intent and meaneing
of his Highnesse Declaration, endeavoring to make that wch was
p'incipally intended to the discouragmt weakening and subvertion of
the mallignant partye and interest, and to the encouragmt strength-
enijig and Securement of the well affected, to produce the contrary
effects, contrary to the intent and purport of the aforesd Declaration,
. and contrary to the primary intention of his Highnesse and Councell
in the makeing thereoff. Wherefore knowing the pmisses to be as
afforesd wee held it our Duty, & conceived or selves obliged to give
yor Honr Sattisfaction in this matter, and to desire the petHionrs may
have yor Honnrs assistance & encouragemt to tlie retaineing of their
places and imployments, as also to the discouragmt of mallignant &
disaffected psons from things of the like nature.
1. Cal. S.P. Dom. for 1655-6, pp. 118, 121, 122.
156 The Ejected of 1662
Tho. Craister, Tho. Sewell, Cuth. Studholme, Thomas Turner,
Schoolemaster, Willm James, John Robinson, Antho. Craister,
ffrancis Woods, Pet. Todd, Thomas Dixon, Thomas Brisco, Richard
Scott, Isaac Millnr, Rob. James, William Langshaw, William Briscoe,
Tho. Holme.
The names of some Majistrates off Carlisle whoe forbore acting
upon his highnes proclamation.
Isacke Tully alderman.
A godly man for whom ye good party of ye Towne of Carlyle hath
Certifyed.
Edward James, Common Coimsell Man.
A godly man approven also by ye sd good ptie mentioned in the
Certificate anexed.
Richard Moncke, Comon Councell Man.
An ingenious younge man in ye time of danger a Complyer wth ye
Parliamts partye, what was done Agst us was done by Com-
pulsione hath since Caried himself well.
John Harrison, Comon Counsell Man.
Hee was under age And an apprentice when he acted Agst us,
but since hath carried himselfe well.
John Robbinson, Comon Counsell Man.
He was imprisoned before he did anythinge, and now is Looked
upon as a Godly man.
Robert Jackson, Comon Counsell Man.
He was Compelled to act what he did for ye Enymie — hee since
hath Testiffied his affectione to us.
This is ye Accompt that 1 receaved when I was at Carlile from ye
godly partye there And therefore it is desired that they may Act as
formerly.
CH. HOWARD.
[Endorsed behind]
Concerning ye Magistracy Ord. & Ref. 3 Ap. 1656.
Thursday, 3 Aprill 1656.
Upon reading a certificate from Sevall Welaffected psns in the
Citty of Carlisle on behalfe of Isaac Tully, Alderman of the Said
Citty, and Edwd James, Comon Counsell man, these testyfying their
godly Conversation and good affection to the psent Governmt Ordered
by his Highness ye Lord Protector and the Councell That the said
Isaac Tully and Edwd James be Contynued in their respective offices
and places of Alderman and Comon Councellman in the said Citty
and that they doe Act accordingly notwthstanding his Highness Late
Proclamacon and that the Major Genii there take notice thereof.
Upon reading a paper from Col. Howard Depty Major Genii for
some of the Northerne Countyes on behalfe of Rich Monke, John
Timothy TuUie 157
Harison, John Robinson and Robert Jackson, Comon Counsel! men
of the Citty of Carlisle to be Contynued in their respective places
being at present suspended upon the late Proclamation Ordered That
it be referred back to the said Col. Howard to advise wth the
honest Godly and welafected people of the said Citty and if thereupon
they shall think it fitt and necessary for the good of the Towne that
ye said psns be contynued in their sd Offices and places that then
he doe pmitt them to Act therein notwthstanding the said procla-
macon. i
Timothy Tullie, M.A., 1656.
He received the St. Mary's appointment and was the
son of George Tullie of Carlisle, by his wife, Thomazine
Heckstetter. She belonged to the Heckstetters of Kes-
wick, her marriage with George Tullie taking place at
Crosthwaite in 1613. Timothy Tullie matriculated at
Queen's College, Oxford, November 21, 1628, at the age
of 15 years. He took his B.A. October 25, 1632 (incor-
porated, Cambridge, 1633), M.A. June 16, 1635,^ and
became Rector of Cliburn in 1639, having charge of
Milburn also. In 1641 he received the sum of £1 0 0 for
preaching a mayoral election Sermon at Carlisle. A
younger brother, Thomas, graduated M.A. in the same
University, subsequently became D.D.,^ was Rector of
Grittleton in Wilts, in 1658, and compounded in that year
for his First Fruits as witness the following : —
May 1658.
Gritleton. Thomas Tully CI. Bound p. manibus xijl xiiis
Wilts. R. Humphrey Robbinson of ffirst Oct. 1658
ye pish of St. ffaithes ffirst Apr. 1659
Staconer & Thomas Yonge ffirst Oct. 1659
of ye same Staconer. 4
Thomas Tullie held Grittleton along with the Principal-
ship of St. Edmund Hall, and a threatened breach in Sir
1. S. P. Dom. Inter., I. 77, p. 21.
2. AI. Ox.
3. Ibid.
4. Composition Books (Record Office), vol. 22.
158' The Ejected of 1662
Joseph Williamson's friendship drew forth the following
somewhat obsequious letter : —
My good Friend (for so I hope you are still).
Since my returne out of ye Countrie I have been so employed in
settling some matters of concernment here by occasion of our late
Butler's decease (who has left things in some disorder and entangle-
ment), that I have hitherto wanted a convenient opportunitie to
wait upon you (though I have exceedinglie desir'd it) & besides 1
know your hours are precious.
To shorten the trouble of the paper what I can, give me leave to
expresse my great unhappinesse, that having so long enioyed the
honour of you reall heartie friendship (which I ever plac'd amongst
the bounties of your obliging nature, not your debts) I should on a
sudden be struck to ye heart (I'm sure the wounds no Jesse) with the
report and sense of your displeasure. Good Sr be not offended at ye
question, qua merui culpam? It must certainlie not onlie be a fault,
but in your account a verie great one which calls for this severitie to
an old acquaintance, and (I blesse God I can speake it heartilie) to
one that never in his life had either an unkind or a disrespectful
thought of you to this day — utinamque oculos in pectora posses inserere.
I write this Sr with some passion (I mean of griefe, wch runs over
at my eyes, as well as at my pen). Deare Sr, in short one thing
troubles me most, that you should looke upon me as an ungrateful!
person, for heu omnia dixti. I hope I hate that monster of vices,
and shall wait your leisure with all thankfulnesse, might I but know
you would some time afford me the libertie to receive your instruc-
tions in that particr. As for Mr. Prov, I am sorrie you should suspect
he has any such influence upon me, which I hope shall never be
allowed by me to any creature upon earth. Our acquaintance you
know is not of yesterday's date : He has bin alwaies kind & civill
to me, & I need not tell you that that religion which binds me to
love my enemyes, is far from obliging me to qarrell with my friends.
If indeed I had ever since I knew him done ye least ill office in word
or deed to any he has not (to my griefe) the like favour for I should
snatch the hot iron out of my worst enemies hand (if any such I
have) to brand my selfe withall ; but of anie such iniquitie I trust
God & my own Conscience will acquitt me. Dear Sr I give you too
much trouble, but indeed in regard to ye holie time approaching (when
I purpose God willing to receive ye Sacrt) I thought it expedient to
indeavour your satisfaction in this (to me verie unexpected & most
unhappy) business, assuring you that however you may have mistaken
me or I may have been misrepresented to you by others, I am ever
(what your merit that made me)
Your most reall friend & affectionatelie humble servt,
T. TULLIE.
Comfort Starr 1 59
10 ber 23.
Would to God Sr I knew when I might wait upon you with ye
least trouble to you for one minute of private discourse with you.
To my bond friend Joseph Williamson Esqr. at Court [in pencil,
"1665 Dec. 23"].^
Thomas Tullie was Dean of Ripon at the time of his
death, which took place January 14, 1675-6. Isaac Tullie,
previously named as the youthful historian of the Siege
of Carlisle, was also brother to Timothy, being Mayor of
the City at the time of the Restoration. The Tullie
House Library, in Carlisle, is an abiding memorial of the
importance and influence of the family.
Comfort Stake, M.A., 1656.
He was appointed to St. Cuthbert's and respecting him
Calamy says : —
CARLISLE : Mr. Comfort Starr. He was born at Ashford in
Kent where his Father was Physician. He was Educated in New-
England where in 1647 he took the Degree of M.A. and was some
time Fellow of Harvard College. He was Ejected from this place
[Carlisle] ; and afterwards perform'd laborious Service in several
places in the County of Kent ; and was at last Pastor of a Church
at Lewes in Sussex, where he died October the 30th 1711, In the
87th Year of his Age.2
Starr was not an uncommon family name in Puritan
circles, especially in Kent and Devon. Thomas Starr of
Canterbury, yeoman, and Susan his wife, with one child
took passage from Sandwich for the New World shortly
before June 1637.^ Joy Starr was one of the Churchwardens
of Ashford Church, Kent, in 1644, and with his brother
warden he removed the altar from the Parish Church. On
March 3rd, 1657, "some differences having arisen between
Brother Reinolds and Brother Starr " in relation to the
accounts of the Church then assembling in Dancing
1. S. P. Dom. Car. II. vol. 139, fol. 100.
2. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 150 ; vol. iii, p. 226.
3. Boys's " History of Sandwich," p. 752.
i6o The Ejected of 1662
House Yard, Canterbury, the Church considered the
matter, and the record proceeds " that Brother Starr had
in him very much of that wch was the root of all evill —
the love of money — and that thence proceeded the evill
of his carriage in the case." On September 7th, 1658, it
is stated in the Church Book that " Or [our] Brother Starr
declared his sorrow and repentance for the offence of wch
hee was formerly admonished, and the church was recon-
ciled to him." Richard Starr's name was appended to an
application by a " Church of Christ " in Exeter, in 1672,
that one " Mr. Lewes Stuckley be allowed to be or [our]
Teacher." Thomas Bernard Starr, who was a Noncon-
formist Minister, at Topsham in Devonshire, was on
August 25th, 1687, ordained with seven others at Lyme.
Thomas Starr, in 1672, signed a memorial of thanks for the
Declaration of Indulgence from " a licensed Congregation
in Dartmouth," Devon.
The following inscription on a black marble tablet
placed in St. Dunstan's Church, Cranbrook, Kent, in 1909,
in memory of Dr. Comfort Starr, father of Comfort Starr
of Carlisle, contains some interesting information : —
In memory of Dr. Comfort Starr, baptized in Cranbrook Church,
6th July, 1589. A warden of St. Mary's Ashford, Kent, 1631. Sailed
from Sandwich for New England, 1635. One of the earliest benefac-
tors of Harvard, the first college in America, 1638, of which his son,
Comfort, was one of the Incorporators, 1650. Died at Boston, New
England, 2nd January, 1659. A distinguished surgeon, eminent for
Christian character. Erected by his American descendants, 1909.
The entry on the " Register of those who sailed from
Sandwich in the " Hercules " in March, 1634/5, gives : —
" Comfort Starre of Ashford, chirurgion, with three
children and three servants." Those signing his Certi-
ficate, and testifying that he was " in conformity to the
orders and discipline of the church, and that he had taken
the oath of allegiance and supremacy" were "Edm. Hayes,
Yicar of Ashford, 21 Mar., 1634, Jno. Honnywood, Tho.
Godfrey, Justices." It will be noted that no mention is
made of his wife, neither is he described as a widower.
Comfort Starr i6i
Comfort Starr would be only some ten years old when
he crossed the Atlantic, and in the University of which
his father was a benefactor, he became a distinguished
scholar. In his " Magnalia" Cotton Mather gives a list of
Harvard students in which appears the following : —
1647 Consolantius Starr. M. Socius.^
How he came to be introduced to the Church at
Carlisle we have no means of knowing; and at the time
of his appointment he would be about 31 years of age.
The Cockermouth Church Book notes the baptism of
" Comfort ye son of Comfort Starr," and " Hannah ye
da. of Alex. Auvelins," at Carlisle, by George Larkham,
on May 28th, 1657 ; and it appears that Comfort Starr's
wife, " Grace," was a member of the Cockermouth Church.
In the Church Book appears a note of her dismissal.
Whether she belonged to the Cockermouth district is not
clear.
Comfort Starr was of the " Congregational way."
George Larkham, in the Cockermouth Church Book, under
date September, 1658, refers to a " letter being sent to
ye church at Carlisle from Mr. Griffith, PastDr of a
Church in London, appointed to write to ye churches in
the country by the churches in & about London, for a
generall meeting of the churches in England of ye
Congregaonall way at the Savoy in London the 29th of
ye same month, to draw vip a confession of their faith,
& declaraon of their order &c." Some of the replies to
Mr. Griffith's letter have been preserved in Peck's "Desid-
erata Curiosa," and among them is Comfort Starr's, the
only one for the area with which we are concerned. It is
as follows : —
Comfort Starr of Carlisle to the same [Henry Scobell] ; signifying
his Receipt of Mr. George Griffith's Letter. Dated 1. Sept. 1658.
An original (once Mr. Oudart's) now in the Hands of the Editor.
"Sir Sep., 1658. 10. c. U.
There came to my Hands by the last Post, a Letter which Mr.
1. Book iv, p. 136.
L
1 62 The Ejected of 1662
George Griffith wrote to mee in the Name & by the Appointment of
the Congregational Elders in & about London. This much I am
desired by the first opportunity to signify unto you ; which accordingly
being, done, 1 shall (without further troubling of you) take Leave &
Subscribe my Selfe as I am
Sir Your Worships himible Servant Comfort Starr.
Carlisle Sept 1.
MDCLVm.
For the Worshipfull Henry Scobell Esq. Clerk of the Countell at
Whitehall : These, London."
[The Seal, a PhcEnix burning in her nest.]l
The Church, at Cockermouth " did make choice of their
Pastour to go there as a Messenger, who began his iourney
Sept. 20." George Larkham probably sufficed for the
district in the important gathering.
The following documents give a full and continuous
story of events in Carlisle, up to the time of the
Restoration, which led to such large changes : —
Maries &
Cuthberts in
Carlisle. January 11. 1655.
Upon Consideracon had of the peticon of the parishioners of the
Severall parishes of Maryes & Cuthberts within and without the city
of Carlisle & of the Severall Chappelryes thereto belonging & of the
allowance of one hundred & twenty poundes a yeare alleadged to bee
granted by the Comrs for propagating the Gospell to Mr. Polewheele
late Minister of both ye said parishes In regard there is noe other
maintennce to the ^linrs of the said Churches belonging the same
being from tyme to tyme supplyed by the Deane and prebends of
Carlisle aforesaid Ordered that in Case it shall appeare upon report
from Mr. Edmund Branthwaite Recr. of the State of the Revenue of
that County & how the same stands charged and that forty poundes
a yeare may bee Advanced over and above the said one hundred &
twenty poundes a yeare for the maintennce of the Ministrs of the said
Towne the Trustees will take into Consideracon the setling of Mr.
Timothy Tully Min^str of St. Maryes & Mr. Comfort Starre Minr of
St. Cuthberts & of eight score poundes a yeare for their maintennce
Jo. Thorowgood Ri. Sydenham Jo. Pocock Edw. Hopkins Ri. Yong.2
1. Vol. ii, Liber xiii, p. 29.
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 1008.
Comfort Starr 163
Carlisle. April 22. 1656.
Ordered that Mr. Timothy Tully and Mr. Comfort Starre bee setled
Ministrs in the parishes of St. Cuthberts & St. Maries in the City of
Carlisle with the Chappells thereto belonging And that the yearely
Sume of ffower score poundes a peice bee setled upon them for
increase of their jNIaintennce during theire Continuance there upon
theire producing Certificates of theire respective Approbacons from
the Comrs for Approbacon of publique preachers.
Jo. Thorowgood Ra. Hall Jo. Humfrey Jo. Pocock. 1
Cuthberts in
Carlisle. April 24. 1656.
Whereas the Rectories of the pish Churches of Maries & Cuthberts
wthin the City of Carlisle being impropriat« to the late Deane &
Chapter ot Carlisle the cures of the said Churches were under the
care & provision of the said Deane & Chapter there being foure
Chappelries thereunto Belonging & the said City pishes and Chappel-
ries are now destitute of any Minister It is ordered That Timothy
Tully a godly & Painefull preacher of the Gospell be & he is hereby
appointed Minister of the said pish Church of Cuthberts & yt he take
care of the cure thereof by preaching & diligently instructing the
pishioners of the said pish & the Chappelries thereof & yt he shall
have for his said Service all ffees, Salaries, Stipends & Allowances to
the Minister of the said Church due or of right accustomed. And it
is further ordered that ye yearely sume of fourscore pounds be from
time to time paid unto the said ilr. Tully (approved according to the
Ordinance for Approbacon of publique preachers) out of the rents &
profitts hereafter menconed (vizt) the yearely sume of Eight poundes
iijs & ixd out of the tithes of Meal Garner the further yrly sume of iiijli
viiijs & vijd out of the tithe of hay of Meal Garner the further jrrly
sume of vijs out of Braithwaite houses wthin the pish of St. Maries in
Carlisle aforesaid the further yrly sume of 10s out of tithe of Harraby
the further yrly Sume of ijli js out of the tithes of King Garth & Caw
Garth the further yrly sume of jli vis & viijd out of the tithes of
Coate hill the further yrly sume of vjli xiijs & iiijd out of the tithes of
Thursby the further yrly sume of js & vjd out of the tithes of Swift
hill, the yrly tenth of xijs & iiijd issuing out of the viccarage of
Thursby the further yrly Sume of xviijli xiijs & iiijd arising out of
the Proctors office of St. Maries in Carlisle aforesaid the further yrly
sume of js out of ye tithe of Carlisle close the further yrly Sume of
10s out of the Mills wthin the City of Carlisle, the further yrly sume
of ijli out of the tithes of Little Banton the yrly Sume of 8d for a
tenemt at Bleckett wthin the pish of St Cuthberts in Carlisle the
further yrly sume of jli out of ye tithe of Rocliffe the further yrly
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 972.
1 64 The Ejected of 1662
sume of iijjli out of the tithes of Stainton Houghton, the further yrfy
sume of ijli out of the tithes of Botcherby the further yrly sume of
viijs & iiijd out of the tithes of Tarraby the further yrly Sume of vjs
& viijd out of the tithes of Avaresholme, the further yrly sume of iijs
& iiijd out of the tithe hay of Botcherby the further yrly Sume of one
pound iiijs out of the tithe of Barrisfeild the further yrly sume of
xvjs & iiijd out of the tithe of hemp Lynt Leeks & Onions of Barris-
feeld all wthin the County of Cumberland & the further yrly Sume of
foure & twenty poundes vijs & ijd out of the pfitts of Tenthes arising
wthin the said County amounting in the whole to the said yrly Sume
of fourescore poundes the same to be accoted [accounted] from ye 23
of Aprill instant & to be from time to time continued and paid unto
the said Mr. Tully for such time as he shall discharge the duty of the
Minister of the said place or untill further order of these Trustees The
said 24li viijs & ijd arising out of the tenthes aforesaid to be paid the
25th of March yrly out of the profitts thereof due & payable the 25th
of December preceding and Mr Edmund Branthwaite Recr is hereby
appointed and authorised to pay the same accordingly Provided That
his order be first entered wth the Auditor.
Edw. Cressett Ra Hall Jo. Humfrey Jo. Pocock Ri. Yong.*
To His Highnesse ye Lord Protector of theComon wealth of England
and Scotland. The humble peticon of the Maior Aldermen BaylifFes
and Comon Councellmen of the City of Carlile.
Humbly shew That the Cure of the two Parishes within ajid without
the liberties of the said Citty of Carlile being of a very large extent
were heretofore supplyed by two able Ministers who had their respec-
tive Salaries allowed and payed out of the Revenues belonging to the
Deane and Chapter of the Cathedral Church there.
That yor petrs now furnished with two able Ministers are
Constreyned notwthstanding what is setled upon them by the
Trustees to give a considerable allowance out of the Publicke Stocke
* of the said Citty for their better support and maintennce.
Yor petrs humble desire is that the sume of 120li p. ann. may
be setled to either Minister out of the Tithes of either pish when
the Leases expire (wch will be about two yeares hence) for supply
of the respective Cures of the sd Parish and they shall pray &c.
Edmond Craister. Edward James.
Thos : Dixon. ' Tho : Caister.
Hen. Vaile. Tho : Sewell.
Thomas Sed. Isaac Tullie.
Robert Collier. Jo : Pattinson.
Ri. Lowry, Maior. Richard Moonke.
Cuth : Studholme. Edw. Lowrie
Willm James.
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 972.
Augmentation 165
Oliver P.
We recomend this Peticon to or Councill to allowe an Augmentacon
of Twenty pounds per ann to each of the Parishes in Carlisle over &
above that wch is at present allowed.
[Endorsed.] Whitehall 31st December 1657.*
Carlisle Peticon
ord 23 March 1657.
Carlisle. Tuesday 23rd of March 1657.
Att the Councell at Whitehall.
Upon consideracon of the humble peticon of the Maior Aldermen
Baylifes and Councell of the City of Carlisle ordered by his High
nesse the Lord Protector and the Councell That it bee recomended
to the Trustees for maintenance of Ministers to setle upon the
Ministers of each of the pishes in Carlisle an additional Augmen-
tacon of Twenty pounds p Annu over and above the Augmentacons
already Graunted unto them for their better maintenance and incour-
agement.
William Jessop CI. of the Councell.'
Carlisle. April 23. 1658.
Ordered that ye State of the parishes within the city of Carlisle and
of the Maintennce of the Ministry thereof bee taken in consideration
when the Trustees shall have received an account of the same from
their Recr and what is done concerning the unity of any of the said
parishes or any other parish with any of them to the end that such
Augmentation may bee setled according to former order and the order
of his Highnesse and Councell now produced as shall be fitt and
requisite. 3
Cuthberts in
Carlisle. Nov. 16. 1658.
Ordered that the yearely sume of ten poundes be and the same is
hereby graunted to & for further increase of maintennce to the
minister of Cuthberts in Carlisle in the County of Cumberland His
Highnes & Councell having approved thereof and that the same be
from time to time paid unto ]Mr. Timothy Tully Minister there
approved by the Comrs for approbation of publique preachers To hold
for such time as he shall continue minister of Cuthberts aforesaid or
further ordr of these Trustees. And that Mr. Lawrence Steele Trear
doe pay the same accordingly to bee accounted from ye 25th day of
March last.
Jo. Thorowgood Edw. Cressett Jo. Humfrey Ri Sydenham Ra Hali.4
1. S. P. Dom. Inter., vol. 180.
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 977.
3. Ihid., 980.
4. Ibid., 995.
1 66 The Ejected of 1662
Mary's in
Carlisle. Nov. 16. 1658.
Ordered that the yearely sume of ten poundes bee and the same is
hereby graunted to and for a further increase of the maintennce of
the minister of Marys in Carlisle in the County of Cumberland, His
Highnes and Councell having approved thereof and that the same bee
from time to time paid unto Mr. Comfort Starr minister there
approved by the Comrs for approbation of publique preachers To hold
for such time as hee shall continue Minister there or further order of
these Trustees And that Mr. Lawrence Steele Trear doe pay the same
accordingly to bee accounted from the 25th day of March last past.
Jo. Thorowgood Ka Hall Edw Cressett Ei Sydenham Ri Yong. i
Monday ye 7 of March 1658, Carlisle Mr. Craister peticons for
repaire of ye Quire of Maryes, Carlisle.
Maries Carlisle, referre it to Mr. Atkms or let the regr state case that
Maries being Cathedral & parish Church Whether it be in the power of
ye minister to repaire it & what repaires.^
Maries in Carlisle. By the Trustees for Maintennce of INIinistrs.
March 7. 1658.
Whereas the Cathedrall church of Maries in Carlisle is also
parochiall & the Chancell of the said Church is much out of repaire &
the Tithes of the rectory of INIaries aforesd pcell of ye possions of ye
late Deane & Chapter of Carlisle (by whom the said Church was
heretofore repaired) is now vested in these Trustees Ordered That it
be referred to Mr. Atkins of Councell with these Trustees to consider
whether ye sd Trustees are bound by Law to repaire the said
Chancell and how farre & therein to report his opinion to ye said
Trustees with all convenient speed. 3
Maries Carlisle. March 23. 1658.
Whereas ye Cathedrall Church of Maries in Carlisle is parochiall &
ye Rectory & tithes of the sd parish Church are parcell of the
possions of the late Deane & Chapter of Carlisle & ye Chancell &
Quire of ye sd parish Church hath been from time to time repaired at
the care & Charge of ye sd Deane & Chapter And whereas ye West
end of ye sd parish Church was demolished in ye late Warrs & the
body of the sd Church thereby rendred uselesse & unfit to receive ye
pishioners of ye sd parish at times of publique worship whereby they
are necessitated from time to time to meet in ye sd Chancell or Quire
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 995.
2. Ihid., 1003.
3. Ihid., 989.
Augmentation 167
for ye ends aforesd which sd Chancell is also very much out of repaire
And it is offered in behalfe of ye sd parish that they will contribute
something towards ye repaire thereof for ye Ease of ye Revenue of ye
Trustees It being prayed that ye Trustees would therefore likewise
forthwith advance a sum of money to that purpose & appoint some
yearely allowance towarde ye same It is ordered that the sume of
Twenty pounds bee forthwith payed by Mr Edmund Branthwaite
Recr for & toward ye sd repaire unto ye Mayr & Aldermen & Comon
Councell of the said City who are thereupon to cause the sd Church
to be forthwith repaired & after such repaires to deliver unto the sd
Mr. Branthwaite sufficient bills under Workmen's hands for the
proofe of the necessary expense of the said sum upon the pmisses.
Jo. Thorowgood Ra Hall Rich Yong Jo Pocock Edw. Cressett'
Carlisle
Maries
D. Mar. 1. ffebr. 24th 1659.
Whereas the Rectory of ye psh Church of Maries in ye City of Carlisle
being impropriate to ye late Bishop & Deane & Chapter of Carlisle &
ye Cure of ye said Church formerly under ye care & provision of ye
sd Bpp & Deane & Chapter being now devolved upon these Trustees
The Trustees have heretofore ordered the makeing up of ye maintennce
of Mr. Timothy Tully Ministr of Maries aforesd lOOli a yeare out of
severall tithes "within ye sd pish & in ye psh of Cuthberts parcell of ye
possions of ye sd Bishop & Deane & Chapter for ye setlin^ whereof
Ordered that the said yearly sume of lOOli be paid out of ye perticulars
hereafter menconed vizt the yearly sume of fforty shillings out of ye
rents & profitts of ye tith ffishing of Kingarth the further yearly sume
of 6li out of the rents & profitts of ye tithes of Newbyfeild & Burn-
thwayte both in ye sd psh of iMaries 24li a yeare out of ye rents &
profitts of ye tithes Harraby Graunge wthin ye sd psh of Cuthberts &
of Coatfeild & Swift within ye sd psh of Maries 131i 6s 8d a yeare out
of ye rents & profitts of y^ tithes of Come of Wearyholme 35s a yeare
out of ye rents & profitts of ye tith hay of Wearyholme & Grumble
Meadow 131i Is 6d a yeare out of ye rents & pfitts of ye tithes of Meale
Garner being part in ye sd psh & part in other pshes & are pcell of ye
possions of ye late Deane & Chapter of Carlisle aforesaid 23li a yeare
out of ye rents & pfitts of ye tithes of Cumersdale & Browne Elston
and 91i a yre out of ye rents & profitts of ye tithes of Calcoatebanke
both wthin the sd pshe & pcell of ye possions of ye late Bpp of
Carlisle to hold to ye Minister for the time being of ye sd psh Church
being duely setled & appved of as by Authority of parliamt is directed
& that ye sumes be from time to time paid from ye 29th day of
September last unto ye sd Mr. Tully for such time as he shall continue
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 995.
1 68 The Ejected of 1662
in ye faithfull discharge of ye duty of ye Minestr of Maries in Carlisle
aforesaid And that Mr. Edmund Branthwaite Recr doe pay the same
unto him accordingly.
Jo Thorowgood Wm Steele Geo Cowper Jo Pococke Ri Yong. l
Carlisle
Cuthberts
d. Mar. 1. ffebr. 24 1659.
Whereas the Rectory of ye pish Church of Cuthberts in Carlisle in
ye County of Cumberland being improproiate to ye late Bishop &
Deane & Chapter of Carlisle & ye Cure of ye sd Church formerly undr
the care & pvision of ye said Bishop & Deane & Chapter being now
devolved upon these Trustees the Trustees have heretofore ordered the
makeing up of ye maintennce of Mr. Comfort Starre Ministr of
Cuthberts aforesd lOOli a yeare out of severall tithes within ye said
psh & in the parish of Maries parcel 1 of the possions of ye sd Bishop
& Deane & Chapter Ordered that ye sd yearly sume of lOOli be paid
out of ye perticulars following vizt the yearly sume of 71i out of the
rent & profitts of ye tithes of Botcherby Tarraby ( ?) and Avariceholme
the further yearly sume of 23 pounds out of ye rents & profitts of the
tithes of Briscoe and the further yearly sume three score & ten pounds
out of ye tithes of Cuthberts psh aforesd All in ye sd pshe of Cuth-
berts & parcell of ye possions of ye late Deane & Chaptr of Carlisle to
hold to ye Ministr for ye time being of ye sd psh Church of Cuthberts
beinge duely setled and approved of as by authority of parliament is
directed and that the same bee from time to time pd from the 29th day
of September last unto the, said Mr. Starre for such time as he shall
continue in ye faithful discharge of ye duty of ye Ministr of Cuthberts
aforesd And that Mr. Edmund Branthwaite Recr. doe pay the same
unto him accordingly.
Jo. Thorowgood W Steele George Cowper Jo Pococke Ri Yong. 2
To these may be appended the following, which deals
with a Petition for additional sums to various places, for
the repairing of the Parsonage or Vicarage house, the
smallness of the grant to Carlisle being an indication of
the slightness of the need. : —
Proceedings of Council, Thursday, Feb. 18, 1657.
Appr 6 March.
Whereas by an himible peticon directed to his Highnes from ye
Members that lately served in pliamt for the County of Cumberland,
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min) 987.
2. Ibid. MS. 989 has an entry for St. Cuthbert's much similar to
this.
Augmentation 169
on behalf of Sevall able Godly Ministers It was Sett forth that in
pursuance of the late Act for Propagateing the Gospel in the 4
Northerne Countyes, there was appoynted one Edward Winter, Threr
[Treasurerj], since deceased, who reed Sevall sumes of money to be
imployed for the undermenconed in yt Act and that the sayd Act
being expired, there remaynes of the sayd money undisposed of about
200 li wch they pray may be called for from the Executor of ye sayd
Threr or any other in whose hands it is and distributed to the sayd
Ministers (for repaireing such of their Parsonage or Vicarage houses as
were totally ruined or decayed at the tyme of their entering into their
liveings), which peticon his Highness w^as pleased to referr to the Lord
Charles Howard, Wm Briscoe Thomas Craister, Cuthbert Studholme
Esqrs and others or any 2 of them to take an accompt of the moneys
Soe reed and remayneing undisposed and to state a Divident thereof
among such Ministrs as they shall thinke most meete and just and to
Secure the sayd Moneys, and transmitt their proceedings under their
hands to his Highness for his Highness further Consideracon and
direcon. And whereas the sayd referrees before named, havein pursuiance
thereof Certifyed the distribucon following, That is to say To ye
Minister.
Carlisle 05 00 00
Dalston 35 00 00
Kerkbride 03 00 00
Orton 35 00 00
Graystocke 30 00 00
Penrith 25 00 00
Addingham 06 00 OU
Ousby 10 00 00
Brampton 30 00 00
Castle Carrock ... 30 00 00
In toto... 209 00 00
wch his Highness was pleased to referr to ye Consideracon and order
of the Councell Ordered by and with the advice of the Councell that
ye sume of 2091i be distributed among the sayd Ministrs according to
the proporcons aforesayd, And it is referred to the Lord Howard and
to the rest of the sayd Certifiers or any two of them, to call for the
sayd money from the Executors or Admrs of the sayd Threr, or such
other pson or psons in whose hands the same or any pt thereof remaynes
and to see the same distributed accordingly and the sayd Executor
Admrs or other psons, are hereby empowered and required to pay the
same according to such direcions as they shall receive from the sayd
170 The Ejected of 1662
Certifyers or any 2 of them, which with this order and the acquittance
of the ptyes [parties] Soe directed to receive the same shalbe their
Sufficient Warrt and discharge in yt behalf e.'
In the foregoing documents it will be noted that the
scribe has considerably confused names. The same thing
occurs in the Augmentation Lists. ^ Timothy Tullie,
however, had the Cathedral Church of St. Mary's, which
carried the larger salary; while Comfort Starr was at
St. Cuthbert's. Chancellor Ferguson thinks that Timothy
Tullie's higher salary is an indication that he also held
the Lectureship; but that is not sufficient evidence. The
probability is that the duties of the office, whatever they
may have been, were divided between the two. Certainly
the election Sermon for the Mayor appears to have been
preached by each in turn.
What the City directly contributed towards their main-
tenance is indicated in the following : —
1656-7, Salaries.
It. to jNIr. Tully Ministr by 2 acquittances.
£28 0 0.
It. to Mr. Starr Ministr by 2 acquittances.
£20 0 0. 3
Timothy Tullie had also £8 a year for rent and Comfort
Starr £5. 4s. The following is Comfort Starr's receipt for
his half year's salary : —
December 2d 1658.
Eeceived then of Chamberlaine Jackson ye sume of ten pounds wch
was due to mee on ye 23rd day of October last.
I say received £10 0 Op me
Comfort Starr. 4
It would appear that the Brisco and other Tithes went
direct to the coffers of the General Eund for Augmenta-
tion of Minister's stipends, Edmund Branthwaite being
1. S. P. Dom. Inter. I. 78, fol. 460.
2. Vide p. 1313, &c.
3. Chamberlain's Accounts.
4. The Lectureship, &c., p. 329.
TuUie and Starr 171
the Official Eeceiver for the County. Hence the
following : —
April. 28. 1659.
Reed, then for the use of the Hoble. Trustees for Maintenance of
Ministers of Thomas Jackson Chamberlaine the sume of fower pounds
six shillings eight pence for one years rent for Brisco Tyth ended at
Candlemas last past. I say reed, by ye order of Mr. Edmond Branth-
waite the sum of £4 6s. 8d.
by me John Tomlinson.
May 12. 1659.
Reed, then for the use of the Hoble. Trustees for Maintenance of
Ministers of Thomas Jackson Chamberlaine of the Citty of Carlile the
sume of two pounds eighteen shillings for one yeares rent for Cargo
Tyth due at Midsomer 1658. I say reed, by the order of Mr. Edmond
Branthwaite the sume of - £2 18s. Od.
by me John Tomlinson.'
Timothy Tullie and Comfort Starr began their
ministry in Carlisle together, and together they ended it.
As already intimated the Restoration brought the return
of the Cathedral Clergy and consequent Ejection of
Comfort Starr; whether he remained some time in the
neighbourhood is not clear. The Episcopal Register at
Carlisle gives the ordination of " Ludovicus Starre
Iratus " as Deacon on September 20th, 1663. The name
is interesting, though there is nothing to indicate rela-
tionship with the Ejected Minister. Eventually, as
Calamy states, Comfort Starr found his way back to his
native County.
In the Conventicle Returns for 1669 he appears as a
Nonconformist teacher or preacher at Cranbrook, Kent. ^
In 1672 he was living at Sandwich ; and a few days after
the Declaration of Indulgence he made application for
preaching Licenses. The following were requested: —
Mr. Comfort Starre in Saundwieh in Kent teacher.
Mr. John Watts his house in the same place. [There is no date
but it was before April 2, 1672. Vide S. P. Dom. Car. II. 320, No. 20.]
Comfort Starr Congregationall Teacher desires the Old Chappell
1. The Lectureship, &e., p. 329.
2. Lambeth MS. 639.
172 The Ejected of 1662
belonging to the Hospitall of St. Bartholomews Sandwich. [In
pencil, "April 19." Vide S. P. Dom. Car. II. 320, No. 88.]
Comfort Starre of Sandwich in Kent Teacher Congregational].
Their Meeting Place.
The Old Chapell belonging to ye Hospitall of St. Bartholomeaw
near & without ye walls of Sandwich.
Congregational].
[In pencil, "Ap. 19." Vide Ibid No. 93.]
The town of ich in ye
Mr. Comfort Starre Teacher of ye Perswasion Comonly Called
Congregational .
Their Meeting Place.
The Old Chappell belonging to ye Hospitall of St. Bartholomewe
wthout ye walls of Sandwich. [Vide Ibid No. 94.]
This second application is on a torn piece of paper, but
tlie handwriting is the same as the other, and both are
the same as the receipt which was given by " Rob.
Mascall." At first it was diflGlcult to secure a License
for anything approaching a public building,^ and Comfort
Starr only managed to obtain one for himself and house
as follows : —
Starre Congr Sandwich.
Licence to Comfort Starre to be a Congreg. Teacher in his owne
howse in Sandwich 17 Apr 72.
Sandwich Congr Starr's howse.
The howse of Comfort Starre in Sandwich licensed for a Congr.
Meeting place 17 Apr. 72.2
The receipt for these is here appended : —
Eeceived for Mr. Comfort Star his Maiesties Licence & allowance
of his dwelling house in Sandwich.
White Hall Apr 20th 1672.
ROB. MASCALL. 3
John Watt's house was licensed May 1st, 1672.^ Two
or three other houses in Sandwich were also licensed at
which he doubtless preached.
1. Vide p. 55.
2. Vide S. P. Dom. Entry Book 38a, p. 29 (Record Office).
3. S. P. Dom. Car. II. 320, No. 167.
4. Vide Entry Book, 38a, p 63.
TuUie and Starr ly;^
Under date August 12th, 1687, there is the following
entry in the Church Book of the present Guildhall Street
Church, Canterbury, the Church originally of Dancing
House Yard : —
" The Church kept a day. To Begg direction, in ye great
affayer of a pastor ... at which Tyme or [our] Church
Elected Mr. Comfort Starre To be our Pastour."
Two years later, in a list of the officers and members of
the Church, his name appears at the head as " Pastor."
He continued here until 1691,^ when he went to Lewes,
in Sussex, where he ministered the rest of his life. For
quite a succession of years beginning with April 18th,
1698, the Minutes of the Congregational Fund Board
contain the entry : —
Ordered that Mr. Starr of Lewes in Sussex bee allowed £6 0 0.
In reference to Timothy Tullie it is difficult to say
exactly what happened. Probably it was felt, as in the
case of so many others, to be in every way desirable that
a new sphere should be found for him. He would not be
a persona grata to the new men because of his recent
conduct. Always an Episcopalian at heart, described in
the Westmorland Certificate for 1646 as " Minister of
Cliburne, a non Covenantr and disaffected,' ^ that he
considerably modified his attitude in relation to these
matters is clear from the further statement in the
Certificate that " he hath taken ye oath of ye 5th Aprill."
Subsequently he joined the Cumberland Association of
Ministers, and actually became " Modr pro Temp." ^ in
1658. He invariably acted with the Commonwealth
Ministers and his name appears repeatedly among theirs
certifying men for the ministry. He had even committed
a still more grievous offence in accepting a place among
1. For several of the items relating to Comfort Starr's life in Kent
I am indebted to Mr. J. Watkinson of Heme Bay who is busy upon
a work on Kent Congregationalism.
2. Vide p. 111.
3. Vide p. 105.
174 The Ejected of 1662
the Sequestration Commissioners for the County, as the
following shows : —
Thursday ye 7th of Aug. 1656.
Persons hereafter named be added to ye Comrs. appoynted by the
Ordinance for ejecting of scandalous, ignorant & insufficient Ministers
& Schoolemasters.
For ye County of Cumberland
Mr. Thomas Sewill.
For ye County of Westmorland
Mr. Thomas Fletcher.
For ye County of Cumberland
Mr. Atkinson.
Mr. Tulley.
Mr. Joseph Nicholson.^
[No Minister's name for Westmorland.]
The Restoration does not seem to have brought an
actual Ejection; it led to a convenient removal to another
sphere, where he would be free from the opprobrium,
which almost certainly would have clung to him had he
remained in Carlisle. He became Rector of Middleton-
in-Teesdale and Canon of York in 1660. It was late in
the year when he removed as the following shows : —
Dec. 30, 1660, paid for pottell of Sack when you [the Mayor
George Barwick] tooke leave of Mr. Timothy Tully, 00 : 04 : 00.2
Probably for the same reason the Master of the
Grammar School, with the somewhat ominous name of
"Death," was moved about the same time, the new con-
ditions calling for a new set of men all round. Hence
the following : —
Pd to Mr. Death when he went away 20 : 00 : 00.3
The following letter belonging to this period throws
light upon movements in the City : —
Deare bro.
I send you Inclosed a bill of Exchange for xxli to be pd to my
bro Miller, there is 5li more to pay him and if you have not reed 511
1. S. P. Dom. Inter. I. 77, pp. 322, 323.
2. Chamberlain's Accounts.
3. Ihid.
The TuUie Family 175
of Sam. Herbert I doe earnestly desire you to doe me the favor to
pay it and you shall have it the next tearme or before. Pdon me
this tyme on not Inlargeinge my selfe, I have sent a Letter to my
Lo. genrall Concereneinge the 2 Monthess assess, I pray disere my
bro Miller to delivr it I will write to him by my next, there is now
more reason to Looke to ye quakers and Anabaptist then formerly,
and god willinge I will Lie my selfe. out to doe what service I am
able for his Matie whome I hope the Lord will Continue wth Longe
Life in dispite of all his foes in hast I re [torn].
Carlile 24th Yors till death
Dec. 1660. Geo. Williamson.
I pray you Seale the Inclosed Letter wth yor Seale.
To Mr. Joseph Williamson at Secretary Sr. Edward Nicholas his
Lodginge in Whitehall, London. — these. ^
Timotliy Tullie's son, Thomas, an Oxford graduate,
afterwards LL.D., became Cliancellor of the Carlisle
Diocese in 1683, Yicar of Crosthwaite, Cumberland, in
1710, and Dean of Carlisle in 1716. '- He died in 1726-7.
He also held the living of Aldingham in Lancashire from
1694 to 1726-7, the year of his death; and was succeeded
at the latter place by Thomas Tullie, who may have been
the son baptized in 1701.^
The following are some of the Tullie entries in the
St. Mary's Registers: —
Abbeygate, Geo. ye sonne of Isaac Tully bapt. ye 5th Sept. 1656.
Baptisms.
Abbeygate, Joseph ye sonne of Mr. Timothy Tullie ye 9th day
of Novembr, 1657.
Abbeygate, philip ye sonne of Timothy Tully clerke ye 13th
March 1659/60.
1691-2 ffebr, Abbeygate, Eliz. ye daughter of Mr. Thomas Tullie
Chancelr. and Prebend of Carlile bapt. ye 2d day.
1692-3 ffeb, Abbeygate, Mary daughter of Mr. Thomas Tullie
baptiz'd. ,
Judith Tullie bapt. ffebr 18th 1693-4.
Jerom Tullie 31 march 1695.
William do. Sept. 16, 1697.
Tho. do. Sept. 25, 1701.
1. S. P. Dom. Car. II, vol. 24, fol. 35.
9. Al. Ox.
3. Baines's " Hist, of Lancashire " (Croston's Edition), vol. v, p. 576.
176 The Ejected of 1662
1694, Abbeygate, Mr. Tho. Tullie Chancelour Child Buried ye 23
of May.
Abbeys Street Dr. Thomas Tullie Deane of Carlile died ye 16th
of January 1726 and was buried ye Eighteenth.
With the E-estoration Episcopacy returned, and the
first of the Cathedral Qlergj to take office was Guy
Carleton. He was a native of Gilsland; graduated M.A.
of Queen's College, Oxford, January 29th, 1628-9, and
became CD. August 2nd, 1660.^ He petitioned for
restoration to his living at Bucklebury, Berks., in June,
1660 ;2 and was instituted Dean of Carlisle, June 29th the
same year, just one montli after the King's entry into
London. This office would appear to have been vacant since
1642, its last occupant being Thomas Comber, S.T.P., who
was presented to it August 28th, 1630. Becoming Master of
Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1642, "concerned (amongst
the rest) in sending the plate of that university to the
king Dr. Comber was deprived of all his preferments,
and died in 1653." ^ Jefferson says that Guy Carleton,
his successor in the Deanery, was " an active and bold
asserter of the royal cause, in the time of the civil wars;
and in consequence he was ejected from his livings by the
' Presbyterian visitors,' and was imprisoned at Lambeth,
and treated with great severity; after having suffered
many hardships, he made his escape, and joined the
exiled king on the continent." * Doubtless we are to see
the influence of his strong personality at work in the
active measures taken almost immediately, which resulted
in the displacement of a considerable number of men.
Towards the end of 1660, he became, in addition, Canon
of Durham, and in 1672, Bishop of Bristol. Against
Nonconformists he was exceeding bitter. Both at
Durham and Bristol he did his utmost to render nugatory
the benefits of the Indulgence Declaration ; and the
Calendars of State Papers for that period tell a striking
1. Al Ox.
2. H.M.C. Eeport, vii, pt. i, p. 105.
3. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 304.
4. Hist of Carl., p. 249.
The Cathedral Clergy 177
story of his unresting activity with, a view to the supres-
sion of all Conventicles and Conventiclers. Subsequently
he was Bishop of Chichester. He died at Westminster,
July 6th, 1685. The Mayoral visit to him. in his
" Chamber" at Carlisle is thus noted in the Chamberlain's
Accounts ; and it must have been an occasion of consider-
able conviviality to have proved so costly: —
Nov. 23, 1660, paid for sack and wine to Mrs. Monke when you
[the Mayor George Barwick] went to visett the Deane in his chamber
01 : 03 : 08.
Bishop Sterne was consecrated December 2nd, 1660.
A notice of this man's character, who is somewhat of a
puzzle to historians, appears elsewhere. ^ He became
Archbishop of York in 1664.
Lewis West, M.A., who had been sequestered from the
Prebendship of the Third Stall and the Archdeaconry
of the Diocese, returned to both these positions in 1660.
He was the only one of the old Cathedral Clergy who
lived to see the Restoration and return to his former
emoluments.^
Robert Lowther, B.C.L,, became Chancellor in 1661.
He was Rector of Bewcastle. ^
Dr. Thomas Smith became Prebendary of the First
Stall in 1660. He retained the position only a short time
becoming Dean, and subsequently Bishop of the Diocese.
He died in 1702, and the St. Mary's Registers have the
following in reference to him : —
The Reverend ffather in God Thomas Smith Id Bpp of Carlile
Buried in the Cathedral Near the Alter Aprill ye 17, 1702 A worthy
Benefactor. — J. P.
His successor in the Prebendship, in 1661, was Thomas
Canon, B.D., who died in 1668.
Arthur Savage, M.A., became Prebendary of the Second
Stall in 1660. He was Rector of Brougham and after-
1. Vide p. 76.
2. Vide pp. 349, 355, 361.
3. Vide p. 293.
M
178
The Ejected of 1662
wards of Caldbeck.^ His Petition for the preferment in
June, 1660, reads as follows: —
Peticon
of To the Kings Most Excellent Majestie
Arthur Savage. The humble peticon of Arthur Savage
Humbly Sheweth
That a prebendary of Carlisle is now
void by the death of ffrederick Tunstall
and now in yor ISIaties Guift
May it therefore please yor Sacred
Matie Gratiously to Conferre the
same upon yor petioner
And he (as in duty bound) shall
ever pray &c.^
George Buchanan, the Sequestered Yicar of Kirkby
Lonsdale, became Prebendary of the Fourth Stall and
also Yicar of Stanwix.^ His Petition, dated June, 1660,
is in the following terms : —
To the King's Most Excellent Majesty
The humble Peticon of George Buchanan Clerk.
Sheweth.
That your Peticoner hath been a deep sufferer in the
late troubles both for his Alleageance to yr ^lajestye's Royall ffather
of blessed memory, and his Constancy to the Church in the worst of
times, having lost his living in Scotland of 200]i Sterling pounds for
refusing the first Covenant & since been sequestred of the Vicarage
of Kirkby-Lonsdale, Westmerland in England 16 yeares agoe In which
time hee was Chaplaine in Severall beseiged Garrisons of his late
Majesty, and endured many Imprisonments Now forasmuch as there
are three of the Prebends of Carlisle now void by the death of Doctor
Lancelott Dawes, ilr. ffrederick Tunstall and Mr. Henry Hutton
Yor Petitioner humbly begs one of the said Prebends.
And (as in duty bound) hee shall ever pray &c. *
The Lectureship continued after the Restoration; and
as the Chamberlain's Accounts contain many interesting
1. Vide pp. 553, 1247
2. S. P. Dom. Car. 11, vol. 6.
3. Vide pp. 194, 1011.
4. S. P. Dom. Car. II, vol. 6.
Interesting Items 179
items along with the names of several who served in this
capacity, the following further excerpts are given : —
CHAMBERLAIN'S ACCOUNTS.
Aug. 4, 1635 bestoued upon Mr. Moor preacher in p'sence of ye
brethren 0:2:8.
Itm given the 3 Novem to Mr. Ogle a blind preacher 00 : 05 : 00.
8. Nov. 1636 given to a preacher Mr. Porcas 00 : 11 : 00.
1637 Itm given to a minister called Gray brown the 3 of Julij beinge
blind 00 : 02 : 06.
It to Joseph Thurell a minister 0 — 2 — 0.
It to Simond Banks a minister 0 — 1 — 6.
1642. Bestowed in wine upon Mr. Anderton and other Lancashire
Gent, officers to the Lord of Newcastle & the Aldermen 1 — 5 — 8.
June 28. 1643 to a distressed Minister & wife & childn 00 : 04 : 00.
August 20. for carrying of a Ire [letter] to Mr. West 00 : 01 : 00.
June 6. 1650. Item bestowed upon Mr. Tully in wine, sack & Sugar
00 : 11 : 10.
13. Item pd to Mr. Houldsworth 07 : 00 : 00.
1650 It. pd Mr. Baldwin for preaching at. ye Ellection day 01:0:0.
1649 — 50. For severall post letters about ministers & other businesses
01 : 13 : 06.
1651 September 13. Item in wine & sack bestowed upon Mr. Larcam
Minister 00 : 05 : 00.
Sept. 15. Item in Sack & wine bestowed upon Sr. Arthure Haslerigg
00 : 13 : 10.
1651, December 21, Received of Mr. Collyer 4 : 00 : 00.
July 5. 1652. Item Bestowed in Banqueting upon Mr. Benn 01 :00 :06.
9 Item pd for a Scots minister 00 : 01 : 00.
August 14. 1652 Item pd to a Scots Minister called Mr. Roel(?)
00 : 02 : 00.
March 1652-3. Item given to Mr. ffallowfeild for his opinion
00 : 10 : 00.
August 22. 1653. Item payed to one for going to Mr. Nichols to
preach on the thanksgiving day 00 : 01 : 00.
September 20. 1653 Given to ye iudges clarke p. drawing a conviction
of Geo. fTox comonly called a quaker 00 : 05 : 00.
October 4. 1653 It pd to Mr. powlewheele for his Sermon 01 : 00 : 00.
Item pd to Tho. Thomlinson for the oracon 00 : 10 : 00.
October 5. 1654. Imprs to Mr. Polewheele for the Sermon upon the
Eleccon day 01 : 00 : 00.
Otober 1. 1655. To Mr. Tully for a Sermon 01 : 00 : 00.
,, 12. Item pd to a boy for going to Mr. Nichols 00 : 00 : 08.
1655-6 Jan. 30. Item pd to Ralph Beckwith for 4 beds to Sev'all
Ministers 00 : 01 : 00.
i8o The Ejected of 1662
Septemb the 2. 1656. Itm bestowed upon Mr. Thomas Tullie for
Sacke wine Sugar and Bisketts 00 : 06 : 08.
1656 March 25. Itm given to Mr. Hadger an Irish minister 00 :02 :06.
1656 October 13. Imprs to Mr. Tully for a sermon on ye Election
day 1—0—0.
1657 August pd to Mr. Craister and Mr. Studholme for the Ministers
house rent 1 — 6 — 0.
October 5th. 1657 payed to Mr. Stare for ye election Sermond
01 : 00 : 00.
December 7 1658. pd for 1 quert Sacke to Mr. Tully when the
towell was letten 00 : 02 : 00.
1658 July 8. pd for Sacke and wine to Mr. Death 00 : 04 : 00.
1658 December 1st. Pd Mr. Tully by Aquitance 14—00—00. pd to
Mr. Stare by Aquitance 10—00—00.
pd to Mr. Creastor for Mr. Stars house 01—06—00.
June 10 pd to Mr. Creastor for Mr. Stars house 01—06—00.
Payd Mr. Tully and Mr. Starr 3 July 24—0—0.
1658 October the 4 day pd to Mr. Tully for the election Sermond
01—00—00.
November 10. 1658 Given to three Scottsmen by Mr. Tullys orders
by a note made from him ^u — 02 — 06.
1659 May 24 more yt he [Mr. Craister] payd for 2 orders to our
ministers 00—07—06.
pd to Mr. Timothy Tully 014 : 00 : 00.
pd to Mr. Comfort Starre OjO : 00 : 00.
May 24. pd to Mr. Anth. Death for j quarters Sallary ending the
25 of March 1658 p Receipt OjO : 00 : 00.
ffor 2 orders for ye Ministers Augmentation 000 — 12 — 00.
pd Mr. Collyer and Mr. Wilson for their traverse 000 : 05 : 00.
pd for 2 orders for ye Ministers Augmentation 000 — 12 — 00.
1659—60.
Octo. 4 pd to Mr. Starr for ye Election Sermond 1 — 0 — 0.
pd to Balife Scott for Mr. Starres House 1 — 6 — 0.
Pd to Mr. Tullie and Mr. Starr 024—00—00.
pd to Mr. Tully for a whole years rent 008—00—00.
pd Mr. Starr for a years rent 002—12—00.
Imp. paied to Mr. Tully for the EUection Sermon October 2. 1660,
01—00—00.
Among tlie disbursements is the following for the
King's " Corronacon Day beinge the 23rd of Aprill
1661": —
Geven to Mr. Nicholls for preachinge 01 — 00 — 00.
Interesting Items i8i
Oflier items read thus : —
Aug. 17. 1661. Pd to Mr. Thompson, Lecturrer, for his halfe yeare
sallery dew at Lady day last 03 : 06 : 00.
Aprill 2. 1662 pd. Mr. Thomson lecturer his halfe yeares sallery due
at Lady day last past 03 : 06 : 08.
1662 July 6. It. to a distressed minister by Mr. Maiors order
00 : 02 : 00.
Aug. 18. 1662. It. Mr. Thomson lecturer his halfe yeare sallery due
at St. Mathew day 03 : 06 : 08.
June 1662 It. pd Mr. Hecksteter Scoole maister due at sd time
10 : 00 : 00.
October 1662 to ye Lecturer by Order of ye Corporation one whole
yeare 06 : 13 : 08.
Jan. 31. 1661-2. It. Mr. Maior & ye rest in visiting Mr. Buchanans
son in Sacke 00 : 04 : 04.
July 16. 1662. It. in visiting Mr. West at Mr. Hecsteters in sacke
& wine 00 : 03 : 08.
October 16. 1662. It. to Mr. Hecshtter ye Schoole master a gift from
ye Corporation 10 : 00 : 00.
A note of what Salleryes is paid for the Cettyes use 1663-4.
pd to Mr. Hetchstetter for the Grammer Schoole 10 : 00 : 00.
pd to Mr. Wargent being Lector 06 : 13 : i.
November 1664.
paid to ye Lector 06 : 13 : 04.
April 6. 1665. paid to Mr. Crow by order 01 : 00 : 00.
1665. Itm. To Mr. Wargt being Lectorer for one yeare 06 : 13 : 04.
1665-6 To a Minister wch was Comitted to Hugh Hodgson 00 : 11 : 00.
To Mr. Brooham an Acquaintance of Mr. Wargents being a minister
formerly in Ireland 00 : 05 : 00.
Imps. Paid to Mr. Constable for his first quartrs Sallary 00 : 10 : 00.
1667-8.
Octob. 18. It. the Lecturer his whole yeare Sallary 06 : 13 : 04.
ffeb. 1st. Upon old Mr. Warwick.
To Mr. Constable for 1 whole year [pensioner] 02 : 00 : 00.
After this date regular payments are made to the
Lecturer without name until about 1676.
The following also appear : —
1671-2 pd to Mrs. Pattinson for wine Ale and Tobaccoe when you
took leave of Mr. ffrankland 01 : 16 : 00.
1673-4 Given to Mrs. Hugisson being distressed by ordr 00 : 00 : 04.
May 20. Bestowed upon Docter Carter Mr. Savage & Mr. Nelson
& others at John Howes 00 : 05 : 00.
1675-6. To Mr. fforas, Clark 00 : 01 : 00.
1 82 The Ejected of 1662
1683 December 20. To Mr. Rich. Shepherd late Schoolmr for one
year teaching School ended at Easter '82. as Acquitt appears
08 : 00 : 00.
May 25. To Mr. Roland Nicols Lecturer for his half y. Salary due
Lady day last as by 2 Acquitt app. 05 : 00 : 00.
June 24. To Mr. Robt. Harrison for half y. Salary due Lady day
last for teaching ye ffree School 10 : 00 : 00.
1686. Imprs To Mr. Nicols Due Lady Day '86, 05 : 00 : 00.
To Mr. Lamb Lecturer for 2 quarters Salary due Michaelmas last
5—0—0. [No date to this but about 1687.]
1687 September 23. Payed to Mr. Lamb Lecturer 10 : 00 : 00.
1688-9. Aug. 9. Pd Mr. Coale a distressed Irish minister 01 :00 :00.
A few sentences in explanation of these names may be
appropriately appended : —
John(?) Thompson, 1661—1662.
No information about bim is forthcoming, unless the
following from the St. Mary's Registers may be regarded
as such : —
1660 Septemb ffrances ye wife of John Thompson Clerk ye 24th
buried.
In the Commonwealth Survey for 1649 is a reference to
John Thompson, Clerk and Petty Canon ; and a person of
this name also appears among the preachers in the City
during its Siege.^
John Wargent, B.A., 1663—1665.
Probably the person of that name who matriculated,
Wadham College, Oxford, June 1st, 1621, at the age of
18 years.2 He took the Engagement May 16th, 1650.^
In August, 1654, he received Augmentation as Yicar of
Thornton-in-Lonsdale.* There seems to have been
trouble with him here. He wanted the living at
1. Vide p. 141.
2. Al. Ox.
3. Rawlinson MSS. D711 (Bodleian Library). This is a register of
such Ministers as took the Engagement to be "true and faithfull to
the Commonwealth of England as the same is now established without
a King or House of Lords."
4. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 968.
John Wargent 183
Leighton Buzzard; but the Trustees for Maintenance of
Ministers, before whom he appeared March 19th, 1657,
refused it, and charged him with being a swearer. In
his letter to Walker, John Aykrigg, his successor, at
Thornton, says : —
In answer to the Queries sent to the Clergy from the visitation
holden at Lancaster 24 ^lay, 1705 : These are to Certifie whom it
may concerne that Mr. John Wargent in the year 1662 was Vicar at
Thornton in Lonsdale in the Arch-Deaconry of Eichmond and Diocess
of Chester ; by presentacon froni the Deane & Chapter of Worcester ;
which Mr. Wargent was no suiferer in his place in the times of the
Grand Rebellion but of his owne accord in the year 1662 left the
liveing for a better benefit in a Church in the City of Carlile, where
he continued peaceably till he dyed.
This is part of the letter only. It is signed " John
Aykrigg, Vicar of Thornton in Lonsdale, and addressed
to Clavell, Bookseller, in London." ^
It should however be said that the Lambeth MS.
(Plund. Min.) 995, under date March 12th, 1657, gives
John Wargent as " late Minister of Thornton in
Longsdale," and contains the order that he be paid " all
arreares of the augmentation to him due for the time hee
officiated the cure of the said place." In 1663 he obtained
the Bishop's license to preach, being ordained Priest on
the same day : —
Eodem die [Dec. 21. 1663] Licentia pradicandi concessa Johanni
Wargent Clerico in Artibus Baca.
Eodem die Licentia ad inserviendum curae animarum concessa
eidem Johi Wargent. 2
He died at the end of 1666, his burial entry reading thus :
" 1666 Decemb. Abbey, John Wargent, Lecturer ye 20th
buried." ^ Dr. Smith, writing to Daniel Fleming of
Rydal Hall, under date December 21st, 1666, says: —
" Mr. Wargent Lecturer is now at ye point of death of a
Consumption." He was also a Minor Canon.'*
1. Walker MSS. C. 1, No. 242 (Bodl. Library).
2. Episcopal Register. Dean and Chapter Library, Carlisle.
3. St. Mary's Registers.
4. "The Flemings in Oxford" by Dr. Magrath, pp. 163, 555.
184 The Ejected of 1662
John Brooke, 1669.
The following are his receipts : —
March 25th. 69.
Received the day and yeare aboue written of Mr. Thomas Jackson
Chamberlaine the sume of three pounds six shillings eight pence
being the Cyties beneuolence to the Lecturer, reward the Good Lord.
I say received the sume aboue saide by mee
John Brooke Lecturer.
September : ye 21th 1670.
Then : received of : Mr. Thomas : Jackson : Chamberlane the sum
of : three poundes six shillings eight pence being the Cittys beneuo-
lence : to and being in full all that is due for this year : part : I say
received the day and year aboue written
p me John Brooke Lecturer.!
No further information about him is forthcoming.
Jo. Stalker, 1670.
In the St. Cuthbert's Transcripts we have the
following : —
Botchardgate intra — Eliza ye daughter of Mr. Jo : Stalker Master
of ye free Schoole in Carlile & Lecturer of St. Cuth : bapt 1 of
April] 1670.
Roland Nicols, M.A., 1686.
He was Rector of Aikton and for some time Chancellor
of the Diocese.^ The baptism by him of a girl fifteen
years old is thus noticed in the St. Cuthbert's Tran-
scripts : —
1674 Botchergate wthin.
Tabitha ye daughter of Eliza Capell bapt by ye Rev'end Mr.
Roland Nicols Chancellor in ye presence of Tho. Bacon and his wife
and Mrs. Maison being about ye age of 15 years old ye 15 of Aprill.
James Lamb, M.A., 1687.
He was Yicar of St. Lawrence, Appleby.^
It is unnecessary to trace the Lectureship further ; and,
during part, at least, of the period passed in review,
1. The Lectureship, &c., p. 329.
2. Vide p. 636.
3. Vide pp. 294, 1136.
Curates 185
Curates officiated at St. Mary's and St. Cutlibert's. The
following names have been gleaned from the Registers,
though it is not certain that all served in this capacity : —
St. Mary's.
George Martin.
Burial 1675-6 ffeb. Castlegate, George Martin Minor Cannon of the
Cathedral Church 23 daie.
A person of this name was at Warcop in 1626. ^
Christopher Knight, 1685.
He performs marriage services in 1685, 1686, 1691. A
person of this name appears at Hayton in 1627 and
Bolton in 1687. 2
Jo. Clarke, 1697.
A marriage here was conducted by him in that year.
George Brathwaithe, 1691.
May 1691 Abbey, Tho ye son of Geo. Brathwt. Curate of St.
Maries buried ye 17th of Maij.
1720, English Street Mrs. Brathwaite June ye 28th [Burial].
June 14 Paid Mr. Brathwaite all Burials to this day May 31st 1745.
The Editor of Bishop Nicolson's Diary gives the
following interesting particulars respecting him : —
Connected with the Cathedral 83 years. Chorister on first roll
call after Restoration Nov. 23, 1668, Minor Canon 1679, nominated
Curate of St. Mary's April 8, 1685. In 1750 by reason of his great
age and loss cf sight incapable of doing ajiy part of his duty. 3
— . Smith, 1702.
7ber ye 22. 1702.
Abbey Mr. Smith Minister buried ye 22 daye
1. Vide p. 1124.
2. Vide pp. 286, 1176.
3. Trans. (N.S.), vol. iii, p. 2. Note : vide also vol. vi, p. 339.
i86 The Ejected of 1662
— . FiDDEs, 1734.
Abbey The Reverend Mr. fiddes buried ye 11 day of September
1734.
— . BiRKET, 1735.
Burial The reverend Mr. Birket Preben of Carlile child 31 Dec
1735.
St. Cuthbert's.
Thos. Stalker, M.A., 1673.
He was ordained Priest September 25th, 1670; and
subsequently beld the livings of Thursby and Rocliffe.^
The Transcripts give the following : —
1673 Botchergate wthin Mary ye daughter of Mr. Tho. Stalker
Ministr of St. Cuthberts bapt. ye 16th day— 1673.
Burials Mary doughter of Mr. Thos. Stalker ye 24 day [Dec. 1673].
William Addison, 1673.
He was ordained Deacon September 25th, 1670, and
signs the Transcripts for 1673, as " Curate ibm." The
following also doubtless refer to him : —
Bapt ffeb 1680-1. Abbeygate Susanna ye daughter of Mr. W.
Addison bapt 15th.
1694, Abbeygate, Mr. Willm Addison buried ye 3rd Sept. 2
John Calvert, 1678.
He signs the Transcripts for a " vera copia " as
" Clerk," and in another place as " Clericus." There is
the burial entry of John Calvert " Clerk of Carlisle,"
July 24th, 1720. The St. Mary's Registers also contain
the following : —
Baptism 1694, May, fish' gate, Mary ye daughter of Mr. Jo.
Calvert ye 16th.
Possibly the person of that name who was ordained
Deacon March, 15th, 1684-5, and was at Cumrew and
Rocliffe. 3
1. Vide 315, 544.
2. St. Mary's Registers.
3. Vide pp. 269, 316.
Presentments 187
John Calvert and Thomas Bewley are referred to in
Bishop Nicolson's Diary as the two " fighting petty-
Canons" "suspended ab ofl&cio et Beneficio.'' An apology
for " kicking, boxing, and by word abusing each other "
was signed by both on April 28th, 1705, before restoration
to office.^
Thos. Bewley, 1698.
He was licensed Curate of St. Cuthbert's in 1698, and
signs the Transcripts in 1707. Nicolson, in an account of
his ordination as a Deacon, December 21st, 1684, remarks
that " Bewley promis'd my Ld. never to aim at priest's
orders; nor to take a Cure." ^
Thomas Addison, 1728.
He signs as "Curate" in 1728; and as "Minister"
in 1731. Possibly the person of that name who appears
at Cumrew and Grinsdale.^
The following Presentments are noted in the St.
Cuthbert's Transcripts : —
[About 1666.] The names of whom is psented wthin Botchardgate
quarter wthin for not cominge to divine Service is
Mr. Tho. Sewell
Elizabeth his wife
Rich. Heath and his wife
Jacob Beers
Mr. Rich. Scott
Mr. Cuth. Studholme and
Barbara his wife ^
George Biglands and Mabell his wife.
1683.
John Carlile.
Duro Dockeray
Richard Peat & wife, Nonconformists.
1. Nicolson's Diary, Trans. (N.S.), vol. ii, 216 and note.
2. Trans. (N.S.), vol. i, p. 22.
3. Vide pp. 222, 269.
4. Vide p. 1365
II. STANWIX.
Frequently it appears in older documents as " Stannix "
or " Stanwick," and is now a northern suburb of Carlisle.
The Registers of the Church, which is dedicated to St.
Michael, date from 1660, and not, as Whellan says, 1650 ;
Bishop Nicolson says 1661. The first volume is long and
narrow : it is in good condition, the writing being legible
and clear. At the beginning is the following : —
A Register booke referring unto the parish church of Stannix
for all Birthes Buriells and Wedings in this case provided
In the Yeare of our Lord
16hund & 60ty.
At the other end of the book we read : —
The Register Booke of Stanwix
Geo. Buchanan prebendarie
of Carlile being vicar of Stanwix 1662 Burials.
There is also a " Book of Accounts " full of interesting
matter, from which most writers have largely drawn.
The following is the title : —
A Book of Accounts
belonging to
The Parish of Stanwix
in the Diocese
of
Carlisle
Wherein are carefully Sett down not only all the accounts that
Relate to the Church, but also all other Matters that Could be mett
wth in old Records & Writeings that may Concern the Vicaridge of
Stanwix, Steinweggs, or Steynwygges Begun by Mr. Hugh Todd,
A.M. Canon of the Church of Carlisle and vicar of Stanwix.
The list of Incumbents is as follows : —
John Braythwaite, 1585 — 1602.
He was collated by Bishop Meye in September, 1585,
and died in 1602.
Stanwix 189
Thomas Langhorne, B.A., 1602 — 1614.
Collated by Bishop Eobinson, July IQth, 1602. The
Langhornes belonged to Cumberland and Westmorland,
and Foster gives the following respecting a person of this
name : —
Langhorne, Thomas, of Cumberland, pleb. Queen's Coll. matric.
Oct. 10, 1595, aged 15; B.A. 25 Jan. 1599—1600; M.A. from St.
Edmund Hall, 6 July 1603, then in orders, i
It is quite possible that this was the Yiear of Stanwix.
He died in 1614.
John Robinson, M.A., 1614.
Possibly John Robinson of Carlisle, pleb. who matricu-
lated Queen's College, Oxford, April 12th, 1605, at the
age of 15, graduated B.A. November 3rd, 1609, and M.A.
July 8th, 1613.2 He was collated by Bishop Robinson,
October 21st, 1614, and may have been a relative. Dr.
Todd says Bishop Meye, but the latter had been dead at
this time nearly twenty years. A person of this name
appears at Kirkland in 1626.^
Robert Wright, 1616.
This is quite a new name. He was collated by Bishop
Snowden, February 9th, 1616 ; and the place is given as
" Stanwiketh als Stanwix." * Foster has a considerable
number of persons of this name in his Oxford Alumni;
but no one is assigned to Stanwix. Probably subsequently
at Great Salkeld.^
John Jackson, 1622—1624.
He was collated by Bishop Milburn, February Ist, 1622 ;
and resigned in 1624. Dr. Todd in the Account Book
refers to the letting of a certain property in 1635 to John
Jackson, Clerke.
1. Al. Ox.
2. Ihid.
3. Vide p. 391.
4. Institution Books (Record Office).
5. Vide p. 360.
I90 The Ejected of 1662
Robert Brown, M.A., 1624—1639.
He was collated by Bishop Senhouse, September 12tli,
1624, The Dufton E-egisters give his marriage in 1634
and state that he was Yicar of Kirkbampton as well as of
Stanwix : —
1634 August Mr. Robert Browne Vicar of Stanwix and Kirk-
bampton and Mistresse Dorothie Hewer married 25.
He died in 1639. i
Richard Welshman, 1639.
He was collated July 1st, 1639, by Bishop Potter, and
had previously been at Crosby-on-Eden, a few miles away.^
According to Dr. Todd, Bishop Potter was Welshman's
uncle. William Lampit refers to him as Minister of
Stanwix in 1650, and says that he was " an enemy in
Carlisle Town when the Leager was against it."^ Shortly
after this he died or resigned. The Stanwix Registers
give the following : —
Burials. May 25. Mrs. Isabell Welshman of Stanwix, 1689.
1695 Mary Welshman daughter of Mr. Eichard Welshman (formerly
vicar of Stanwix) November 1.
Dr. Todd, in his account of the Parish, after Welshman,
says : —
A.D. 1653 aut circ.
Joseph Nicholson, A.M. After his Time ye Place was supply'd
by Itinerants.
The phrase " aut circ " does not save this statement from
being quite erroneous, Nicolson coming considerably later.
Nicolson and Burn also go straight from Welshman in
1639 to George Buchanan in 1661.* Much of interest,
however, intervenes as will appear from what follows.
It would seem that at this time Stanwix and Crosby-on-
Eden were united.
1. Vide p. 606.
2. Vide p. 200.
3. Vide p. 624.
4. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 455
Stanwix 1 9 1
Thomas Turner, 1653—1657.
His order for Augmentation reads thus : —
30 Junij '54.
Tho. Turner
The like ordr for Mr. Tho. Turner of Stanwix & Crosby in ye
County of Cumb. upon an ordr. from ye Comrs. for Approbacon &c.
27 Junij '54 directed to Cumberland.*
Similarly the following : —
Stannix
Crosby June 1, 1658.
Whereas it appeares to these Trustees that Mr. Thomas Turner, late
Ministr. of Stannix, Crosby, in the County of Cumberland hath
receeved the revenue profitts of the p'misses for the yeare 1657
according to the order of the Comrs. for p'pagacon of the Gospell in
the foure Northerne Counties It is ordered that upon the said Mr.
Turner his payment of soe much money as the reserved rent formerly
due out of the p'misses to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle did
amount unto for one yeare that the residue of ye sd profitts be allowed
unto him accordingly and that Mr. Edmund Branthwaite Recr. doe
allow the same accordingly
Jo. Thorowgood Ri Sydenham George Cowper Jo Pocock Ri. Yong.^
Thomas Turner removed to Torpenhow and was after-
wards ejected there. ^
In April, 1656, Thomas Turner, Schoolmaster of Carlisle,
appears along with other petitioners on behalf of Isaac
TuUie; and, about 1652, a person of this name was
Schoolmaster at Kirkby Lonsdale; while Thomas Turner,
" Preacher of the Word," signs the Baxter Letter in
1653. * Whether it is the same individual throughout
has not been ascertained. The union of the two Parishes
was of short duration, and John Collier was appointed to
Crosby, ^ while Joseph Nicolson came to Stanwix.
Joseph Nicolson, M.A., 1658—1660.
He had previously been at Great Orton, Thursby, and
Plumbland.^ The following documents set the story of
1. S. P. Dom. Inter. G. 22 (Record Office).
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 995.
3. Vide p. 581.
4. Vide pp. 89, 933.
5. Vide p. 201.
6. Vide pp. 230, 533, 584.
192 The Ejected of 1662
the relations between these two Parishes in their true
light, and they are an interesting commentary upon
Walker's statement about Joseph Nicolson's Sequestration
from Plumbland : —
Stannix.
To the Comrs. &c. the true and undoubted Patrons of the vicarage
of the pish Church of Stannix in the County of Cumberland now
become void by the death of the last Incumbent or any other wayes
howsoever Have nominated & presented and by these presents doe
nominate and psent Joseph Nicholson Minister of the word to the
said vicarage praying &c. appurtenances thereof which we doe hereby
upon ye admission graunt unto him and that it please you to doe all
other thinges requisite and necessary to be done by you in this
behalfe. In witnes whereof wee have hereunto sett or. handes and
Seales the ffourth day of November in the yeare &c. one thousand
Six hundred ffifty and eight. Jo. Thorowgood Ra. Hall Jo Humfrey
Jo Pocock Richard Yong.^
Stannix Nov. 4, 1658.
Ffor the better incouragemt. of Mr. John [Joseph] Nicholson in
the discharge of ye duty of Minister of Stannix in the County of
Cumberland and that hee may likewise officiate to the parishioners
of Crosby in the said County neare adjoyning to the said Parish for
inquiry concerning the Union whereof a Comission is this day
directed to bee held. And that the said Mr. Nicholson may not bee
destitute of Maintennce till the said Union bee effected as aforesaid
It is ordered that upon his officiating as aforesaid till the 25th day
of March next. The sume of thirty poundes bee paid unto him out
of the rents and profitts of tithes arising within the said parish and
lately come into the possion of these Trustees by expiration of the
lease thereof. And that Mr. Edmund Branthwayte Recr. doe pay
the same accordingly. Jo. Thorowgood Ra. Hall Jo. Humfrey Ri.
Yong Jo. Pocock Edw. Cressett. 2
Stannix in ye
County of Cumberland.
Joseph Nicholson CI. admitted the 25th day of ffebruary 1658 to
ye V. of Stannix in ye County of Cumbland Upon a Pres. exhibited
ye tenth day of November 1658 from the Trustees for maintenance
of Ministers And Certificates from Rich. Gilpin Tim. Tullye Chr.
Mattenson John Harrison Roger Baldwyn Jo. Myriell Comfort
Starre.3
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 983.
2. Ibid., 995.
3. Ibid., 999.
Stanwix 193
Stanwix
d.d. [delivered] December 23, 1659.
6 Mar.
Whereas ye vicarage of ye psh Church of Stanwix in ye County
of Cumberland exceedeth not the yearly value of twenty pounds the
Leases of ye Impropriate tithes of Stanwix aforesd and of Stanton
and Houghton and of Rickerby both in the said psh of Stanwix and
all pcell of ye possions of ye late Deane and Chapter of Carlisle are
lately expired It is ordered that the yearly Sume of twenty pounds
being the rent reserved upon the Lease let by these Trustees of ye
sd tithes of Stanwix the further yearly sume of fforty pounds being
the rent reserved upon ye Lease of ye tithes of Stanton and Houghton
and ye further yearly Sume of twenty pounds out of ye rents &
profitts of ye tithes of Rickerby amounting in all to the yearly sume
of ffourscore pounds be granted to & for increase of ye maintennce
of such godly and painefuU preachers of ye Gospell as shall be from time
to time duely setled Ministrs. of ye sd psh Church approved as by
authority of parliamt. is directed and that the same be paid to Mr.
Joseph Nicholson p'sent Minister of Stanwix aforesd of whose godly
Conversacon ability & fitnes for ye sd place these Trustees have
reed, good testimony to hold from the 25th. day of March last for
such time as he shall continue faithfully to discharge the duty of ye
Ministr. of ye sd place And that Mr. Edmond Branthwayte Recr.
doe pay the same unto the said Mr. Nicholson accordingly And it is
further ordered that upon setting out soe much tithes in kind as will
make up the said vicarage lOOli a year due course shall be taken for
annexing thereof according to the Act of Parliamnt in that behalfe.
And it is further ordered that ye sd Mr. Nicholson doe pay out of
the first money he shall receive of ye sd Augmentacon the sume of
ten pounds unto Mr. John Collier Minister at Crosby in ye sd County
of Cumberland Graunted unto him by ordr. of ye 9th. of March 1658
& hitherto unpaid unto him & that ye said Mr. Branthwayte doe
therefore forbeare paymt. of ye sd ten pounds unto ye sd Mr. Collier
notwithstanding the direction of ye sd ordr. of ye 9th. of March 1658
unlesse by ye award of Mr. Craistr. and Mr. Briscoe persons indefer-
ently chosen for that purpose it shall be agreed on.
Jo. Thorowgood Wm. Steele Ri. Yong Jo. Pocock Wm. Skinner
George Cowper.'
At the Restoration Joseph Nicolson returned to Plnmb-
land.- The St. Mary's Registers give the baptism of a
1. Lambeth MSS. {Plund. Min.), 987.
2. Vide p. 589.
194 The Ejected of 1662
daughter during the period of his residence in this neigh-
bourhood : —
Richardgate — Mary ye daughter of Joseph Nicholson clerke ye
9 June 1658.
George Buchanan, M.A., 1661 — 1665.
He was the Sequestered Vicar of Kirkby Lonsdale ^ -and
was collated to Stanwix by Bishop Sterne, April 24th,
1661. His Petition for the Prebendship of the Fourth
Stall, in June, 1660, was successful.- He is returned as
one of the clerks of Convocation along with Edmund
Mauleverer, of Crosby Garrett, June 8th, 1661. ^ On
December 8th, 1664, there was granted to him and his
wife "Nicolas" the lease of Caldewstones for a term of
twenty one years. At his instance absolution from the
sentence of excommunication was given to Leonard Mil-
burn, July 20th, 1665 ; and to Edward Langhorn " de
Hauxdale," August 24th of the same year.* Dr. Todd
states that he was collated in 1660, and instituted April
24th, 1661 ; also that at his death, which, he says, took
place in 1664, he " gave 51i to ye Parish, the Interest of
wch is to be given to a Schoolmaster as ye Vicar shall
order." He adds : " Miss Nicholson has ye Money in her
hands." ^ In the Registers of St. Mary's Church are the
burial entries of himself and wife, thus : —
1665 December. Abbey Geo. Buchanan prbend in Ecclia ye 2d
buried.
1668, Septemb Nicholas Buchanan buried ye 3d daie.
Henry Marshall, M.A., 1666—1667.
He was collated March 31st, 1666, by Bishop Rainbow,
and was Chancellor as well as Prebendary. Jefferson
says that the year after his collation he was " murdered
at Stanwix, while standing at his own door and was
1. Vide p. 1011.
2. Vide p. 178.
3. Episcopal Registers.
4. Ibid.
5. Book of Accounts.
Stanwix 195
interred in the cathedral."^ Dr. Smith, in his letter to
Daniel Fleming, December 21st, 1666, repeats the story
of his fall down stairs, stating that his skull was " so
broke, yt he died of it the next day, having never spoken
after it."^ He continued to hold the Crosthwaite living
along with his other preferments,^
Jeremiah Nelson, M.A., 1667 — 1676.
He was collated on June 4th, 1667, by Bishop Rainbow,
whom he served as Chaplain, being also Prebendary of
Carlisle. He had previously been at Elsdon in Northum-
berland, his admission thereto being noted thus: —
Jeremiah Nelson M.A. admitted 4th of Dec. 1657 to Rectory ot
Eslesden in Northumberland.*
His Composition for First Fruits was about the same time
as the following indicates : —
December 1657.
Elsdon Jeremiah Nelson cl. Bound ye ffirst June 1658
Northumberland R. said Jeremiah Nelson & Edmund ffirst Dec. 1658
Nelson of ye Middle Temple ffirst June 1659
Lend, gent.5 ffirst Dec. 1659
xviijli
His life in that out of the way place was not uneventful.
Hence the subjoined: —
LXXXIX. Some persons uxkxowx. For a Burglary.
June 6. 1660. Jeremiah Nelson, Minister of Ellesdon, saith that on
May the 7th a litle before midnight, certain men broke into his
house, and came with swords and pistolls into the said house, and
shot off a pistoll, and did come into the lodging parlour where he and
his wife lyes, and did threaten him often that if he would not give
them his money presently they would kill him, and one of them said
often, "Kill Baal's Preist," and they took away a purse and bag and
money in it. 6
1. Hist, of Carlisle, p. 259.
2. The Flemings in Oxford, p. 163.
3. Vide under Crosthwaite (p. 657) where the story of his accident is
[ given.
4. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 998.
5. Composition Books (Record Office), vol. 22.
6. Depositions from York Castle (Surtees Soc, Vol. 40), p. 84.
196 The Ejected of 1662
[No date but Calendar gives 1665 (?).]
The Kings most Excellent Maty. The humble Peticon of Jeremiah
Nelson Gierke, Eector of Ellesdon in the County of Northumberland.
Humbly Sheweth
That your Peticoner being an old man above sixty yeares of age and
taken wth severall violent distempers, & Liveing above 24 miles
distant from any Phisitian or other helpe from his said Sicknesse, &
haveing always been Loyall and conformable to the Church of
England, he haveing suffered above the value of two thousand pounds
sterling by the late times of Rebellion, all wch being no more but
truth
Humbly prayes now in his old age his Maty will be pleased to grant
yor Peticonr yor Royall dispensacon to remove to use the best meanes
he may in ordr to his recovery, & that he may receive & enjoy the
benefitts belonging to the said Rectory, he takeing care, that the Cure
thereof shall be fully supplyed.
And yor Petr as in duty bound shall
pray for yor Maty.
Jer. Nelson.
Mr. Nelson's Petn for
Non Residence (Dr. Basire).^
Old as he was, lie sought and obtained a dispensation to
hold Stanwix along with his other preferment, as appears
from the following : —
Jeremy Nelson M.A. Chaplain to Guy Bp. of BristoU despensn to
hold with the Vicarage of Stanwix in Diocesse of Carlisle & County of
Cumberld the Vicarage of Corbride in Diocesse & County of Durham.
Winder June 4th 1674.='
In the St. Mary's Registers, Carlisle, occur these entries :
1671-2 Abbey within, ffrances ye daughter of Mr. Jeremiah Nelson
ye same day [ffeb. 27].
1673 July Abbey gate John ye Sonne of Mr. Jeremiah Nelson bapt.
ye last day.
1676 Abbeygate Mary daughter of Mr. Jeremiah Nelson bapt.
the 7th daie [July].
He resigned in 1676. Bishop Nicolson in his Diary II
under date June 21st, 1685, says : " Mr. Nelson bury'd at '
1. S. P. Dom. Car. ii, vol. 142, pt. ii, p. 169.
2. S. P. Dom. Entry Book, 27.
Stanwix 197
evening prayer. Mr. Nicols proffer'd to preach. "^ He
was exceedingly active against the Quakers. ^
John Tomlinson, M.A., 1676—1685.
A graduate of Glasgow University, incorporated at
Magdalen College, Cambridge, and at Oxford, July 11th,
1676.^ He was ordained Deacon, September 24th, 1671,
Priest, September 21st, 1673, and was collated August
30th, 1676, " per cession " of Jeremiah Nelson. There
was a John Tomlinson, son of E-ichard Tomlinson of
Dalton-in-Furness, who went from Sedbergh School to
St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1653, being eighteen
years of age at the time of entering. He was elected
Fellow in 1656.^ John Tomlinson, the Stanwix Yicar
died in 1685.
Hugh Todd, M.A., D.D., 1685—1688.
He was collated, by Bishop Thomas Smith, October
2nd, 1685, and resigned February 23rd, 1688, " ex mero
motu." Previously he had been at Kirkland and sub-
sequently became Rector of Arthuret and Vicar of
Penrith. ^
Nathaniel Spooner, M.A., 1688 — 1703.
Previously at Cliburn, and for some time held the
living at Kirkland ^ along with that of Stanwix. His
wife was Elizabeth, Bishop Nicolson's sister. The following
entries appear in the St. Mary's Registers : —
Baptism Abbey — Mary the daughter of Mr. Nath. Spooner ye 3d of
October 1701.
Burials
March 1696-7. Abbey Jos. ye son of Mr. Nath. Spooner ye 10th dale.
Abbey Mrs. Eliz. Spooner buried ye 3d daie Novr 1698. 7
1. Trans. (N. S.), vol i, p. 31.
2. Besse's Sufferings of the Quakers, vol. i, p. 133.
3. AI. Ox.
4. Sedbergh School Register, by B. Wilson, p. 83.
5. Vide pp. 306, 436.
6. Vide 398, 1244.
7. This cannot of course be his wife, because she survived him and in
July, 1705, married E. Carlile.
198 The Ejected of 1662
In his Diary, under date July 16th, 1702, Bishop Nicolson
My brother Spooner went to Stanwix-church (ye first time since
Xtmas last) and marry'd a couple ; returning in pretty good health, i
He died in 1703. In the Edinburgh University list of
graduates appears the following: —
July 25. 1612. Nicolaus Spoonerius, Minister Verbi Anglus.2
Whether he was a relative has not been ascertained.
George Fleming, M.A., D.D., 1703—1705.
He was collated by Bishop Nicolson, August 2nd, 1703,
and resigned March 25th, 1705. Subsequently he was
elevated to the Episcopal throne. ^ The Registers of St.
Mary's Church contain the following : —
1708 Marriage fhrth Street Mr. Geo. Fleming and Mrs. Cath.
Jefferson Oct. ye 25th.'
Rose Castle Sir George Fleming Bartt Lord Bishop of Carlisle
Buried ye 7 of July 1747.
Thomas Benson, M.A., D.D., 1705—1727.
He was collated March 28th, 1705, by Bishop Nicolson,
whom he served as Chaplain; and later became
Prebendary of the Third Stall. He was the son of Thomas
Benson of Cockermouth and probably grandson of George
Benson, the Ejected Minister of Bridekirk. ^ He matricu-
lated Queen's College, Oxford, April 3rd, 1696, at the age
of seventeen, took his B.A. in 1699, M.A. in 1702, and
became D.D. July 5th, 1716.^ He married Mary, the
Bishop's eldest daughter; and to his Stanwix living
added Dalston in October, 1714. He died in 1727, and
by his Will " left the sum of £50 to the Parishes of
Stanwix and Dalston." ''
1. Trans. (N. S.), vol. ii, p. 172.
2. Cal. of Edinburgh Graduates (Bannatyne Club).
3. Vide pp. 382, &c.
4. Bishop Nicolson says the 28th and speaks of her as "Cous. Cath.
Jefferson." Trans. (N. S.), vol. iv, p. 41.
5. Vide p. 712.
6. Al. Ox.
7. Jefferson's Hist, of Carlisle, p. -io5.
III. CROSBY-ON-EDEN.
This Parish, often appearing simply as Crosby, as
indicated in the previous section, adjoins Stanwix; and
for some time the two livings were united in the same
person. The Church is dedicated to St. John the
Evangelist. Writing in 1703, Bishop IS^icolson says: —
The Register-Book (if it may be call'd so) is most scandalous ; being
loose, in paper, and of no Age. It looks like all the rest that's under
the care of Mr. Bowey, the present vicar ; who is an unhappy Manager
of all his Concerns.'
A new book was obtained shortly afterwards, possibly as
the result of the Bishop's visit; and Henry Pearson,
Parish Clerk, and " Ludimagister de Crosby," acted as
E-egistrar. He was fond of disporting his Latin, not by
any means always accurate; but the writing is like
copper-plate. On the inside page of the cover is the
following : —
This Register Booke was bought at Carlisle ye second day of May
in ye year of our Lord god 1704 at ye Cost of ye pish of Crosby By
Chrefor Wannop Roger Linton John Teasdaile and John Dalton,
Allison John, old Churchwardens ye price was Six shillings Three
pence p. me Henrie Pearson.
This is followed by two baptisms, one in 1649 being that
of "Henricus Pearson" himself " fillius Jacobi." Others
promiscuously inserted as to date succeed; but they are
few in number. The entries are continuous from 1693,
which may be regarded as the proper date for the Regis-
ters. The following is a list of Incumbents: —
L Miscel., p. 106.
200 The Ejected of 1662
Thomas Wilson, 1585,
He was collated by Bishop Meye in 1585.
Foster gives several persons of this name,^ but no one
is identified with the Crosby Vicar.
Thomas Shaw, 1612.
He was collated May 20, 1612, by Bishop Robinson.
Thomas Milburn, 1627.
He was ordained Priest December 14, 1623 ; and collated
by Bishop White June 18, 1627. The Institution Books,
for some reason or other, give a second collation on June
26th of that year.^ Probably he was the person of that
name who appears at Cumwhitton in 1624.^
Richard Welshman, 1635 — 1639.
He was collated by Bishop Potter November 13, 1635;
and ceded in 1639 on his acceptance of the living at
Stanwix.*
William Hodgson, B.A., 1639.
He was ordained Deacon and Priest June 11, 1620, being
collated to Crosby by Bishop Potter October 5, 1639.
Foster gives the following under this name : — " Of Yorks
pleb. Merton College, matric. 15 Dec. 1615, aged 22; B.A.
24 Oct. 1616 : one of these names vicar of Crosby-on-Eden,
1. Al. Ox.
2. It may be well to state here once for all that slight discrepancies in
the dates of Institution frequently occur between the Episcopal Register
and, in the case of the Chester Diocese, the Act Books, the Institution
Books, and the Parish Registers. For the comfort of the reader, however,
it may be added that generally the discrepancies are very "slight," being
represented by a few days, or at most a month or two. I have followed
the authority in each case which seemed most likely.
3. Vide p. 271 : also Institution Books and Episcopal Register.
4. Vide p. 190.
Crosby-on-Eden 201
Cumberland, 1639." ^ Nicolson and Burn have a gap
from this point to 1661. ^ This, however, we are able to
fill up by the aid of the Lambeth MSS. as follows : —
Thomas Turner, 1653—1657.
He was also at Stanwix and subsequently at Torpenhow.^
Joseph Nicolson, M.A., 1658.
He held this along with Stanwix for a brief time.*
John Collier or Collyer, B.A., 1658 — 1661 (?).
Under this name Foster has the following particulars :
" Of Cumberland, pleb. Queen's Coll. matric. 28 April
1615, aged 17: B.A. from St. Mary Hall 12 May 1617;
one of these names ejected from the vicarage of Crosby,
Cumberland, in 1662, under the act of uniformity." ^
He was ordained Deacon December 22, 1622,^ and is given
as B.A., Chester Diocese, but where his ministry was
exercised up to this date we have no means of knowing.
The following deal with his appointment and Augmenta-
tion : —
Crosby. March 3rd. 1657.
Mr. Wood informing that the Lease of the tithes of Crosby in the
County of Cumberland is expired The Trustees doe appoint to treate
for the said tithes on the sixth day of May next whereof the Receever
of Cumberland is to take notice & to inquire & certify according to
former ordr. in that behalf e.'
Crosby. ffebr. 15. 1658.
Ordered yt Mr. Craister bee desired to meet with these Trustees on
the seaventeenth instant when they doe appoint to take the peticon of
Mr. Collier Minister at Crosby this day read into further Considera-
tion."
1. Al. Ox.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 457.
3. Vide pp. 191, 581.
4. Vide p. 191.
5. Al. Ox.
6. Episcopal Register.
7. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 980.
8. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 980.
202 The Ejected of 1662
Fryday 17 Februarij 1658.
Crosby &
Stannix.
Mr Craister Saith there is no possibilitie of uniting, 3 miles distant
ye people of Crosby from Stannix.
peticon for John Collier, psent him to Crosby.
Mr. Craister Saith he will undertake that Mr. Collier shall accept
of 40li a yeare & not insist upon the union of ye tithes.'
Friday 25. Februarij, 1658.
Stannix &
Crosby.
yt Mr. Briscoe & Mr — bee desired to bee with ye Trustees on
Monday Sennight abt yse [these] peticons."
Monday ye 7 of March 1658.
Crosby.
Jo. Collier settled 40li a yeare when admitted.*
Crosby. March 7. 1658.
Ordered yt upon Admission of Mr. John Collier psented to the
Vicarage of Crosby in ye County of Cumberland the yearely summe
of fforty poundes bee setled upon him for increase of his maintence
out of the rents & pfitts of the tithes of Crosby aforesd in ye posses-
sion of these Trustees.
Jo Thorowgood Edw Cressett Ra Hall Jo Pocock Ei Yong.4
Crosby. March 9. 1658.
Whereas these Trustees ye 4th. of November 1658 granted ye sume
of Thirty poundes to be paid to Mr. Joseph Nicholson for discharge
of ye duty of the Ministr. of Stannix in ye County of Cumberland and
likewise yt. he might officiate to ye parishioners of Crosby in ye said
County till the 25th of March next. Now for yt the sd parishes cannot
be united and Mr. John Collier p'sent vicar of Crosby aforesd hath
oflBciated there ever since ye 25th of December last and not the sd
Mr. Nicholson It is ordered therefore that the sume of ten pounds
parcell of ye thirty poundes graunted unto the sd Mr. Nicholson bee
paid unto ye sd Mr. Collier And yt. Mr. Edmund Branthwaite Recr.
by whom ye sd thirty pounds is payable doe pay ye same unto him
accordingly.
Jo. Thorowgood Ra. Hall Jo. Poccock Ri. Sydenham Ri. Yong. 5
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 1003.
2. Ihid., 1003.
3. Ihid., 1003.
4. Ibid., 989.
5. Ibid., 995.
Crosby-on-Eden 203
To the Commissioners for Approbacon of publique Preachers and all
others whom it may concerne Wee William Steele Lord Chanceir of
Ireland Sr. John Thorowgood of Kensington Knt. George Cowper
Richard Yong John Pococke, Ralf Hall, Richard Sydenham John
Humfrey and Edward Cressett Esqrs. Trustees by Severall Acts of
parliamt for niaintennce of Ministers the true & undoubted Patrons of
the Vicarage of the Parish Church of Crosby in the County of
Cumberland now become void by the relinquishment of the last
Incumbent or by any other ways whatsoever Have nominated and
presented and by these psents doe nominate & psent John Collier
Minister of the word to the said vicarage Desiring that the said John
Collier may be admitted to & settled in the said vicarage and vested
with all the Rights members and appurtennces thereof which we do©
hereby upon your admission graunt unto him and that it would please
you to doe all other thinges requisite and necessary to be done (in this
behalfe) by you. Given under our handes and seales the Seavententh
day of ffebruary in the yeare according to the Computacon used in
England One Thousand Six hundred fifty and Eight, 1658.
John Thorowgood Ra. Hall John Humfrey George Cowper Jo Pococke.
[Endorsed behind thus] : Crosby in Cumberland March 4th. '58
Aprill 13th, '59.1
Crosby in Ye
County of Cumberland.
John Collyer CI. Admitted the 13th. day of April 1659 to the V. of
Crosby in the County of Cumberland. Upon a pres. exhibited the
4th. day of March 1658, from the Trustees for maintennce of INIinisters
the patrons. And Certificates from Tho. Sewell Tho. Crayster Cuth.
Studholme Tho. Langhorne Jo. Cocke Jos. Nicholson of Stannix Sim.
Atkinson of Lazonby. 2
Crosby.
April 14. 1659.
Know all men by these psents yt ye 4th. of March 1658 there was
exhibited to the Comrs. for Approbacon of publique preachers a
Presentacon of John Collier CI. to the viccarage of Crosby in the
County of Cumberland made to him by the Trustees for maintennce of
Ministers, together &c. Dated at Whitehall the 13th day of Aprill
1659.3 Jo. Nye, Regr.
Crosby.
April 14, 1659.
Upon due consideracon had of the value of the Vicarage of Crosby
in ye County of Cumberland being seaven pounds a yeare It is
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 946.
2. Ihid., 999.
3. Ihid., 968.
204 The Ejected of 1662
ordered that the yearely Sume of fforty pounds be Annexed to ye
Vicarage of Crosby aforesd out of the rents and pfitts of ye tithes of
ye Rectory of Crosby aforesd parcel! of ye possions of the late Bpp.
of Carlisle the Lease whereof being lately expired came into the
possion of these Trustees & is now let by them at the yearly rent of
two & thirty pounds And that the said fforty pounds a yeare be from
time to time paid unto Mr. John Collier admitted to ye Vicarage of
Crosby aforesd by ye Comrs. for Approbacon of publique preachrs.
the 13th day of April instant to hold for such time as he shall con-
tinue to discharge the duty of ye Minr. of ye sd place or further order
And that Mr. Edmund Branthwayte Recr. doe pay the same
accordingly to be accounted from the 25th day of March last out of
the aforesd tithes and other the tithes ariseing within the sd parish.
John Thorowgood Edw. Cressett Ra Hall Ri Yong Jo. Humfrey. i
Stannix and
Crosby. ffebr. 17. 1659.
Whereas these Trustees supposing there might be a union of ye
pishes of Stannix and Crosby in ye County of Cumberland being
neare adjoyning to each other and by ordr. of ye 4th. of November
1658 Graunted ye sume of thirty pounds unto Mr. John [Joseph]
Nicholson Minister of Stannix aforesd to oflBciate at ye parish of
Stannix and preach to ye p'shionrs. of Crosby till ye 25th of March
1659 [1658-9] ffor yt it appeares ye said pshes could not fitly be united
togeather and that Mr. John Collier then vicar of Crosby had
officiated there ever since the 25th of December 1658 these Trustees
by ordr. of ye ninth of March 1658 [1658-9] ordered yt ye siune of ten
pounds pcell of ye sd thirty pounds should be paid to ye sd Mr.
Collier wch. it seemeth is not as yet paid unto him. It is ordered
that it be referred to Mr. Craister and Mr. Briscoe to award how
much of ye sd ten pounds and how the same may be paid to the said
Mr. Collier and fully to accomodate the business betweene ye sd Mr.
Nicholson and Mr. Collier according to their judgement and discretion.
J. Thorowgood Wm. Steele Ri Yong Jo. Pocock. 2
Calamy and Palmer give John Collier a place in their
list of Ejected Ministers; but they mention his name
only. ^ "What became of him is not known. A person of
this name compounded for his First Fruits in 1672 at
Gluvias Budocke, Cornwall.
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 987.
2. Ibid., 989.
3. Calamy's vol. ii, p. 159 : Non. Mem. (Ed. 1802), vol. i, p. 385.
Crosby-on-Eden 205
John Theakston, B.A., 1661 — 1666.
Letters dismissory were granted to John Theakston,
B.A., February 23, 1660-1 ; and on October 8, 1661, he was
collated by Bishop Sterne. He appears also at Irthing-
ton ^ in that year. Xicolson and Burn say that he died
in 1666.2
Philip Fielding, M.A., 1666 — 1670.
He had succeeded ]S^athaniel Burnand at Brampton,^
and was collated to Crosby on September 16, 1666, by
Bishop Rainbow. He was a Pluralist on a large scale,
having Irthington as well as Brampton and Crosby. * His
Curate at Crosby was Thomas Milburn, who signs the
Transcripts as such in 1667. There is also the following
baptismal entry : —
1668 Johnes fil Thomae Milburn Cur. de Crosby baptizatus erat
25th day of November.
Milburn's license to teach School and read prayers at
Irthington and " Crosby super Eden " bears date 1663. ^
The latter was ordained Deacon September 24, 1671, and
may have been the person of that name who was at Farlam
in 1700.^ Possibly he was a connection of Thomas
Milburn who held the living at Crosby in 1627.
Philip Fielding resigned the Crosby living in 1670.
Egbert Hume, M.A., 1670—1680.
He graduated M.A. at Edinburgh April 15, 1645; and
was ordained Deacon September 25, 1670, Priest Septem-
ber 24, 1671, being collated to Crosby-on-Eden by Bishop
Rainbow August 13, 1672, on the resignation of Philip
1. Vide p. 284.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 457.
3. Vide p. 260.
4. Vide p. 284.
5. Episcopal Register.
6. Vide p. 277.
2o6
The Ejected of 1662
Fielding. He was subsequently at Lazonby and Aspatria.*
The Transcripts give the following : —
1675 Georgius filius Roberti Hume vicarij de Crosby baptizatus erat 7
Decembris
Nathaniel Bowey, 1680 — 1713.
He was collated by Bishop Hainbow August 26, 1680,
and held the Scaleby living in conjunction with Crosby.
In the St. Mary's Registers, Carlisle, appear the follow-
ing, which may refer to him and his wife : —
Baptism, Castlegate, Thomas ye Sonne of Nathaniel Bowey ye 27th
day Dec. 1682.
Burial paternoster row, Mrs. Bowey the i6 of December 1717.
The Crosby Registers note his own burial thus : —
Mar. ye
12 day.
Nathaniel Bowey Vicarius de pochia de Crosby super eden
Sepultus erat vicessimo secundo die Marchij Anno Domj 1712-3.
1. Vide pp. 326, 646.
IV. WETHEEAL AND WAEWICK.
Wetheral is about five miles east of Carlisle. The
Church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and is in succes-
sion to the ancient Wetheral Priory. The earliest Regis-
ters, an oblong volume, begin in 1674. They are in fair
condition, the writing is quite legible, and they are written
in from both ends. On the first page at one end is the
following : —
The yeare of our Lord God 1674 price iis.
Warwick is about two miles north of Wetheral. Its
Church is dedicated to St. Leonard. It has separate
Registers, the earliest volume being much like the one at
Wetheral. On the first page is written : —
Tho. Smith Curate of Warwick June ye 30. 1700.
Elsewhere, however, we have the following : —
The Register Book of Warwick since ye Entrance of Thomas
Nichols Curate,
the first entry being January 1, 1683-4.
In the early part of the 17tli Century the two places
had separate Ministers, but since Commonwealth days, at
least, they appear to have been joined together. No one
of the Historians makes any attempt at a list of Incum-
bents. The following names have been obtained : —
John Bellwood, 1618. ,
The following appears in Lord William Howard's
"Household Books ":--
Octob. 1618. To Mr. Bellwood Curate of Wetherall for one quarter
due at Michaelmas last past xxxs.
2o8 The Ejected of 1662
Under December 19 of the same year is another payment
of the same amount " for one quarter due at Christmas
next." He is further mentioned in a similar capacity
under June 17, 1619.1
There was a John Bellwood, probably the same person,
who was ordained " literatus," September 22, 1611. ^
William (.?) Alleson, 1618.
This name is given on the authority just cited, the
following passage appearing in the book : —
To Mr. Alleson Curate of Warthwick for one quarter due 18 of this
Octobr 1618 xxxs.
He appears repeatedly in the " Household Books "
■ under the names of "Alleson," "Allinson " and "Allyson,"
and was certainly here until April, 1622.^
William Allanson, possibly the same person, was
ordained Deacon, December 20, 1608, and Priest, Septem-
ber 22, 1611.*
Christopher Peile, M.A., 1621.
The following from the same source is our authority
for this name : —
25 of March 1620 Rec. of Rob. Stapleton xxxs and vli which was
paid to Mr. Peele as curate & preacher at Wetherall at our Lady day
last 1621 reckoned in my former booke pag. 65 Ao 1620 in toto
vjli XS.5
This would be Christopher Peile who was ordained
Deacon, June 15, 1616.^ He was instituted to Thursby
1. "The Household Books of Lord William Howard of Naworth Ca.stle,"
(Surtees Society, vol. 68, pp. 98 and 99.) This volume is invaluable and
will repay careful study.
2. Episcopal Register
3. Household Books, p. 181.
4. Episcopal Register.
5. Household books, p. 151.
6. Episcopal Register.
Wetheral and Warwick 209
in 1622,^ and appears to have kept the Wetheral Curacy
as well for some time, hence the following : —
Payd to Mr. Peele by my Lord for one half yeares pension for
preaching at Wetherall due to him 29 September 1624 vli. Paid for
serving the cure thear for one quarter due then xxxs. 2
Among the " rewards " is one " to a manne bringinge a
letter from Mr. Peele at Thursbye xijd [March, 1633-4] .'^^
Jo. Sewell, 1629.
The " Household Books " give this name thus : —
To Sr. Jo. Sewell Viker of Witherall, for one quarter's wages due
at Chrestenmas 1629 xxxs. 4
John Sewell was ordained Priest December 14, 1623.
He was here until, at least, October, 1634, when he
again received his salary of " xxxs." ^
James Pavtston, 1629.
We read in the " Household Books " : —
Januarie 18. To James Pawston Vicar of Warwicke, for one
quarter serving the cure at Warwicke, due the 18th of Januarie 1629
xxxs. 6
Robert Railton, 1630.
The same source supplies us with the following ; —
Septemb To Sr. Robert Raylton for one halfe yeare's pention for
preaching at Wetherall, due at Michelmas 1630 vli, more to him for
one quarter's wages for Servinge the Cure ther. xxxs. 7
1. Vide p. 532.
2. Household Books, p. 219.
3. Ihid., p. 316.
4. Ibid., p. 269.
5. Ibid., p. 340.
6. Ibid., p. 269.
7. Ibid., p. 269.
2IO The Ejected of 1662
The Commonwealth Survey for 1649 has the following :
Wetherall & Warwick, Chapel of Cumwhitton — Robert Railton a
preaching minister is ye p'sent Incumbent att the parish and church of
Wetherall.'
A " Robt, Haylton " was ordained Deacon September 22,
1611. 2
Christopher Matteson, B.A., 1655.
The following from Foster probably refers to him : —
" Mattinson, Christopher, pleb. Merton Coll. [Oxford]
matric. 5 June, 1651." ^ His appointment and Augmen-
tation are mentioned in the following documents : —
Wetherall &
Warwick.
Know all men by these psents that the first day of August in the
yeare one Thousand six hundred ffyfty and ffive there was exhibited
to the Comissionrs for Approbacon of publique Preachers an ordr of
ye Trustees for Maintennce of Minrs for ye settlemt of Mr Xfer
Mattison in ye Cure of ye pish Church of Wetherall & Warwick in ye
County of Cumberland together with a testimony in ye behalf e of ye
said Xfer Matteson of the holy & good conversacon upon p'usall &
due consideracon of ye p'mises and finding him to be a p'son qualified
as in & by ye Ordinance for such approbacon is required The Comrs
above menconed have adjudged & approved ye said Xfer Mattison to
be a fitt p'son to preach ye Gospell & have graunted him admission &
doe admitt ye said Xfer Mattison to ye Cure of Wetherall & Warwick
aforesaid to be full and pfect Possessor & Incumbent thereof. And
doe hereby Signifye to all Persons concerned herein That he is hereby
intituled to the p'fits and pquisitts & all Rights & dues incident and
belonging to ye said Cure as fully & effectually as if he had beene
instituted & inducted according to any such Lawes & Customes as
have in this case formerly beene made had or used in this Realme.
In Witness whereof they have caused ye Comon 8eale to be here-
unto affixed & ye Same to be attested by ye hand of ye Regr by his
Highnes in yt behalfe appointed.
Dated at Whitehall ye first day of August 1655.
Jo. Nye Regr. 4
1. Vide p. 1299.
2. Episcopal Register.
3. Al. Ox.
4. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min) 968.
"Wetheral and "Warwick
211
Know all men by these psents that
the first day of August in the yeare
One thousand six hundred ffifty and
five There was &c an
order of the Trustees for maintenance of
Ministers for ye settlement of Mr. Chrestopher
Mattinson in the Cure of the parish
Church of Wetherhall and Warwicke
in the County of Cumberland Together
with &c adjudged and approved
the said Christopher Mattinson to be
&c and doe admitt the said Christopher Mattinson
to the cure
of Wetherhall & Warwicke aforesaid to be
full and perfect possessor &c In
Witnesse &c Dated at Whitehall the
first day of August 1655.*
Wetherall & Order July
Warwicke. 24 1655.
Chr. Mattinson
Chr. Mattinson
cert, as aforsd
by
Roger Baldwin of
Penrith
John Mackmillaine
of Kainhalby
[Edenhall]
Jo. Jackson of
Hutton
Ran. Croxhall of
Kirklands
John ilartin of
Edington
John Davis of
Kirkoswald
Wm Hopkins of
Mellarby
Sim. Atkinson of
Lazonby
Edw. Winter.
Wetherall
& Aug. 13. 1655.
Warwick.
Whereas ye Curacy of ye pish Church of Wetherall & Warwick in
ye County of Cumberland is at pnt destitute of a Minister & ye Care
of pviding for ye Same is in these Trustees It is ordered yt Mr. Xfer
Mattinson (approved by ye Comtee for Approbacon of publique
preachers to be a pson fitt to preach ye Gospell) doe & he is hereby
authorised forthwith to officiate ye Cure of ye Said Church by diligent
preaching & instructing ye pishioners of ye said pish & yt he shall
have for his paines therein ye yearely sume of fifty poundes out of ye
rectory of Wetherall & Warwick aforesaid ye same to be accompted
from ye first of August instant & to be Continued unto him from time
to time for Such time as he shall discharge ye duty of ye Minister of
ye said place or till further ordr of ye said Trustees.
Jo. Thorowgood ; Jo. Humfrey ; Jo. Pocock; Ra. Hall ; Ri. Young.'
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 996. This document is abbreviated
but one in complete form will be found under Ireby (vide p. 560).
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 972.
2 12 The Ejected of 1662
Weatherall
&
Warwick.
To all whom these psents shall come Wee Sr John Thorowgood of
Kensington Knt Willm Steele Esq. Sergeant at Law, George Cowper,
William Skymoner Richard Yong John Pocock & other Trustees for
Maint«nnce of Ministrs Send Greeting
Whereas the Rectorie of ye parish Churches of Weatherall &
Warwick in the County of Cumberland p'cell of ye possion of ye late
Deane & Chapter of ye Cathedral Church of Carlisle are vested in
these Trustees upon whom the Care of providing for ye Ministr of ye
said parish Churches is incumbent & ye sd parishes are neare
adjoyning to each other & Mr. Chrestopher Matteson hath beene
undertaking to officiate to ye parishonrs of both ye said parishes
Wee doe hereby Constitute and approve the said Christopher Matteson
Ministr and Curate of the said parish Churches And doe authorise
him duely carefully and diligently to preach & instruct the pishonrs
of the said pishes from time to time as well in ye said parish Church
as otherwise and wee doe hereby give ordr & conferre upon him for
his said service all houses, salaries stipends pensons allowances dues
advantages pfitts & availes whatsoever to ye Ministr or Curate of
the said parish Churches belonging & of right accustomed to belong
& appertaine To hold for such time as he the said Christopher
Matteson shall Continue in the faithfull and constant pformance of
his said trust & charge Given undr our handes & Seales ye 4th day
of November in ye yeare according to the Computacon used in
England 1659
Jo. Thorowgood, Jo. Pocock, Geo. Cowper, Wm. Skymner,
Rich. Yong.^
r
Weatherall
& Nov. 10th. 1659.
Warwick.
Whereas ye Curacyes of ye parish Churches of Weatherall &
Warwick in ye County of Cumberland are at ye provision of these
Trustees in whom the appropriate Rectoryes & tithes of ye said
parishes parcell of ye possions of ye late Deane & Chapter of Carlisle
are now vested Ordered yt ye yearely Sume of one hundred poundes
be graunted out of ye Rents & profitts of ye tithes of the said
Rectories to & for the Salary & Maintennce of Mr. Chrestopher
Mattison heretofore entertained to preach the gospell in & this day
setled by these Trustees Ministr of the said parish Churches ye said
one hundred pounds a yeare to be accounted from ye xxix day of
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 983.
Wetheral and Warwick 213
September last & to hold for such time as he the said Mr. Mattison
shall continue faithfully to discharge ye duty of Ministr of ye said
parish Churches And that ]Mr. Edmund Branthwaite Recr doe allowe
the Same unto him accordingly abating out of ye same ten pts of
twelve of all publique taxes & charges issuing & payable out of ye
tithes of the said Rectories.
John Thorowgood Geo. Cowper Richard Yong Jo. Pocock Wm.
Skynner.*
What led to Christopher Matteson's removal is not
clear; but he was gone shortly afterwards, settling' in 1661
at Harrington and subsequently at Workington. 2
— Wilcox, 1660.
This name is inserted entirely on the authority of
Calamy,^ who prints " Wetherhall " against it. Palmer
repeats and adds " C," to indicate that it was a Curacy.
No information of any kind concerning him has been
discovered, and it must be admitted that the case is some-
what doubtful. Christopher Matteson was certainly at
Wetheral until near the end of 1659,* and though an
appointment after that date such as would lead to an
ejection is possible the probabilities are against it. It is
true that there is a gap of a few years after Matteson's
removal which I have so far been unable to fill in. The
name of Wilcox does not appear in Calamy's First Edition
(1702).
Richard Lowry, M.A., 1665,
The Episcopal Register states that on July 28, 1665, a
licentia prsedicandi " was granted to him; and that on
the same day he obtained a " licentia ad inserviendum
curse Rectoriae de Warwick et Wetheral." After about
I two years he removed to Crosthwaite. ^
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 987.
2. Vide pp. 789, 795.
3. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 159.
4. Vide p. 212.
6. Vide p. 657.
214 The Ejected ot 1662
John Dixon, 1670.
The Registers of St. Mary's, Carlisle, contain the
following : —
Burial 1670 July Castlegate Mr. John Dixon, Minister of Wetherall
ye 23.
Beyond this solitary fact nothing is known of him.
Egbert Railton, 1674.
This is inserted with some hesitation, the authority
being the Registers. The very first entry in the book,
which is exceedingly difficult to decipher, reads thus : —
1674 October (?) buried ye son of Mr. Kobt. Bailton Minister
of Weth .
In all probability he was a different person from the one
of that name previously given. Foster gives the follow-
ing respecting Robert Railton, son of William, of Carlisle,
who may have been a connection : — "Queen's Coll. matric.
14 July, 1691, aged 19; B.A. 1696, M.A. 1698, Yicar of
Marston, Oxon, 1705, and rector of Headley, Hants.
1717." 1
Gabriel Smallwood, M.A., 1681.
He was ordained Deacon September 21, 1673; and held
the Curacy for some time previous to his removal to St.
Lawrence, Appleby, 1681.^ Bishop Nicolson says: —
The Eegister-Book begins at Oct. 28, 1674, the former part of it
being all (as I guess) of the hand-writeing of Mr. Gabriel Smallwood,
some time Curate here.*
Thomas Nicols, 1684—1700.
Bishop Nicolson in his Diary, under date April 8, 1684,
says: — " Wetherall and Warwick given to T. Nichols,
Sebraha to M. Preston and petty canonry to Shepherd." *
1. Al. Ox.
2. Vide p. 1135.
3. Miscel., p. 51.
4. TranB. (N.S.), vol. i, p. 9.
Wetheral and Warwick 215
He was ordained Priest March 15, 1684-5. The Registers
note the burial of a son, Thomas, on February 26, 1687-8 ;
also the baptism of Mary, a daughter, December 13, 1688 ;
of John, a son, September 11, 1690; and of Elizabeth, a
daughter, June 19, 1693. Foster has the following which
may refer to him : —
Nicols Thomas S. Raughlin, of Carlisle, Cumberland, cler. Queen's
Coll. matric. 16 May 1678 aged 16 ; B.A. 9 Feby 1681-2.*
" Raughlin " is for " Rowland " Nicols, who was Yicar
of Aikton and Chancellor of the Diocese at the time.^
Thomas Nicols died in 1700. About the time of his
admission to Oxford he is described as " somwhat sickly." ^
Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, says that under a seat " on the
Floor of the Quire " is the following : —
" Here lyes the Body of Thomas Nicols lat
Minister in Weatheral Parish. Deceased
June 3. Anno, 1700. And T. N. his Son
Dyed Feb. 27. 1687." *
Thomas Smith, B.A., 1700.
He was licensed Curate here on June 27, 1700. The
Registers also give the following : —
The Regester of Wetherall Since the Entrance of Tho. Smith,
Curate, 1700.
Isaac Bikd, M.A., 1703—1713.
He was the son of William Bird of Glassonby, near
Kirkoswald, and went from Sedbergh School to St. John's
College, Cambridge, in 1693, being at the time 19 years of
age. He graduated B.A. in 1696.^ The following from
the Registers relate to him : —
The Regester of Wethrall Since ye entrance of Isaac Bird Curate
[March 25, 1703].
1703 Mr. Isaac Bird Curate & Mary Stannix Mar. Novbr ye 30th.
The Revd. Mr. Isaac Bird A.M. Curate of Wetherall & Warwick
buried Jan. 2, 1713.
1. Al. Ox.
2. Vide p. 636.
3. The Flemings in Oxford, p. 307.
4. Miscel., p. 49.
5. Sedbergh School Register, p. 105.
V. KIEKANDREWS-ON-EDET^.
The present Rector in a recent letter says : — " I am in
the somewhat unique position of having two Churches
and three Churchyards under my jurisdiction, for I am
now ofl&cially described as ' Rector of Kirkandrews with
Beaumont and Yicar of Grinsdale." Kirkandrews is
about four miles north west of Carlisle on the Silloth line.
Its Church, dedicated to St. Andrew, disappeared more
than two centuries ago. Bishop Nicolson, writing in 1703,
says : — " The Church here is quite Demolish'd" ; and he
recommends the Parishioners " to a compliance with the
men of Beaumont," in their request for assistance in
repairing their Church " rather than run the hazard
of being put upon the Expense of Repairing their own
Church." ^ The graveyard alone remains, and the Parish-
ioners still bury their dead in it. The Registers will be
noticed under Beaumont. The following is an imperfect
list of Incumbents up to 1692, since when the Rectories of
Kirkandrews and Beaumont " jointly have been presented
to by the house of Lowther." ^
Christopher Lowther, 1576 — 1587.
He was instituted on a Presentation by Queen Elizabeth
in 1576, and died in 1587. Possibly he had previously
been at Nether Denton.^
William Witton, 1587—1611.
He was collated, by lapse, by Bishop Meye, in 1587, and
died in 1611.
1. Miscel., p. 18.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 226.
3. Vide p. 274.
Kirkandrews-on-Eden 217
George Millikin, 1611.
He was instituted June 26, 1611, on a Presentation by
George Rumney.
Unfortunately a huge gap occurs here in Nicolson and
Burn, our only available authority, their next date being
1692, when the death of Eichard Wilson, Eector of Kirk-
andrews, took place. This is the date from which the
union of the two Rectories is reckoned. In all probability,
however, the union occurred much earlier. This will best
appear in dealing with Beaumont.
VI. BEAUMONT.
This place is only about half a mile north of Kirk-
andrews, and is situated on the south bank of the Eden.
Nicolson and Burn speak of it as a " town," standing upon
" a fair hill, from whence lieth every way a good prospect
which gave occasion to the name," " beautiful mount." ^
The Church is dedicated to St. Mary and serves for
Kirkandrews as well. Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, says : —
The Church is in as good Repair as could be expected ; but has
not a Letter on the Walls, Floor or Churchyard. The East Window
in ye Quire wants Glass. The Parishioners desire that those of
Kirk- Andrews may contribute to ye Repair of this Church ; since
they have none of their own, and come constantly hither.^
The Registers, which include those of Kirkandrews,
begin in 1692. They were recently rebound in one neat
volume at the expense of the present Rector. In the book
also are a few fragments in parchment, beginning with
1679, but mainly they are concerned with the Siddell
family, and probably were the work of a later hand. It
is, therefore, correct to say that the book begins with 1692.
Respecting a carefully made Transcript in 1819 we have
the following account : —
This book contains true and correct copies of Baptisms, Burials
and Marriages, belonging to the Parish of Beaumont in the County
of Cumberland and Diocese of Carlisle, beginning in the year of our
Lord 1692 and correctly copied from a very old Register Book com-
pletely tatter'd and torn to Pieces.
As Witness my Hand this first Day of January 1819.
Richard Burn Junr
Rector of Beaumont and
Kirkandrews.
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 223.
2. Miscel., p. 17.
Beaumont 219
The list of Incumbents is as follows : —
Henry Haselhead, 1562 — 1581.
He was instituted on a Presentation by Sir William
Dacre, " lord Dacre of Graystock & Gilsland." ^ He died
in 1581. There was a Hoger Haslehead at Croglin, 1582-
1611.2
Lancelot Wilson, 1581.
He was presented by Philip, Earl of Arundel.
Edwaed Johnston, 1611.
Nicolson and Burn say that he resigned in 1611.^ A
person of the name of Edward Johnson, M.A., appears at
Kirklinton in 1604. Possibly he was the same as the
Beaumont Rector; but he is said to have died in 1611.
Thomas Thomson, or Thompson, 1611 — 1615.
He was instituted October 22, 1611, on a Presentation
by Anne, " Countess dowager of Arundel." Foster has
the following: — "Of Cumberland pleb. Queen's Coll.
matric. 17 Oct. 1589, aged 15, B.A. 27, Jan. 1594-5, M.A.
4 July, 1598, B.D. 22 Feb. 1609-10; Supd. for licence to
preach 27 Feb. 1610-11; Minister of St. Thomas, Bristol,
perhaps rector of Beaumont, Cumberland, 1611, rector of
Montgomery 1613, and vicar of Llandyseil, Co. Mont-
gomery, 1616." * This can hardly be the same as the
Beaumont Rector, who died in 1615.
John Wilson, 1615.
He was instituted March 25, 1615, on the death of
Thomas Thompson, the same person presenting.^ Foster
gives among others of this name, John Wilson, as B.A.
from University College, Oxford, April 23, 1607, M.A.
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 225.
2. Vide p. 406.
3. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 225.
4. Al. Ox.
5. Episcopal Register.
2 20 The Ejected of 1662
July 10, 1612, and adds that " one of these names was
beneficed in Cumberland."^ There was a John Wilson at
Ainstable in 1616 and at Grasmere in 1620. ^
Thomas Eobinson or Robson, 1616 — 1625.
He was instituted March 24, 1616, being ordained
" literatus " on that day and Deacon in May, 1618.
ISTicolson and Burn give the name as " Robinson " ; but
the Institution Books have " Robson," the place being
entered as " Beaumonds als Beamont." He died in 1626.
Thomas Warwick, B.A., 1625.
He was ordained Deacon September 28, 1623, being
styled B.A. Nicolson and Burn say that the Presentation
was made by " a citizen of London (patron for that turn)" ;
but the Institution Books give the King, and " TJlt.
Novembris 1625" as the date. For an account of the
Warwick family see Brampton, etc. ^
Andrew Smith, 1634—1663.
He was instituted December 16, 1634, on a Presentation
by " Tho. Comes Arundell et Surrey" ; and Nicolson and
Burn say that he died in 1663. If that is correct there
was no disturbance here either by the Commonwealth or
the Restoration.
Patricius Hume, M.A., 1663—1678.
He was ordained Deacon August 17, 1662, and Priest
February 1, 1662-3, being instituted December 31, 1663,
on a Presentation from Elizabeth, Countess of Arundel.
He held the living of Burgh-by-Sands also part of this
time.* He compounded for his First Fruits in 1668.
Richard Wilson, 1679—1692.
Possibly Richard Wilson " de Irthington," who was
ordained Deacon September 20, 1668, and Priest, Septem-
1. Al. Ox.
2. Vide pp. 402, 1059.
3. Vide pp. 250, 1178.
4. Vide p. 224.
I
Beaumont 2 2 1
ber 25, 1670. He was instituted August 23, 1679, on a
Presentation by the Duke of Norfolk. He died in 1692.
Nicolson and Burn give him as Rector of Kirkandrews as
well. If so the two livings were united some time pre-
vious to 1692.
George Hume, 1692—1703.
He was ordained Deacon December 21, 1684, and insti-
tuted to " Beaumond & Kirkandr sup Eden " May 9, 1692,
on a Presentation by Sir John Lowther. He died in 1703,
the entry in the Registers being as follows : —
George Hume Rector of Beemont was Buryed May ye 12th 1703.
Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, says that he "lyes bury'd sub
Dio in ye Quire !" ^
Gabriel Trant, 1703—1705.
He was instituted June 23, 1703. Writing under date
June 29, 1703, Bishop Nicolson says : —
Mr. Gab. Trant (a Frenchman, and one of ye Masters at ye new
School of Lowther) instituted into both ; [i.e., Beaumont and Kirk-
andrews].*
Thomas Lev^thwaite, 1705 — 1762.
He was instituted on the 27th of September, 1705, on a
Presentation " vice comes Lonsdale," and held the two
livings until his death. He was Curate of Bowness in
1703.^ Bishop Nicolson, in his Diary under date Septem-
ber 23, 1704, says that he sought Priest's Orders but was
refused, " no warning being given to a sufficient number
of Priests to attend at ye Ordination." * The following
year, however, he passed for these Orders though
"hardly."^ His burial entry reads thus: —
1762. Dec. 9. The Revd. Mr. Thos. Lewthwaite buried.
1. Miscel., p. 18.
2. Ibid., p. 17.
3. Vide p. 605.
4. Trans. (N.S.), vol. ii, p. 208.
5. Ibid., vol. iii, p. 27.
2 22 The Ejected of 1662
The village ol Grinsdale is about two miles nearer
Carlisle and stretches along the southern bank of the
Eden. The Church here, dedicated to St. Kentigern, is
an old foundation, but it early fell into ruins. Bishop
Nicolson writes respecting it as follows in 1703 : —
The Church and Chancel both in Ruins ; nothing left but a good
handsome Stone-Table heretofore used for an Altar. Half of the
Church-yard seems also to have been carry'd off, by ye River Eden ;
against the further Encroachments of which the Parishioners have
now built a strong Stone-wall, to preserve their Dead from being
carry'd down the River. Burials are attended by Tho. Addison,
whose father (one of the Petty Canons of Carlile) was lately Curate
here ; And Mr. Appleby the Impropriator, gives him four Nobles
(antiently four Marks) yearly for so doeing. The Parishioners, on
Sundayes, attend Divine Service either at Carlile or Beaumont.^
About 1743 the Church was rebuilt by Joseph Dacre,
Esq., the impropriator, at his own expense, and practically
this is the building in existence to-day. Under the
Pluralities' Act it is held by the Rector of Kirkandrews.
The Registers do not date beyond the time of its being
rebuilt. In reference to the three Parishes Bishop
Nicolson, in 1703, says: —
They have a Tradition that the three little Neighbouring Churches
(of this Town, Beaumont and Grinsdale) were built by three Sisters ;
who, I must say, were not too generous in subsisting their Chaplains.
I rather think they have been (originally) small Oratories, supply'd
by ye Religious of Carlile. How ye Revenues of Grinsdale came into
Lay hands I know not : but they all pay prescriptions instead of
Tythes in kind.^
1. Miscel., p. 13.
2. Ibid, p. 18
\
VII. BUEGH-BY-SANDS.
This is a considerable village about five miles west of
Carlisle on the Silloth line. The Church is dedicated to
St. Michael. Its tower, massive and strong, was evidently
meant for purposes of asylum, in the troubled days of the
Border Wars. The Registers begin in 1653, the earliest
being a long, narrow volume of parchment. The follow-
ing appears in it : —
The Eegister booke of Burgh-by-Sands written in the yeare of
our Lord God 1653.
The first page is occupied with entries for 1653 and
1654; but there are only a few upon it. At the foot of
the page is " John Maison 1670." They are singularly
disappointing for our purpose; and the Historians are
equally so. In their list of Incumbents, Nicolson and
Burn leap from " Sir William Blane " in 1581 to Thomas
Story in 1681. The following is an imperfect list, but it
is the best yet issued : —
William Blane, 1581.
He was instituted by Bishop Meye " on a presentation
by two yeomen of the neighbourhood, proving their title
from the grantees of the abbot and convent before the
dissolution." ^
For Thomas and Alan Blayne, of Aikton, the reader is
referred to the account of that place. ^
Robert Mathew, 1621.
He was instituted on September 1, 1621, on a Presenta-
tion by the King. The name is common in Foster's
" Oxford Alumni" ; but we know nothing further about
him.
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 221.
2. Vide p. 609.
2 24 The Ejected of 1662
The following document suggests a vacancy here in
1646: —
Att &c. November 11. Anno Dni 1646.
Cumberland. By vertue &c yearely sume of Twenty pounds bee
allowed & payd out of ye Impropriate Tythes of Cargoe & Stainton
in ye County of Cumberland wch are sequestered from ye Deane and
Chapter of Carlile to and for increase of ye maintenance of such
Minister as this Comittee shall approve of to officiate in ye pish
Church of Burgh by Sands in ye said County ye psent maintenance
belonging to ye said Church being but Twelve pounds p Annu And
ye Sequestrators of ye pmisses are required to allow and pay ye
same accordingly Att such tymes and seasons of ye yeare as ye said
Tythes shall grow due and payable.
Har. Grimston. 1
James Thompson, 1647.
The authority for this name is the following document,
which also informs us that the vacancy had been caused
by the death of the previous Incumbent : —
Sept. 21, 1647.
Brough by Sands.
Whereas the viccarage of the pish Church of Brough by Sands in
the Countie of Cumberland is void by death & the guift thereof is in
the Earl of Arundell delinquent It is ordered that James Thompson
a godlie & orthodox divine doe forthwith officiate the cure of the sd
Church as viccar & preach &c. 2
TherQ was a James Thomson at Moresby somewhat
later, ^ but whether the same individual has not been
ascertained. Nor is any other name forthcoming until
after the Restoration.
Patricius Hume, M.A., 1669.
He was collated December 8, 1669, by Bishop Rainbow
'per lapsum, and appears to have held Beaumont along
with this living. *
1. S. P. Dom. Inter., F. 1 (Record Office). Duplicated in the Bodleian
MS. 323.
2. Add. MSS. Brit. Mus., 15671.
3. Vide p. 806.
4. Vide p. 220.
Burgh-by-Sands 225
Thomas Story, 1681—1739/40.
He was instituted November 28, 1681, on a Presentation,
from the King, and probably belonged to a local family.
The following appears in the Registers : —
1709 Janet als Deny wife of Tho. Story Balief Burd. Sept. 15.
There are some other entries of a similar character.
Probably the "Balief," whatever the word may mean, was
a connection of the Rector. He was buried May 7, 1715.
Thomas Story held the living of Kirkbampton^ as well as
that of Burgh-by-Sands. Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, says
that " Mr. Story directed to divide his pains betwixt this
place [Burgh] and Bampton [Kirkbampton] three ptes
[parts] of ye year." In reference to Burgh he proceeds in
his usual caustic fashion : —
Oct. 19, 1703. In a former View of the Church at Burgh by
Sands, I could onely peep into it : But this day I took Kirk Bampton
in my way thither, and carry'd Mr. Story along with me. The Quire
is (as most of its Neighbours) long and nasty ; haveing no Ascent in
it ; Nor is the Communion-Table placed in the East End : but instead
of that, we have here a Seat or Pew newly erected by one of the
Impropriators. There are (in all) about Thirty of these : who have
the great Tithes among 'em : excepting onely a Twentieth part (worth
about lOli per An.) which belongs to the School at Dovenby. Some
of these Lay-parsons are Quakers : And they neither take ye Tithes
themselves, nor openly allow their partners to carry over their Shares.
Several of 'em were in the Church with me ; when I order'd the
Churchwardens to present them all (by name) for keeping the Chancel
in so scandalous a Condition. 2
The Quaker movement took deep root in this neighbour-
[hood. According to a return in 1747, there were 191
families in the Parish, of whom 28 were '" dissenters all
^Quakers" : ^ and Christopher Story, the distinguished
1. Vide p. 608.
2. Miscel., p. 15.
3. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 221.
2 26 The Ejected of 1662
Quaker preacher, belonged to these parts. In the Regis-
ters we have a note of Thomas Story's burial, thus : —
The Revd Mr. Ihos. Story Reeter of Kirkbampton 6 January
1739—40.
This entry is pencilled through, but the handwriting in
the Registers, which is the same from about 1695, changes
at this date. The Registers also supply the following : —
Jno Mayson of Burgh Batchelor Burd. Feb. 14, 1712.
Possibly this is the person referred to earlier and may
have been the Parish Clerk.
yill. GEEAT ORTON.
This place is about five miles south west of Carlisle.
The Church here, whose original dedication was to St.
Giles, is now dedicated to St. Kentigern. The earliest
Registers constitute a large parchment volume, parts of
which are dull and faded, but they are mostly legible.
Evidently the first two or three pages have gone. They
begin in 1568. The following is a list of Incumbents: —
Richard Place, 1578.
This is the date of his death, as the Registers indicate :
Anno Eeginae Elizabethae, 21. 1578 December Sr. Richard
Place person of Orton buried the xviiith of December then being
Monday.
In this year the Plague raged in the district, the Registers
being witness; and it is surmised that Richard Place,
after ministering to his people in their suffering, fell a
sacrifice to duty.
Leonard Lowther, 1578 — 1585.
" On the death of Sir Richard Place," write Nicolson
and Burn, " late rector of Orton, one caveat was entered,
in claim of the patronage, by Thomas Blenerhasset gen-
tleman ; and another by Marian relict of John Twentyman
late of Little Orton, to whom this avoidance had been
granted by Richard Blenerhasset of the city of Carlisle
esquire, who had married one of the coheirs of Sir Giles
Orton knight; and institution was given on this latter
claim to Mr. Leonard Lowther." ^ He resigned in 1585.
He was a Pluralist, and held Bowness in 1580, was at
Lowther in 1587, and Greystoke in 1597. ^
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 208.
2. Vide pp. 454, 600, 1234.
2 28 The Ejected of 1662
William Meye, M.A., 1585.
How long he remained here we have no means of know-
ing. In the list of Incumbents supplied by Nicolson and
Burn, no name is given after that of William Meye in
1585 until 1643, when they speak about " one Mr. Burton"
being here. It would appear that William Meye held the
living in Plurality with Cliburn for some time. ^ Foster
gives William May as B.A. from Catherine Hall, Cam-
bridge, 1585-6; M.A., Oxford, March 23, 1586-7; and
"perhaps Canon of Carlisle in 1595."-
WiLLiAM Denton, 1612.
This is a new name and is supplied by the Registers as
follows : —
Mr. William Denton Clarke buryed the 23d of December 1612.
Possibly he was a member of the Dentons of Warnell
Denton, Sebergham. Foster gives among his Oxford
Alumni, William Denton, B.A., vicar of Kirkby Moorside
in 1595.3
Nicholas Deane, B.A., 1623.
He was ordained Deacon December 22, 1622, and is
given as of the Chester Diocese. This also is a new name
furnished by the Registers from which the following have
been extracted : —
1623 Nicholas Deane & Elizabeth Bell married xxiiij Ap.
Katherine Deane dau. of Nicholas Deane Clerici bapt 7th day
November 1623.
Probably a connection of Nicholas Deane, Archdeacon of
Carlisle in 1604. Afterwards he became Rector of Nether
Denton.* Foster has the following respecting him: —
1. Vide p. 1242.
2. Al. Ox.
3. Ihid.
4. Vide p. 275.
Great Orton 229
" Of Cumberland, pleb. Queen's Coll. matric. 8 May, 1618,
aged 17; B.A. 6 July, 1620; rector of jS^etber Denton,
Cumberland, 1633." ^
EiCHAKD Fleming, M.A., 1626.
The authority for this also, a quite new name in this
connection, are the Registers. He is associated in them
with Richard Burton in 1626. At this place, however,
the Registers are much faded ; and it is extremely difficult
to decipher them. Richard Fleming appears at Cliburn
and Milburn in 1625— 1639. "^
EicHAKD Burton, 1626.
Nicolson and Burn bring him on the scene in 1643- when
he is named as a contributor to the Carlisle garrison.
He was, however, ordained Priest in May, 1618, and
instituted, on a Presentation by the King, on June 21,
1626. Richard Burton was a Pluralist holding, at least,
Dufton in addition to Great Orton. In 1647 the Commis-
sioners called upon him to choose which of the two livings
he would surrender and it would appear that he elected
to keep Dufton. A person of this name, who died in
1640, was Rector of Ormside and Long Marton. I imagine
he was the father of the Dufton and Great Orton Rector. ^
Unfortunately the Registers present a considerable
hiatus after the date above given, being represented from
1627 to 1665 by two miserable pieces of parchment, kept
very imperfectly. Isaac Tullie states that the amount of
Richard Burton's contribution to the Carlisle garrison
was £2 0 0, the date being 1644. As just intimated he
held the living after 1644 only a few years, but who
immediately succeeded him we do not know. The
following, however, suggests that the place was in the
possession of someone in 1657, but the name is not
given : —
1. Al. Ox.
2. Vide pp. 1161, 1243.
3. Vide pp. 1143, 1147, 1154.
230 The Ejected of 1662
Orton
July 23 Tuesday 9 March 1657.
1658.
Att the Councell at Whitehall
Whereas the Trustees for Maintenance of
Ministers have thought fitt That the yearly sume of ten pounds bee
graunted for increase of the Maintenance of the minr of Orton in
the Countie of Cumberland and have certified the same to his
Highnesse and the Councell for their Approbacon His Highnesse and
the Councell doe approve thereof and ordr that the same bee paid
accordingly
W. Jessop Clr of the
Councell i
Joseph IN'icolson, M.A., 1657.
It would appear that lie is the Minister referred to in
the preceding document. He joins in certifying for
Robert Hooper of Kirklinton and John Bell of Kirkbamp-
ton, in both cases being described as of Orton. -
The following relates to his Augmentation : —
Orton. October 28, 1658.
These Trustees having Graunted the yearely sume of Ten poundes
for increase of the maintennce of Mr. Joseph Nicholson Minister of
Orton in the County of Cumberland which is approved of by his
Highnes & Councell the ninth of March 1657 and the said place
having received noe fruit of the said Order, Ordered that the sume of
Seaven poundes be forthwith paid him in full Satisfaccon of the said
Order and that Mr. Lawrence Steele Trear [Treasurer] doe pay the
same accordingly.
Jo. Thorowgood Edw. Cressett Ea. Hall Jo. Humfrey, Jo. Pocock.3
Joseph Nicolson held at other times the livings at
Plumbland, Thursby and Stanwix, * and the reader is
particularly referred to Plumbland in connection with
this case.
It is singular that though Nicolson and Burn in their
account of Bishop Nicolson, state that his father, Joseph,
was Rector of Great Orton at the time of his distinguished
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 977.
2. Vide pp. 309, 607.
3. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 995.
4. Vide pp. 201, 533, 584.
Great Orton 231
son's birth, they do not insert him in their Incumbent
list for Great Orton. ^ They even repeat Walker's error
in saying that he was sequestered from Plumbland and
" during the usurpation lived retired at his maternal
inheritance at Park Brow [Broom] in the parish of
Stanwix." ^
John Bird, 1663.
This is the most interesting name in the series, though
it is not quite clear what happened in relation to him.
It is almost certain that he is the person of that name
who appears at Egremont, for whom George Larkham
preached on April 29, 1660.^ The Restoration would
lead to his displacement at Egremont by Isaac Antrobus,
the old Incumbent. It is probable that his appointment
to Great Orton afterwards was due to the Brisco influence,
the family being Puritan in their sympathies and Patrons
of the living. It was from this family that Richard
Gilpin obtained his wife. It would also seem that John
Bird made some sort of submission to Episcopal authority.
The Episcopal Register gives the following : —
Licentia praedicandi concessa Johi Bird presbyterio Eectori de
Orton. Decimo Octavo die mensis Augusti Anno Dni 1663.
It is, however, certain that he was deprived a little later,
for what reason is not stated, though judging from his
previous career it would be for some sort of Nonconfor-
mity. What became of him also is not known.
John Pearson or Pierson, M.A., 1665 — 1691.
He was instituted July 14, 1665, on a Presentation by
" William Briscoe Ar." Nicolson and Burn give John
Brisco as the Patron. The following from the Episcopal
Register among other things, makes clear the deprivation
of John Bird : —
Institutio of Mr. John Peirson M.A. July 14 1665 Ad
Rectoriam Eccliae poialis de Orton in Com. Cnmbriae nrae
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii., p. 293.
2. Ibid, p. 120.
3. Vide p. 827.
232 The Ejected of 1662
Carliol Dioeceseos modo p deprivacoem Johis Bird ult Incumbentis
ibm vacan. Ad quam p Gulielmum Brisco de Crofton Armigerum
ejusdem Rectoriae sive Eccliae poialis veru et indubitatu (ut asseritur)
patronum nobis p'ntatus.
John Pearson liad previously been at Brigham, where
he cultivated quite friendly relations with George Lark-
ham.^ In his Diary, Larkham says: —
June 2, 1660 I heard by John Pierson that King Charles came
into London, May 29th, being his birth day. Ah Lord, make him a
nursing father to thine Israel, 1 beseech Thee ; if it so please Thee.
Amen.^
The Orton Registers give the following : —
1667-8 Jan. 21. John Pearson son of Mr. John Pearson bapt.
Burial, 1691 May 12. Mr. John Pearson, Rector of Orton.
The following is a copy of a Terrier, supplied by the
present Rector, which was taken in John Pearson's time :
June 20, 1678. A perfect Terrier of ye glebe Land belonging to
the Rectory of Orton. Item One House and Garth. In the Crofts
3 Acres, in the Rood, 2 Acres in a place called Grayston Butts half
an acre — in a place called ye Shaw one Acre. Parson Thorne one
Acre — in a place called Organ Butts half an acre in a place called
West-half-acres one Acre — in a place called Ingland one acre — in a
place called Ship-coats one acre — in a place called crabtreedales one
acre — in ye Headriggs one Acre — in a place called Crossland one
Acre. Withn ye territories of Orton Rigg by estimation 2 Acres —
within ye fields of Woodhouses one Acre.
John Moore | churchwardens.
John Twentyman J
A person of this name appears at Hesket in 1659.^
Gawin Noble, 1691—1693.
He was instituted November 21, 1691, on the Presenta-
tion of " Willus Briscoe Ar." He had previously been
at Cockermouth.* His burial entry in the Registers is
given thus : —
Dec. 12, 1693, Mr. Gawen Noble rector of Orton bur.
1. Vide p. 754.
2. Lewis's Hist., p. 146.
3. Vide p. 328.
4. Vide p. 703.
Great Orton 233
BowLAxXD Noble, 1693— 1T09.
This was Gawin Noble's brother. The Episcopal
Register states that he was instituted Dec. 18, 1693. It
also intimates that he was licensed Assistant Master of
the Appleby Free Grammar School on Feb. 8, 1685/6
" owing to the sickness of Richard Jackson." Rowland
Noble died in 1709 as the following shows : —
1709 Ap. 18. Mr. Rowland Noble Rector of Orton bur.
Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, says that the Parsonage House
is " in pretty repair," having been rebuilt " by ye present
Incumbent Mr. Noble's brother and Predecessor." ^
David Bell, M.A., 1709—1730.
He was an Edinburgh graduate taking his M.A, degree
March 25, 1685; and was instituted to Great Orton Dec. 31,
1709, being inducted by Thomas Benson of Stanwix. He
married Susanna, daughter of John Brisco of Crofton, and
80 was related to Bishop Nicolson who refers to him in his
Diaries as " Cousin." He was at Askham in 1690,
Kirklinton in 1694, Aspatria in 1706, and died in 1729/30.2
1. Miscel., p. 12. A singularly loose and ambiguous sentence. The
Bishop, of course, means Gawin Noble, Rowland's brother.
2. Vide pp. 313, 646, 1221.
IX. DALSTON.
This village lies some four and a half miles south east
of Carlisle. In the Parish is Rose Castle, the abode of
the Bishops of the Diocese for many centuries. The
Church is dedicated to St. Michael, and its Registers
begin in November, 1570, There are seven volumes up to
1812; but the first three cover the period with which we
are concerned. Respecting the earliest we have the
following account : —
The oldest book is of parchment, and has been bound in parch-
ment, of which now only a few fragments remain. It is 11^ inches
long and 6f inches broad, and begins thus : — "The Booke of Baptismes
withine the parish of Dalston made by Mark Edgar, Vicar of the
same anno domini 1570." There are a hundred and fifty six pages
which do not follow each other in very strict order, and of which the
earlier ones only are numbered. The first entry is " Novemb. 2.
Thomas Hammond filius Eoberti." The last, a baptism in 1658, is
illegible, l
Volume II. is also of parchment. It begins thus : —
The Booke of Baptisme within the Parish of Dalston since the
17th of November 1658.
Further on come marriages and burials. It is about the
same size as Vol. I. and ends with 1679.
The third volume is described as " long, narrow and
upright," in parchment. It is bound in vellum, " the
writing elegant, and very easy to read." It begins thus :
A note of all baptisms and marriages within the p'ish of Dalston
since the first day of May Anno Dom. 1679.
It contains burials from the other end and goes up to
1. Seven Volumes of the Dalston Parish Registers, by M. E. Kuper.
A Paper communicated to the Cumb. and West. Arch. Soc, Aug. 22,
1883.
Dalston 235
1749. The Registers up to 1812 were published some time
ago.
The following is a list of Incumbents : —
Thomas Nicolson, 1586—1596.
He entered "in hanc vicariam " September 13, 1586,
succeeding Mark Edgar on his decease. Nicolson and
Burn give a person of this name as collated to Scaleby in
1585, who " removed in two years after." ^ His marriage
with Anne Edgar, the daughter of his predecessor, is
noted in the Registers under date December 24, 1587. He
held the living until his death, in 1595, his burial taking
place on October 19 of that year.
RoBEET Collier, B.A., 1596—1629.
The baptisms of a son, Robert, on November 18, 1599 ;
of a daughter, Elizabeth, on November 8, 1601 ; and of
Philadelphia, another daughter, on January 4, 1607, are
given in the Registers. His own burial entry reads thus :
October 3. 1629 Robert Colier Vicarius was buried.
Could he be related to John Collier the Ejected Minister
of Crosby ? ^
William Griffith, B.A., 1630—1642.
He was collated January 21, 1629-30, by Bishop Potter,
though it is said that his " coming is in no way announced"
in the Registers.^ During his Incumbency " hand-
writing, ink, and spelling, are equally bad." He died in
December, 1642, being buried on " the 6th day."
Edward Baker, B.A., 1643.
His collation was by Archbishop Ussher. The baptis-
mal entries of several children appear in the Registers, as
does the burial, on June 30th, 1644, of his first wife, Anna
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 460.
2. Vide p. 201.
3. Seven Volumes of the Dalston Parish Registers, etc.
236 The Ejected of 1662
Hutchinson, whom he had married the year before. His
second marriage is thus noted : —
1647 Maij 28 Edwardus Baker apud Cockermouth, duxit Annam
Irton.
His own burial entry is as follows : —
Burial 1659 Novemb. 18. Edward Baker Clerk.
Mrs. Baker was buried January 17, 1674-5. A con-
siderable amount of interest centres in Edward Baker, and
not a little diflSculty. Nicolson and Burn deal with him
in a most matter of fact way, devoting only a couple of
sentences to him.^ They merely state when he was col-
lated and when he died, following immediately with
Richard Garth in 1661. Dr. Wilson, in his Introduction
to the Parish Registers, sums matters up thus : —
In January 1642-3 when the old order was breaking up he
[Griffith] was succeeded by Edward Baker, a bachelor of Arts and a
preacher of the word of god, verbi Dei prdicator on presentation
of the good and great Archbishop Usher then held the See of Carlisle.
Baker's lot had fallen in unpleasant times but he certainly made the
most of them. He was twice married . . . There is no indication
that the rites of religion were secularized in this parish for any
lengthened period during the Commonwealth. Baker was a canonical
clergyman who appears to have ministered in his office to the last
however lowly he bent his shoulders to the yoke of the Directory.
Though many of the clergy of the diocese of Carlisle, according to
the testimony of Dr. Todd, were ejected and starved by Cromwell's
inquisitors Baker set his house in order and stood his ground. By
the timely interference of death which came in Sept. 1659, he was
saved the disgrace of turning his coat back again.
It is quite certain that that is not a correct statement
of the case. Dr. Todd is no trustworthy witness in
matters of this kind ; and his statement about the starving
Clergy may be dismissed as highly coloured, if not
actually fictitious. But it is in relation to Baker that a
different theory is required. That he was here up to 1650
is made clear from the following : —
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 323.
Dalston 237
Martij 27 1648.
Dalston.
Upon Certificate from any members of pliamt that serve for
the Countie of Cumberland in the behalfe of Mr. Edward Baker
minister of Dalston in the sd Countie concerning his life & Con-
versacon It is ordered that he shall have the Augmentation graunted
by Order of the 14th of June 1647 for increase of the Minister's
maintennce of the sd Church.'
ffeb 3, 1649.
Dalston.
Wheras this Comtee have the 14th of June 1647 graunted the
yearely sume of Twenty nine pounds three shillings out of the
pticulers in ye said order menconed reserved to ye Bpp of Carlisle for
increase of the maintence of the Minstr of the parish Church of
Dalston in ye County of Cumberland It is ordered that the Trustees
for Sale of Bpps Lands doe and they are hereby desired to issue out
theere warrants to ye Trears for Sale of Bpps Lands to pay unto
Edward Baker INIinistr of the said Church or unto William Barker to
his use the sume of Three Score and Twelve Pounds Seaventeene
Shillings & Sixpence for Twoe yeares & a halfes rent due the 29th
Septembr last. 2
Julij 10th 1650.
Dalston.
Whereas this Comittee have the 14th of June 1647 graunted the
yearly some of twentie nine pounds three shillings out of the
pticulers in the said order menconed reserved to ye Bishpp of Carlisle
for increase of ye maintennce of ye Ministr of the pish Church of
Dalston in the County of Cumberland of which there is in arreare
ye some of threescore and twelve pounds seaventeene shillings and
sex pence for two yeares and a halfe rent due ye 29 of September last
It is ordered that ye Tenants of ye pmisses in whose hands the said
arreares are doe forthwith pay the said arreares unto Edward Baker
Minister of ye pish Church of Dalston aforesaid or in default thereof
Shew cause to ye contrary before this Comittee one ye ninth day of
September next.'
Novembr 6th 1650.
Dalston.
Whereas this Comitee have the 14th of June 1647 graunted the
yearely Sume of twenty nyne pounds three sheliings out of the
pticulers in ye sd Ordr menconed reserved to the Bpp of Carlisle for
increase of the maintennce of the Ministr of the parish Church of
Dalston in the County of Cumberland of wch there is in Arreares
1. BpdI. MS. 325.
2. Ibid., 327.
3. Ibid.
238 The Ejected of 1662
the Sume of three score & twelve pounds Seaventeene shillings &
sixpence for two yeares and a halfe due the 29th of Sept 1649 It is
ordered that ye Trears of the sd Bevenue or ffarmers or tennts of
the p'misses in whose hands the same are doe forthwith pay the
said Arreares unto Edward Baker Ministr of the sd Church or in
default thereof shew cause to ye Contrary before the Comitee on
the [MS. breaks off].^
How long Baker retained the living after tliis does not
appear; but the evidence goes to show that he had relin-
quished it at least four or five years before his death.
Whether he was sequestered is not known. The form of
his burial entry presents no difficulty, indeed the word
used of him rather supports than otherwise the position
here assumed. He is entered merely as " Clerk," whereas
previously he had always been styled " Vicar." The
former was the word used in reference to a Minister
whether in a living or not. That he had vacated the
living before his death the appointments which follow
show.
Nathaniel Madder or Mather, M.A., before 1656.
The evidence for this is the document immediately
following, which states that he had surrendered the
Dalston living before 1656. Can this be Nathaniel
Mather, M.A., who had received his education at Harvard
College, New England, the distinguished son of Richard
Mather, the " Lancashire Pilgrim Father?" Almost
certainly " Yes." Dr. Todd, in both his communications
to Walker, names certain " New Lights " as coming into
the district, '" out of the Southern Parts, as Larkham,
Polewheal, Madder, &c." ^ In 1656 Nathaniel Mather
appears as preacher at Harburton in Devon^ ; and shortly
afterwards he was appointed to Barnstaple in the same
County, whence he was ejected after the Restoration.
Calamy says that " he serv'd his generation in the Work
of the Gospel forty-seven years, in England, Holland, and
Ireland."
1. Bodl. MS. 327.
2. Vide p. 375.
.3. Shaw's Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 449.
Dalston 239
It is the State Papers, however, which come to our
assistance, and practically demonstrate the truth of this
conjecture. The following is their story: —
Mr. Madder.
501 : 00s : OOd.
These are to Will and Require you, out of the five hundred pounds
which by Order of this Councell of the date hereof, is set apart, out
of the fiveteen hundred pounds deposited in yor hands for Recruits
for Scotland, for enabling of such Ministers to their journey as shall
be thought fitt to be sent into Scotland, for preaching of the Gosple
there to pay unto Mr. Madder or to whom hee shall appoynt, the
Summe of ffifty pounds which is soe much advanced unto him for
enabling of him to his Journey being appoynted to goe thither as a
Minister. Of which you are not to faile ; and for which this shall
be yor warrant.
Given at the Councell of State at Whitehall
26 July 1652.'
Ordered by his Highnesse, the Lord Protector and the Councell
That fiftie pound be advanced out of the Councells Contingeaicies to
Mr. Mader (who is recommended by Mr. Nye to be Preacher to the
Councell of Ireland) towards defraying his charges to Ireland. And
that it be recommended to the Lord Deputie and Councell to settle
him there with such allowance for his maintenance as may encourage
him in that employment.
Warrant.
Sept. 20 [1654] for fiftie pounds to be advanced to Mr. Madder.
Warrants.
Sept. 28 [1654] to Mr. Mather Minister for Ireland 50li : 00 : 00.2
In pursuance of an Order of his Highness the Lord Protector and
the Councell of the 20th of Sept. 1654. These are to will and require
you out of Such moneys as are or shall come to yor hands for the
use of the Councell to pay unto Mr. [blank] Mader or whome he
shall appoynt the sum of Fifty pounds towards defraying his journey
into Ireland to preach the Gospell there Of wch &c
Given the 19th day of October 1654.
To Mr. Gualter Frost. Hen. Lawrence, Prd
Mulgrave Humbert
W. Strickland
H. Mackworth.
P. Lysle
P. Jones. 3
1. S. P. Dom. Inter. Money Warrants, I. 103, p. 209.
2. Ibid., I. 75.
3. Ibid., I. 105, p. 115.
240 The Ejected of 1662
It will be noticed that the name " Madder" or " Mader"
persists in the documents except in one case, where we
get " Mather," and that is sufficient to establish identity.
It is also necessary to say that much of the foregoing may
refer to Samuel Mather, another of Hichard Mather's sons,
ejected from Burtonwood in Lancashire. Indeed it is
almost certain that the document recording the journey
into Scotland does. Calamy says that about this time
Samuel Mather went into Scotland and afterwards into
Ireland. The important thing which the documents
establish is the identity of Mader and Mather; and this,
taken in conjunction with the fact that all the dates
accurately fit, makes it morally certain that the Nathaniel
Madder of Dalston was the Ejected Minister of Barn-
staple. Nathaniel Mather was one of the active promoters
of the " Happy Union " of 1691, and he wrote several
times to Thomas Jollie of Wymondhouses in relation to
the matter.^ He was also one of the Founders of the
Congregational Fund Board, the first meetings for the
purpose being held in his " Meeting house " ; and was one
of the first generous contributors to it. The Minutes for
January 13th, 1695/6, state that the Treasurer had
" reed lOOli by ye hands of Mr. Mather which he desired
might be desposed of for ye purposes before menconed,"
several other considerable sums following almost immedi-
ately. ^ The City Temple, London, Nathaniel Mather's
Church in continuity, has among its documents seven
letters addressed to him by applicants for Church Fellow-
ship, whose dates range from 1689 to 1695.^ Calamy
gives a full account of him, and inserts a lengthy inscrip-
tion from his tombstone in the Bunhill Fields Burial
Ground. It states that he died July 26th, 1697, " setat.
Ixvii." *
1. Jolly's Note Book, C.S. (N.S.), vol. 33, p. 139.
2. Minutes of the Congregational Fund Board.
3. Memorials of the City Temple by J. B. Marsh, p. 274.
4. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 238; vol. iii, p. 257.
I
Dalston 241
Christopher Jackson, 1656.
The f ollowiiig documents relate to his appointment : —
Dalston,
To the Comrs. [for Approbation of publique Preachers and all
others whom it may concerne] Wee William Steele Lord chiefe
Baron of his Highnes Cort of Exchequer att Westmr. [Sr John
Thorowgood of Kensington Knight George Cowper Richard Yong
John Pocock Ralph Hall Richard Sydenham Edward Hopkins John
Humfrey and Edward Cresset Esqrs. Trustees by Severall Acts of
Parliament for Maintennce of Ministrs. and by an Ordinance of his
Highnesse Lord Protector and his Councell Intituled An Ordinance
for the better Maintennce and Incouragemt. of preaching Ministers
and for visiting of parishes] the true and undoubted Patrons of the
viccaridge and Church of Dalston in ye County of Cumberland
become void by the relinquishment of Nathaniell Madder the last
Incumbent or any other wayes whatsoever Have nominated and
p'sented and doe by these psents nominate p'nl and appoint Chresto-
pher Jackson Minister of the word to the said Viccarage and Church
praying [that the said Chrestopher Jackson may be admitted to and
settled in the said viacarage and church and vested with all the
Rights Members and appurtenances thereof (which wee doe hereby
conferre upon him) and that it would please you to doe and performe
all other things requisite and necessary to be done in the p'misses].
In witnes whereof wee have hereunto sett our handes and Scales this
two and twentieth day of Aprill in the yeare according to ye Com-
putacon now used in England — one thousand six hundred ffifty and
six.
Ri. Sydenham Jo Humfrey Rich. Yong Ra Hall Jo Pococke.
Sealed and delivered
in ye psence of <
Tho. Marsh
Nat. Overton. 1
Dalston
Know all men by these p'nts that the third day of Maj in the
yeare 1656 there was exhibited to the Comrs. for approbacon of
publique preachers a presacon of Mr. Chrestopher Jackson Clerke to
the Viccaridge of Dalston in the County of Cumberland made to him
by William Steele Lord cheife &c. Dated att Whitehall the 13th.
June 1656.
A true copy
Jo Nye Regr. 2
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 983.
2. Ihid., 968.
242 The Ejected of 1662
Orders for his Augmentation appear under dates
September 19th, 1656, and March 20th, 1656/7, for one
year due Christmas, 1657.^
The following also are of interest: —
Dalston
ffebr. 11. 1657.
Upon the peticon of, the Ministr. and Inhabitants of the parish of
Dalston in the County of Cumberland Ordered that Mr. Edmund
Branthwayte Recr. take a view of the decayes of the Chancell of the
parish Church of Dalston aforesaid and Certifie the same to these
Trustees and what it will cost to repaire the same and whether if the
said Chancell should bee pulled down the Church will not bee
capacious enough to hold the pari.shionrs. and Inhabitants of the said
parish and whether the old Tennt were not bound to repa3n:e the
said Chancell and what the decayes of the Chancell were that incurred
in his time. 2
April 4. 1659.
Dalston, Whereas the vicarage of Dalston in the County of
Cumberland is of the yearely value of tenn poundes As by an
Inquisicon taken by vertue of a Comission under the Great Seale of
England in pursuance of an Act for providing maintenance for
preaching Ministrs & other pious uses appeareth And whereas the
tithes hereafter Menconed being all wthin ye psh & pcell of ye
Rectory of Dalston aforesd are parcell of the possions of ye late
Bishop of Carlisle & are of ye respective yearly values hereafter
menconed vizt the tithes of Dalston Hauxdale & Buckabank of ye
yearly value of ffifty pounds the tithes of Cardiew and Cardiew Lees
of the yearly value of sixteene poundes thirteen shillings fours pence
The tithes of Percivall Holmes tenemt of ye yearly value of two
pounds ten shillings the tithe wooll & Lambe of Dalston of ye yearly
valew of Seaven pounds ten shillings the tithes of Halfeilde & Litle
Raughton of ye yearly valew of eight pounds one shilling the tithes of
Raughton Moore of the yearly value of two pounds foure shillings
And whereas ^Nlr. Chrestopher Jackson was admitted to the vicarage
of Dalston aforesd by the Comrs for Approbacon of publique preachrs
the thirteenth day of June 1656 therefore upon due Consideracon had
of the premisses Will Steele Lord Chancellor of Ireland Sr John
Thorowgood of Kensington Knt. George Cowper Richard Yong John
Pocock Ralph Hall Richard Sydenham John Humfrey and Edward
Cressett Esqrs Trustees by severall Acts of Parliament for mainten-
ance of Minstrs Doe hereby order & appoint that all & all manner of
' 1, Commonwealth Exchequer Papers 290 (Record Office). This docu-
ment is well worth printing.
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 980
Dalston 243
tithes of the respective places aforesd bee united & annexed to ye sd
Vicarage of Dalston to & for encrease of the maintennce of ye sd Mr.
Jackson for such time as hee shall discharge the duty of ]\Iinister
there and of such other godly and orthodox Ministrs his Successrs as
shall bee Incumbents of ye sd Vicarage And that the yearly sume of
three pounds two shillings eight pence bee likewise from time to time
paid unto ye said Mr. Jackson & his Successors Alinistrs of Dalston
aforesd out of the rents & profitts of the tithes of Caulfeild and
Barranfeild in the said parish And it is further ordered that from &
after the five & Twentieth day of March instant the sd tithes of
Dalston Hauxdale & Buckabank Cardiew & Cardiew Lees percivall
Holmes tenement Dalston Wooll & Lambe Halfeild & Little Roughton
& of Eoughton !Moore bee left out of ye charge of ye revenue vested
in these Trustees whereof the Auditor is to take notice And it is
further ordered that the Recr of ye sd County doe forbeare any
further to intermeddle with ye sd tithes annexed as aforesaid or the
Tents issues or profitts of them or of ye receipt of them but that hee
permitt the sd ]Mr. Jackson & such godly & orthodox ]\Iinistrs as shall
succeed him as aforesaid quietly to have hold posse & enjoy the same
and the rents issues & profitts thereof & all person & persons are
therefore to sett out & pay their said tithes to ye sd Mr. Jackson &
his Successrs Incumbents of ye sd Vicarage from time to time
accordingly And it is further ordered yt upon legally setting out soe
much of ye sd tithes of Caulfeeld & Barrancefeeld in kind as will
amount to the said yearly sume of two pounds six shillings eight
pence a yeare the same bee annexed to the Vicarage of Dalston
aforesd Provided that dureing the Continuance of any Leases in being
■of ye aforesaid tithes the rents reserved on ye sd Leases onely &
dureing the continuance of ye sd Lease of Caulfield & Barrancefield ye
sd three pounds two shillings eight pence a yeare onely bee held &
enjoyed by ye sd ^Ir. Jackson & his Successrs Ministrs of Dalston
aforesd & the farmrs of ye pmisses are to pay the same accordingly
Dated the ninth day of March in the yeare according to the Computa-
tion used in England One Thousand Six hundred ffifty and eight.
Jo Thorowgood Jo Humfrey Jo Pococke Ra Hall Ri Yong.^
To complete the Jackson case it is necessary to add the
ifollowing : —
Feb 7. 1655/6.
Mr. Jackson Minister of Garsdale — receaver according to former
order pay.
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 995.
244 The Ejected of 1662
Feb. 12. 1655-6.1
Garsdale — write to Dr. Arrowsmith2 to give an acct of him & why
they turned him out of Garsdale.
March 4th. 1655/6.
Garsdale Mr. Jackson — Dr. Arrowsmith Ire [letter] reed.
May. 13. 1656.
Garsdale Order Mr. Jackson ye 301i according to former order.
April 17. 1656.
Dalston — put Mr. Jackson.
Friday August 1. 1656.
Cumberlnd Dalston Jackson is minister. So much of ye rents as
are not otherwise desposed of to be conferred on this man.
Sept. 15. 1656.
Dalston — Ordr ye pishioners of Dalston to Sett out their tythes in
kind, as they Answer the Contrary at their pill [peril].
March 27. 1657.
Garsdale — Mr. Jackson acknowledgeth ye receite of ye 30li due by
order of 26th June 1655 payable lady day 1654 clames till 24th Mar.
1655 being one yeare more & that is allheclaimes — he clames one quarter
ending 1655 lady day since he was there ye last quarter ending lady
day 1655, but absent in ye yeare 1654 & yt he is elected for a scandal-
ous minister — dismissed him there being nothing due unto him.
Saith he was here about the trustees service. 3
The case of Christopher Jackson is exceedingly difficult
to understand. The rough notes of MS. 1021, intended
only for the use of the scribe, are not easy to read intelli-
gently; but what seems clear is the identification of the
Garsdale Jackson with the Dalston one.* Were it not for
1. For reference to Mr. Forward and Dalston vide p. 565.
2. Dr. John Arrowsmith, for some time Master of Trinity College,
Cambridge, was one of Cromwell's "Triers." He was a North Country
man, being born at Gateshead, and it appears that Jackson's case was
referred to him. (Brook's Lives of the Puritans, vol. iii, p. 315.)
3. All these are from Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 1021.
4. Quite late iiiformation has thrown strong suspicion upon this
identification. The impression produced by the reading of MS. 1021 is
that the two were one, because the various items follow so regularly.
It will, however, be noted that the Christian name is not given in
any of the extracts. That Christopher Jackson was at Dalston admits
of no doubt; and it is almost equally certain that the Garsdale Jackson
was not Christopher, but Richard, who was also Head Master of the
Dalston 245
a serious clashing of dates I should have no hesitation in
identifying him also with the Christopher Jackson who
appears at Crosby Garrett, and who was ejected thence at
the Restoration.^ In view of the declared policy of the
Commonwealth a Plurality of livings for him is unthink-
able. Yet even in spite of the date difficulty there is
something to be said for their identification. Calamy
states that Christopher Jackson of Crosby Garrett was first
outed somewhere in Yorkshire, and the MS. says that the
Dalston Jackson was ejected from Garsdale, which is in
Yorkshire, a few miles from Sedbergh. The charge of
scandalousness can hardly be interpreted in the usual
acceptance of the term; and his immediate transfer to
Dalston supports that contention. ^ The case is complicated
by the appearance in the ministry of more than one person
of this name about this time. The Episcopal Register at
Carlisle gives a Christopher Jackson who was ordained in
June, 1634: Oliver Heywood mentions a "Nonconforming"
Minister of this name who died in 1662, after the Uni-
formity Act ^ ; there was also a Christopher Jackson at
Mallerstang Chapel in 1656^; Palmer gives Christopher
Jackson ejected from Lampeter in Wales, who died in
London; Christopher Jackson, B.A., of Trinity College,
Sedbergh Grammar School. Richard Jackson was sequestered for
scandalousness, among the charges brought against him being drunken-
iness, which was fully proved. The story is told by Mr. Wilson in his
" Sedbergh School Register " ; by the Rev. W. Thompson, M.A., in
" Sedbergh, Garsdale and Dent " ; and in part in the Calendars of State
Papers for 1655/6 and 1656/7. The text is allowed to staoid partly
because the printing had proceeded too far to correct, partly because it
illustrates the difficulties which beset a work of this kind, and partly
because of the interesting items it contains about Jackson; but the
reader should remember the caution given. The case of Christopher
Jackson in relation to Crosby Garrett is in no way affected by this
discovery.
1. Vide p. 1094.
2. This, of course, was on the assumption that the person was
Christopher Jackson; but vide p. 244, note 4.
3. Diaries, vol. i, p. 305.
4. Vide p. 1083.
246 The Ejected of 1662
Dublin, was nominated to Hambleton Cliapel, in Lanca-
shire, by Richard Clegg, Yicar of Kirkham, May 26thy
1699^ ; and Christopher Jackson, Minister of the Crux
Church, York, "dyed May 22nd, 1701, aged 60." 2 It is
a case in which a definite judgment is not possible until
further light is forthcoming. Christopher Jackson cer-
tainly disappears from Dalston about 1658, and who
succeeded him has not been ascertained.
It would seem from the following that a Minister was
settled here in 1659-60 : —
Dalston
D. Mar. 1. ffebr. 16th. 1659.
Whereas these Trustees by Instrument undr their hands & Seales
dated ye 9th day of March 1658 annexed the impropriate tithes
following all in ye psh of Dalston & County of Cumberland unto ye
vicarage of Dalston aforesaid vizt the tithes of Dalston Hakesdale &
Buckabanke Cardue & Cardiew Lees Percivall Holmes tenement
tithe woll Lambe of Dalston Calfeild and Little Raughton & Raugh-
ton Moore & whereas the trustees are informed that notwithstanding
the said annexacon Mr. Edmond Branthwayte Recr. doth not permit
the Minister of Dalston aforesd quietly to hold & enjoy the sd tithes
according to ye purport thereof It is ordered that ye sd Mr. Branth-
wayte doe forbeare any further intermedling wth ye sd tithes
annexed as aforesd or ye rents issues and profitts thereof but yt he
permitt the Ministr. of Dalston to hold and enjoy the same according
to ye sd Instrumt. wthout let trouble or molestacon.
Jo Thorowgood Jo Pococke Wm. Steele George Cowper Rich. Yong.3
It is unfortunate that the name is not given ; but who-
ever was here at this date he was replaced shortly
afterwards, whether forcibly or not has not been
ascertained.
Richard Garth, M.A., 1661—1663.
He matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, December
9th, 1650; graduated B.A. January 25th, 1654-5, and
M.A. July 4th, 1657.* The State Papers give the names
1. Act Book, Chester Registry.
2. Northowram Register, p. 105.
3. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 987.
4. Al. Ox.
Dalston 247
of a small group of distinguished Cumbrian men in
Oxford, who were in frequent correspondence with Sir
Joseph Williamson during the years 1660 and 1661.
These were Gerard Langbaine, Timothy Halton, Thomas
Lamplugh, and Richard Garth. The latter does not
appear to have been a particular favourite, and he was
very restive because no living came his way. He
petitioned without success for Workington, but eventually
he obtained Dalston,^ being collated by Bishop Sterne
October 14th, 1661. He removed to Bromfield.^ No
entry appears in the Registers relating to him, but in
" The Easter reckoning Booke " is a true copy of his
receipt " dated June ye 27th, 1662," which was written
out in 1T18 by " Jo : Walker, curat," and which relates
to John Holme of Holme Hall, and his tithe hay.
John Walker, B.A., 1663—1714.
He also was collated by Bishop Sterne, February 3rd,
1663. Foster says that John Walker matriculated at
Queen's College, Oxford, July 25th, 1655, graduated B.A.
1660, and M.A. from Magdalen College, Cambridge,
1669: "perhaps vicar of Dalston.''^ He remained here
until his death in 1714; and his burial entry in the
Registers reads thus : —
Johannes Walker vicarius de Dalston obiit die Sabbati viz. decimo
quinto die August! 1714 Semi-hora post Septemanam et die Martis
tunc proxime sequenti circiter horam quintam pomeridianam (intra
Ecclesiam) fuit sepultus.
The Registers also have the following interesting
entry : —
September 13th 1700 is buried John Stubbs of Dalston quacker.
Possibly he was a relative of " Thomas Stubbs of Dalston,
who had been a Soldier and had laid down Arms &
1. Cal S. P. Dom. for 1660-1 ; also Lamplugh's letter, p. 775.
2. Vide p. 641.
3. Ai. Ox.
248 The Ejected of 1662
received Truth "^' becoming famous afterwards as one of
George Eox's most enthusiastic Missionaries.
Thomas Benson, M.A., D.D., 1714—1727.
He was collated by Bishop Nicolson and inducted
October 23rd, 1714. He had for his Curate, John Walker,
probably the son of John Walker his predecessor in the
living. John Walker's baptismal entry bears date
November 15th, 1672. Benson held Stanwix along with
Dalston.2
1. The First Publishers of Truth, p. 68. That is how it is stated in
this work, but Ferguson (Early Cumberland and Westmorland Friends,
p. 155) and others give John Stubbs as the soldier, identifying him with
the person whose burial is noted above. The statement in "The First
Publishers," &c., is entitled to the greater weight.
2. Vide p. 198.
II. THE BRAMPTON GROUP.
In spite of the labour bestowed upon it, tlie information
supplied by this section is disappointingly meagre. In
most cases, the County Histories are of little service, no
attempt being made to furnish a list of those who held the
livings. The livings were, of course, small; and, in conse-
quence, served mainly by Curates, and the difficulty is
increased by the Pluralism, which largely abounded. The
Registers also fail us, in only a few cases being anterior
to the Restoration. The late Rev. Henry Whitehead,
M.A., in his paper on The Brampton Deanery Registers,
however, has proved to be of the greatest assistance, the
only surprise being that so keen and careful an antiquarian
student should have made such large use of Whellan,
whose mistakes are irritatingly plentiful and glaring. In
the principal cases, however, those in which we are mainly
interested because of the changes which the Common-
wealth and Restoration brought, the lists are fairly full.
I. BRAMPTON.
This is a market town some ten miles east of Carlisle.
The Church is dedicated to St. Martin, and its Registers
begin in 1663. The earliest volume, which is of parch-
ment, contains all the marriages, baptisms and burials up
to 1729, with the exception of five years, 1707-1712. It is
in good condition and the writing is quite legible. The
following is a list of Incumbents : —
Robert Beck, 1579—1599.
A person of this name, possibly the same, was at Kirk-
linton in 1576, and CrosthJ^^aite in 1592. If the same
he would be a Pluralist.^
1. Vide pp. 307, 648.
250 The Ejected of 1662
Henry Hudson, S.T.B., 1600—
He was instituted April 3, 1600, and was gone before
1611. Probably the person of this name who had charge
of Stapleton in 1603, and Brigham in 1617.1
Nicholas Copeland, 1611.
The authority for this is the following : —
January 2. 1611, To Mr. Cowpland, vicar of Brampton uppon
composition for the tythes thear due and payable at this Christmas
last past for one year, vijli. [Eeceived] Nicholas Cowpland. 2
There are also references under 1612 to "Mr. Cowpland's
maid bringing eggs " and receiving " xijd " for the same;
also to her " bringing plums " for which she got " iiijd." ;
and " to Mr. Cowpland's man bringing hens " for which
he obtained " ijs." On December 26, 1613, " Mr. Cow-
pland " received for " one yeares tythes ended at
Christemas 1613 vijli." He evidently removed shortly
after this.
Probably the person who for some time was Master of
the St. Bees Grammar School. He was also at Brigham
and Gosforth. ^
Thomas Warwick, 1615.
It is exceedingly difficult to sort out the Warwicks, of
whom there appear to have been several in the ministry
at this time. The late Henry Whitehead, Vicar of
Brampton, and one of the largest and most valuable
contributors to the Transactions of the Cumberland and
Westmorland Archaeological Society, gives the name of
the Brampton Vicar as " William Warwick." * He does
so on the authority of Hutchinson and Whellan; but
these writers are very unreliable in matters of this kind,
and the name is a mistake. The Institution Books give
" Thomas Warwick " and state that he was instituted,
1. Vide pp. 288, 747.
2. Household Books, &c., pp. 56 and 57.
3. Vide pp. 747, 836.
4. Brampton in the Olden Times, p. 69.
I
Brampton 251
Aug. 17, 1615, on a Presentation by " Hen. Dacre Ar."
Foster has also mixed things up considerably. He gives
the following under "Thomas Warwicke" : — " Of Carlisle,
pleb. Queen's Coll. matric. 14 July 1592 aged 18; B.A. 8
July 1596; M.A. from St. Edmund Hall 4 July 1599;
rector of Salkeld, Cumberland, 1604, vicar of Morland,
Westmorland, 1606, and of Brampton, Cumberland, 1615."
This is followed thus: — "Warwicke Thomas of Cumber-
land pleb. Queen's Coll. matric. 12 Oct. 1621, aged 20, B.A.
29 Nov. 1621; vicar of Morland, Westmorland, 1621,
rector of Beaumont 1625, and of Bowness, (both) Cumber-
land 1629," ^ The second Thomas Warwick was ordained
Deacon Sep. 28, 1623, and is probably the person of that
name that held the living of Aspatria in 1639.- Foster
also gives George Warwick " of Cumberland, pleb. Queen's
Coll. matric 14 June 1582, aged 16, B.A. 8 Dec. 1586,
M.A. 9 June 1589, fellow 1593 ; rector of Simondsburne,
Northumberland, 1597-9, and of Melmerby, Cumberland,
1610^21, Archdeacon of Carlisle 1604-21." ^ This was
the one who was at Great Salkeld, and not Thomas
Warwick as given by Foster. *
The only way through the Warwick maze which suggests
itself at present is the following. Three persons of the
name of Thomas Warwick are given as successively Rectors
of Morland, being father, son, and probably grandson.^
Thomas Warwick, senior, held the Morland living for
forty years, resigning in 1606 in favour of his son,
Thomas Warwick, M.A., who remained until 1620. This
is probably the one who was at Askham from 1604 to 1610,
in which case he would be a Pluralist. This would be the
Brampton Vicar, and in 1645 he appears as Eector also of
Bowness. The latter living had passed out of his hands
by 1647; probably, as in the case of several others, he
had had the choice of either but had been compelled
1. Al. Ox.
2. Vide p. 643.
3. Al. Ox.
4. Loftie's Great Salkeld ; its Rectors and History, p. 56.
5. Vide p. 1178.
2^52 The Ejected of 1662
to surrender one. Thomas Warwick, M.A., the third of
that name was at Morland from 1621 to 1624. Possibly
this is the one who appears at Beaumont in 1625 and
Aspatria in 1639. ^
Lord William Howard seems to have been in the habit
of giving " Parson Warik " financial assistance in times
of stress. Hence the following : —
May 28, 1620, Lent to Parson Warik by my Lord's apoyntment
xls.
Again : —
Monie lent Jan. 1. 1621-2 To Mr. Warwick Vicar of Brampton
by my Lord's Command at London vli.
Also : —
August 2. 1633. Lent unto Mr. Warwicke, Viker of Brampton,
(to redeeme him from the Pursivantes handes) and to bee payed
againe at Lammas 1634 xxli. 2
It appears that Warwick and Lady Howard did not
scruple to do a little gambling together. Hence the
following : —
Feb 23. 1624. To my Lady at tabells with Mr. Warwick iiijs."
Not less interesting this : —
1628 Sept. 28. To Mr. Warwicke for xvj salted sallmons sent to
London unto Sr William Pitts xxxijs.*
In 1629 he is referred to as " olde Mr. Warwicke," and
the following shows how his home was doubtless annually
cheered : —
Eewards. January 1st 1629-30 (New Yeares daye). To Parson
Warwicke by my Lord's Commaund xxs. To his wife from my
Ladie xs. 5
In 1644 he contributed £2 Os. Od. to the Carlisle
garrison for Bowness and Brampton. In January 1655-6
1. Vide p. 220.
2. Household Books, pp. Uo, 181, 338.
3. Ibid., p. 213.
4. Ibid., p. 245.
5. Ibid., p. 262.
I
Brampton 253
" Mr. Warwicke " was among the Carlisle preachers, his
expenses being 3s. ; but probably this was the Aspatria
Warwick. Similarly the one named by William Lampit
in his letter of 1650, where he is described as " late
chaplain to Sir. Edward Musgrave, a great plunderer of
honest men." ^ The one fact that stands out with un-
questioned distinctness is that, in 1644, the Brampton
Warwick was a Pluralist, like so many others of his day,
having Bowness for his other living. The Episcopal
Register gives the following : —
An Indenture made to Thomas Warwick of ye ffishing in Eden,
&c., Rose Castle County of Cumberland. Feby. 14. 1685-6.
The " Chamberlain's Accounts " also refer to " old Mr.
Warwick." ^ Both of these were probably connections.
Andrew Mandrake, 1656 — 1658.
This name does not appear in any history, but his
appointment and Augmentation are referred to in the
following : —
Brampton,
ffeb. 3rd. 1656.
Know all men by these psents that ye 16th. day of January in the
years 1656 there was &c. a pensacon of Andrew INIandrake Clerke to
ye Vicarage of Brampton in the County of Cumberland made to him
by Charles Howard Esq. the patron thereof together &c. Upon &c
the Comrs. &c. In Witnes &c. Dated at Whitehall ye 21 day of
January 1656.
Ut Coldecot per
Jo. Nye Regr. 3
Brampton,
d d 23 ffeb. flebr. 3d. 1656.
Ordered that the yearly Sume of thirty poundes bee and the Same
is hereby Graunted to the Minister of Brampton in ye County of
Cumberland to and for increase of his Maintenance his Highnes and
Councell haveing approved thereof the 24th day of March 1655 And
that the Same bee from time to time paid unto Mr. Andrew Mand-
rake Minister of Brampton aforesaid approved according to the
1. Vide p. 624.
2. Vide p. 181.
3. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 968.
2 54 The Ejected of 1662
Ordinance for approbacon of publique preachers the 21 day of
January 1656 to hold for such time as hee shall descharge the duty
of the Minister of the said place or untill further Order of these
Trustees out of the rents and profitts hereafter Menconed vizt the
yearly Sume of ten pounds out of the Tythes of Aspatria the further
yearly sume of six poundes out of the tythes of Aughterside and ye
further yearly Sume of fourteen poundes out of the tythes of Hayton
Mellowe & Quinsby all within the County of Cumberland and
amounting in the whole to ye said yearly Sume of thirty poundes the
Same to bee accompted from this pret 3d day of ffeb. [1656] and Mr.
Edmund Branthwayte Receiver is hereby appointed to pay ye Same
unto him accordingly.
Ed. Cressett, Jo. Humfrey, Ri. Sydenham Edw. Hopkins
Ri. Yongl
Brampton. June 25. 1657.
Whereas these Trustees the third ffebr 1656 ordered unto Mr.
Andrew Mandrake 2 Minr of Brampton in the County of Cumberland
(among other thinges) the yearely Sume of fourteene poundes out of
the tithes of Hayton ilellow and Quinsby in the said County to be
accompted from the said 3d day of ffeb 1656 It is ordered that the Sume
of Twelve poundes eight shillinges only be paid out of the said tithes
of Hayton &c and the further yearely Sume of one pound twelve
shillinges out of the tithes of Cumrew in the said County the same to
be accompted from the said 3d day of ffebr 1656 and to be from time
to time continued and paid to the said Mr. Mandrake for such time
as he shall descharge the duty of the Minr. of the said place or untill
further order of these Trustees. And that Mr. Edmund Branthwaite
recr doe pay the same unto him accordingly.
Ri. Sydenham Ra. Hall Jo. Pocock Ri. Yong John Humfrey. 3
Brampton. July 7. 1658.
Whereas these Trustees have by orders of the 3d of ffebruary 1656
and 25th of June 1657 graunted unto the Minister of Brampton in the
County of Cumberland the yearely sume of thirty pounds out of the
particulers in the said ordrs menconed It is ordered that the further
yearely sume of ten poundes be graunted for a further increase of
maintennce of the minister of Brampton aforesaid and that the same
be from time to time paid unto Mr. Andrew Mandrake Minister of
Brampton aforesaid out of the rents and profitts of the tithes of
Crosby in the said County To hold for such time as he shall continue
to descharge the duty of the minister of Brampton aforesaid or
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 993.
2. The scribe has written Wandrake several times.
3. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 993.
I
Brampton 255
further order of these Trustees to be accounted from the 24th of June
last And that Mr. Edmund Branthwayt Kecr doe pay the same
accordingly.
Jo. Thorowgood Ri. Yong Ra Hall Jo Humphrey Jo. Pocock. i
Andrew Mandrake died shortly after tliis.
mXHANIEL BUENAND, M.A., 1658—1662.
He was the son of " old Mr. Nathanael Burnand, the
chief Minister in Durham in the time of the Civil Wars." -
Such is Calamy's statement and he adds that he was "bred
in Cambridge." Foster, however, gives the following
which almost certainly refers to him : " Of Berks, Cler.
fil. Trinity College, Oxford, matric. 12 Xov. 1619, aged
15, B.A. 7 July 1623; M.A. from Magdalen Hall 1 July
1626." 3 In March 1642 he was committed to Newcastle
gaol for religious offences;* but shortly after he took
charge of Ovingham in Northumberland. The following
is witness to this : —
1642 April 19. Whereas Nath. Burnand an Orthodox divine out
of his Desire to advance the preaching of the Gospel in the County
of Northumberland, and being chosen by the parishioners of Ovingham
to preach there is willing (though to his great charge) to remove his
Family thither ; this House doth very well approve of the good and
pious intention of the said Mr. Burnand. 5
In 1645 he appears at Morpeth reporting, along with
several other Ministers, as to the religious state of the
County, in view of the prospective setting up of " Presby-
teriall Government." They refer to " ye paucity of godly
and able ministers in this spatious Countye" ; " ye poore
allowance for ministers in many of the sayd parishes (the
stipend not being lOli per annum) occasioneth many to
ye scandall of theire function to keepe common alehouses" ;
to the necessity for " taking away the Booke of Common
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.) 995.
2. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 158.
3. Al. Ox.
4. So Penfold in "Early Brampton Presbyterianism " (Trans. (N.S.),
vol. iii, p. 97).
5. C. J., vol. ii, p. 535.
256 The Ejected of 1662
Prayr ... ye nurse of an idle and non-preacliing min-
istry" ; and request ttat the divers " ministers that have
bin or shalbe east out of theire places for seandall or
delinquency whether in remote parts or among orselves
. . . may not bee setled among us least they proving false
may hinder ye establishing of truth and righteousnes in
this part of ye kingdome." ^
In 1656 he had charge of Castle Carrock and Cum-
whitton and his appointment to Brampton together with
his salary is referred to in the following : —
Brampton
Mar. 18 '
1658.
Know all men by these psents that ye 7th day of January 1658
there was exhibited &c a presentacon of Nathaniell Burnand CI. to
the Vicarage of Brampton in ye County of Cumberland made to
him by Charles Lord Howard Kn. the patron together &c. In witnes
Dated at Whitehall 28th of January 1658.
Jo. Nye Regr. 2
Brampton in ye
County of Cumberland. Nathaniel Burnand CI. Admitted the 28th
day of January 1658 to ye V. of Brampton in ye County of Cum-
berland Upon a pres. exhibited the 7th day of January 1658 from
Charles Lord Viscount Howard the patron And Certificates from
Wm. Brisco Tho : Crayster Cuth Studholme Tho : Sewell Tho :
Langhorne Rich. Gilpin of Graystocke Roger Baldwin Tim. Tullye
Roland Niccols Comf. Starre.3
Fryday 25. Februarij 1658.
Brampton
Cumberland. Continue ye 301i to Mr. Burnand p'sent Minister
but not ye lOli yt being gone to Crosby. 4
Brampton. March 23, 1658.
Whereas these Trustees 3d of ffebruary 1656 ord. ye yearly sume
of thirty poundes unto ye Minister of Brampton in the County of
Cumberland his Highnesse and Counsell haveing approved thereof
to bee paid unto Mr. Andrew Mandrake then Minister there who
is since deceased It is ordered that ye sume bee continued & from
1. Shaw's Hist. Eng. Ch., vol. ii, p. 366.
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 968.
3. Ihid., 999.
4. Ihid., 1003.
Brampton 257
time to time paid unto Mr. Nathaniell Burnand admitted to the
Vicaridge of Brampton aforesd by the Comrs for approbacon of
Publique preachrs ye 28th day of January last to bee paid out of
the perticulers hereafter menconed (vizt) the yearly sume of lOli out
of ye rents & pfitts of the tithes of Aspatree ye further yearly sume
of 6li out of ye rents & pfitts of the tithes Ougherside & ye further yearly
sume of 14li out of the rents & pfitts of ye tithes of Hayton Mellow
Quinsby in ye sd County of Cumberland & amounting in ye whole
to ye sd yearly sume of 301i To hold for such time as the sd Mr.
Burnand shall continue faithfully to descharge ye duty of ye Minister
of ye sd place or further Order. And that ilr. Edmund Branthwaite
Recr doe pay the same accordingly.
Ra Hall Ric Sydenham Ri Yong Jo Pocock Edw Cressett. i
Contrary to what almost invariably happened in Cum-
berland and Westmorland, bis Ejection did not take place
until 1662. In the Brampton Court Leet Records is the
following : —
Cur. Let. 1661 Nathaniell Burnand, Clericus propter Johannem
Peares de Cannockhill iijs. iiijd. pro decimis 29 9ber 2
His career after his Ejection is thus given by Calamy : —
When he was Ejected, he retir'd to the Desart Places in Austin-
More [Alston], aftd there took a Farm, and manag'd it carefully in
order to a Subsistence for his Family, Preaching in his own House
on the Lord's Day to any Poor Christians that would come to hear
him ; and in process of time he Preach'd at Burneston in Publick,
no one taking Notice of him. At length Providence Favouring Sir
William Blacket in his Lead-Mines, he fix'd him there to Preach to
his Miners, with an allowance of 301 per annum. He had great
Success among those Ignorant Creatures, and did much good. But
when the Mines fail'd Poor Mr. Burnand was again at a loss ; came
up to London, and spent some time with a Congregation at Harwich.
But Age coming upon him, he at length came to London again, and
subsisted upon the Charity of well disposed Christians, till Death
gave him his Quietus. 3
In the Episcopal Eegister at Carlisle the following
notice of his relief from the sentence of Excommunication
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 995.
2. Whitehead's Brampton xviith Century Presbyterians (Trans. (O.S.)
for 1886).
3. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 158.
R
258 The Ejected of 1662
occurs : " 1665 7br 8 Eadem [Absolutia] concessa. Mro
Nathan. Burnand." In the Conventicle Returns for 1669
he is described as " a Farmer or Drover," who was
accustomed to hold a " Conventicle of Independents " in
Brampton, his hearers being 30 or 35 in number, " meane
most of them, but some rich." ^ In 1672 he took out a
License as a " Pr[esbyterian] Teacher," though his Con-
venticles went by the name of " Independent." For some
reason or other his name does not appear in the Present-
ment Lists, and he is lost to sight for a while. Mr. J. W.
Robinson suggests that for several years he may have been
at " Middlehope Burnfoot in Allendale first as a farmer
and then as a Minister" ; and adds that " Burnand appears
frequently in the Allendale Parish Registers between 1694
and 1698, but, curiously, his Christian name is never
mentioned." ^
The following undoubtedly relates to him and testifies
to his moderation and liberality of view : —
CCVIII. JOHN WALTON AND OTHERS. FOR SPEAKING
AGAINST THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
Feb. 9, 1676-7. Before Sir Philip xMusgrave Bt. Thomas Walton
of Aldstone Moore gent saith that, being in the Company of Lionell
Walton, of the Bridge end, his son, John Walton &c. and discoursing
about a Minister, Mr. Burnand, who related to this informer some
discourse that past betwixt himselfe and one John Walton of Gates-
head concerning the Church of England, which Church Mr. Burnand
held to be a true Church, the said John Walton denied it. The
Company now present said they thought that John Walton was in
the right. They did also endeavour to prove by Arguments that the
Church of England was a false Church ; namely, the Kinge is a
foresworne man then how could he establish a true Church : that
the Church of England is eronious, and therefore could not be a true
Church : and that a corrupt tree cannot bring forth good frute, the
Church of England is universily corrupt therefore it cannot be a
true Church. They did also affirme that the Church of England was
goeing on the broad way to destruction. They also said that if the
Church of England went to heaven, hell would be very empty.
They alsoe affirmed and tooke in hand to prove that those that used
1. Vide p. 1329.
2. Notes on the Early Nonconformist Ministers at Alston Moor.
Brampton 259
the Comon Prayer would be dammed. They endeavoured to prove
it out of some text in the CoUossians, chap. 2d 22 and 23 ver.i
Nathaniel Burnand ranks with Eichard Gilpin, George
Larkham, George Benson, and a few others, in the work of
laying the foundations of Nonconformity in this County.
He was connected with Gilpin by marriage, having
Gilpin's sister for his wife. In the Gilpin Pedigree the
name is given as Margaret;' and the late Mr. Whitehead
says that he had among his papers the following, though
how it had been obtained he could not be sure : "Margaret
d. of Isaac Gilpin b. 14 Mar. 1631 M. [Married] Nathaniel
Burnand Rr. of Brampton in Com. Cumbr." It is, of
course, quite possible that this is correct; but if so there
was a great disparity in the ages of the two. This
connection with the Gilpin family would make him a
frequent visitor to Scaleby Castle, where Richard Gilpin
made his home for some time after his Ejection from
Greystoke ; and there doubtless he often found protection
from the storms which raged around him.
In view of his connection with the Gilpin family it is
singular that, according to Calamy's statement, he went
eventually so far away as Essex, and that upon his last
days the shadow of a deep poverty fell. That such,
however, was the case is attested by the following : —
Nov. 13, 1710.
Resolved nemine contradicente that six pounds be immediately
allowed Mr. Burnand out of the Fund to descharge a debt owing to
his Landlady and that it may be paid into the hands of Mr.
Grovenor.
Feby 5, 1710/11.
This Board being informed that Mr. Burnand is dead and that
there remains due from him to the persons with whom he lodged
for ye necessary supplys of Life the Sum of foure pounds ten shil-
lings and six pence Ordered that the said sum of £4 10 6 be allow'd
for ye same purpose above mentioned. 3
1. Dep. from York Castle (Surtees Soc, vol. 40), p. 226.
2. Gilpin Memoirs, edited by Wm. Jackson, F.S.A.
3. Minutes of the Presbyterian Fund. For his connection with
Brampton and Alston Nonconformity vide pp. 1270, 1271.
26o The Ejected of 1662
Mr. Whitehead gives the following interesting account
of a visit to the house, upon which tradition fixes as the
place where Nathaniel Burnand was accustomed to preach
in the days of his religious outlawry : —
It seems he preached at his own house, where tradition says he
was not connived at but had to preach for safety in a loft, to which
he and his audience obtained access through a trap door. I was
told of this tradition by Mr. Joseph Dickinson, of Alston, who
accompanied me on a visit I desired to pay to the lonely retreat of
one of the most interesting of my predecessors. We ascended through
the trap door, and stood in the loft ; which is larger than either of
the rooms below, and perhaps on that account rather than for
secrecy was used for preaching, i
The County Histories, except Whellan, ignore Burnand,
and he blunders with the name, giving it as " John."
With reference to Nathaniel Burnand, senior, it may be
added that, about 1649, he appears along with Richard
Gilpin as one of the Ministers of the Cathedral Church of
Durham. His burial is thus noted in the Parish Registers
of the St. Oswald Church : —
Burial 1650 May 6. Mr. Nathaniell Burnand, Minister of this
Church.
Philip Fielding, M.A., 1662—1692.
He was of St. John's College, Cambridge, graduating
B.A. in 1660, and M.A. in 1664. Reckoning according to
the Old Style, in October, two months after St. Bartholo-
mew's Day, he read the Thirty Nine Articles as the
Registers testify : —
28. 8. 1662.
Mem. That I phill. ffeilding vicar of Brampton have the day &
yeare abovsd read the Thirty nine Articles appointed by the Church
of England in Wittnesse whereof I have hereunto subscribed before
these witnesses &c.
Phil. Feilding.
His Institution, however, does not appear to have taken
place until Feb. 2, 1662-3 ; and on the day previous he
was ordained both Deacon and Priest. Philip Fielding-
1. Brampton xviith Century Presbyterians.
I
Brampton 261
was a Pluralist, becoming Yicar of Crosby-on-Eden and
Irthington in 1666.^ He resigned Crosby in 1670, but
kept Irthington witb Brampton until his death, which
took place in 1692. His burial entry in the Registers
reads thus :
Master philip ffellding Vicker of Brampton was Buread ye 25th
of June 1692.
A slab in the north east corner of the old Church, which
still in part exists about a mile from the town, states
that he died " in anno aetatis 53."
John Cockburn, M.A., 1692 — 1702.
He was instituted July 25, 1692, on the Presentation of
" Charles Comes Carliol." He read the Thirty Nine
Articles Sep. 18, 1692. A daughter, Margaret, was bap-
tized Nov. 3rd of the same year; and he died in 1702 as
the following from the Registers attests : —
Memorandum that Mr. John Cockburn Vicar of Brampton was
buried October 29th Anno Domini 1702.
Richard Culcheth, M.A., 1702 — 1714.
He was instituted March 13, 1702, on the same Pre-
sentation. A¥riting in 1704 Bishop Nicolson says of the
last three Brampton Vicars that Fielding was " rich and
had no Children;" Cockburn "honest and poor;" but that
Culcheth was " somewhat too Worldly ; endeavouring to
hold Stapleton, Upper Denton and Farlam ^ in Commen-
dam with ye Liveing of Brampton." Respecting the
Church he adds : " Little and very unbecomeing the
giandeur of a Mercate-Town. 'Tis also in a Slovenly
pickle: dark, black and ill-Seated. The Quire is yet
more Nasty." ^
The burial entry of Richard Culcheth, whose tomb is in
the porch of the Old Church, reads thus : —
The Reverend Mr. Richard Culcheth, Buried ye 4 of February
1713-4, after he had been Vicar of Brampton 10 years, 10 months
and 10 Days.
1. Vide pp. 205, 284. 2. Vide pp. 275, 277, 288. 3. Miscel., p. 142.
II. CASTLE CARROCK.
Castle Carrock is a small village about four miles south
of Brampton, and near the majestic scenery of the Cross
Fell mountain range. The Church is dedicated to St.
Peter. The earliest Register Book appears to have been
lost, the present one going back to 1679 only. It is a
paper volume, without covers, worn at the edges, but the
writing is clear and good. It opens with baptisms, the
earliest decipherable date being " ffeb. 21. 1688-9." This
fact led Whellan to give that as the date at which the
Registers begin ;i but farther in the book it will be found
that " Wedings " commence with 1679 and burials the
same. The following is a list of Incumbents : —
Leonard Milburn, 1589 — 1635.
The "Household Books" of Lord William Howard contain
the following which, among things, establish his connec-
tion with the Bishop of Carlisle : —
Aprilis 25 [1613]. To Mr. Parson Milburn for his whole tjrth of
Geltesdale due to him at Easter last xs. *
1621 Dcemb 2. Eec. more by him [John Pildrem] of the Bishop
of Carlyle as mony formerly lent to his brother Mr. Parson Milburn
as part of ili paid by Thomas Waters xxli. 3
Januarie 21, 1624-5. To Mr. Leanerd Milbom for a Coach and
4 horses xxxli. 4
The Editor suggests that these had been the property of
Bishop Milburn who died in 1624.
The Milburns, Milbourns or Milbournes were a Cum-
berland family; and, as already intimated, Leonard
Milburn was the brother of Richard Milburn, Bishop of
1. Whellan, p. 671.
2. Household Books, p. 56.
3. Ibid., p. 159.
4. Ibid., p. 223.
Castle Carrock 263
Carlisle, 1621-1624. Under Kirkoswald will be found tte
names of Robert and Leonard Milboiirne.^ Leonard
Milburn of Oiisby and Skelton was the Bisbop's son.^
The Institution Books state that the Castle Carrock Yicar
died about 1635.
Christopher Gibson, 1635 — 1651.
He was collated Aug. 17, 1635, by Bishop Potter, the
vacancy having been caused " p. mort. natural Leonardi
Milburne clici ult. incumb." the place being given as
Castlecayrock." ^ Foster gives the names of several
Gibsons of Westmorland who were educated at Oxford, in
particular two or three sons of Richard Gibson of
Bampton, who rose to distinction. Christopher Gibson
was a contributor to the Carlisle garrison in 1644, being
at Castle Carrock at the time. Walker does not mention
him in his list of Sequestered Clergy, but it would appear
that he suffered in this way during the Commonwealth
period.
Nathaniel Burnand, M.A., 1656 — 1658.
His appointment is referred to in the following and the
question of his Augmentation is also dealt with : —
Brampton Thursday 24th March 1656.
Castle Carrocke. Att the Councell at Whitehall.
Ordered that it bee recomended to the Trustees for Maintennce
of Ministers to settle an Augmentacon of fforty poundes p. annum
uppon the Minister of Brampton and thirty poundes p. ann. upon
the Minr of Castle Carrock in the County of Cumberland there being
not a Competent Mayntennce for preaching Minrs. there.
Hen. Scobell Clerke
of the Councell. 4
Castle Carrocke
&
Cumwhitton.
Know all men by these psents that the sixth day of June in the
yeare one thousand six hundred ffifty and six there was exhibited
1. Vide p. 333.
2. Vide pp. 387, 479.
3. Institution Books.
4. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 977.
264 The Ejected of 1662
to the Comrs for approbacon of publique preachers a psacon of
Nathaniell Burnand Gierke Master of Arts to the Rectory or parish
Churches of Castle Carrocke & Com Whitton in the County of
Cumberland togeather &c. In witnes &c. Dated att Whitehall the
9th day of July 1656.
Jo. Nye Regr. l
Castle
Carrocke. July 17, 1658.
Whereas these Trustees the 10th of July graunted the yearly sume
of thirty poundes unto Mr. Nath. Burnard Minister of Castle
Carrocke in ye County of Cumberland out of the particulars therein
menconed and whereas the Chappelry of Cumrew is within ye said
parish and there is noe Minister att pret to the said Chappelry
belonging the last Curate thereof being elected out of the same and
the said Mr. Burnard is the incumbent of the said parish Church
with the said Chappelry annexed and whereas a portion of tithes
within the said Chappelry lately come into the possion by the
expiration of ye lease thereof It is ordered that the yearly Sume of
eight poundes bee graunted out of the rents and profitts of the
tithes of the said Chappelry to and for a further increase of main-
tennce of the said Mr. Burnard And it is further ordered that upon
expiration of the lease of the tithes of Cum Whitton in the said
County the said tithes bee likewise graunted unto the said Minister
for increase of maintennce in Hew of soe much of the said augmen-
tacon hereby & by the said Ordr of the 10th of July 1656 Setled
upon him as the said tithes of Cum Whitton doe amount unto.
Jo. Thorowgood Edw. Cressett Ri Yong Jo Pocock Jo. Humfrey. 2
Nathaniel Burnand removed to Brampton in 1658, under
which heading a full account of him appears.^ Whether
any one immediately succeeded him at Castle Carrock is
not known. This is to be regretted, because, if so, it is
almost certain that at the Restoration he suffered Ejection.
Christopher Gibson, 1660 — 1672.
In June, 1660, Christopher Gibson petitioned the House
of Lords for restoration to the living, from which he had
been " most illegally ejected and Thurst out," " these nyne
yeares last past " ; and his Petition, a copy of which is
here appended, was successful: —
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 968.
2. Ihid., 995.
3. Vide p. 255.
Castle Carrock 265
Cumberland.
To the right honorble the Lords in Parliament assembled
The humble peticon of Chrestopher Gibson CI. Viccar of the pish of
Castle Carrocke in the County of Cumbland.
Sheweth,
That yor petionr for these nyne yeares last past hath beene most
illegally ejected and Thurst out of his Viccarage of Castle Carrocke
in the County of Cumbland and from the exercise of his Ministerial!
duty there onely for his Loyalty and affection to his Maistey.
May it therefore please yor Lordpps to grant yor Order
for the secureing of the tythes gleabes and profitts thereof
into the handes of such persons as yor Lordpps shall
thinke fitt untill yor petionrs tytle to his viccarage shall
be determined by due Course of Law.
And yor petior shall dayly
pray &c.
CHEISTO : GIBSON.
1 Canne certifye the truth of this Petion and that the petr hath
beene minister there this twenty yeares last past and that he was
outed for his Loyalty to his Majestye.
THOMAS DACRE.
Sr. Tho. Dacre of Leonard Coast in Cumbland Knt.
[Inside at the bottom of the page as follows] : — : — Sr. Tho. Dacre
att White horse in Chancery Laine.
[On the outside] :— 23rd of June 1660. Mr. Cristo : Gibson Gierke
his peticon.
Expd.^
Christopher Gibson held the living until his death in
1672.
Henry Skarrow, M.A., 1672— 1679(?).
He was an Edinburgh graduate, and was ordained
Priest, Sept. 20, 1668, being instituted. May 18, 1672, on
a Presentation by the Dean and Chapter. The vacancy
had been caused by the death of Christopher Gibson.
Henry Skarrow was at Rocliffe in 1668.^
Christopher Rickerby, 1679 — ^1722.
He was ordained Deacon Sept. 21, 1673, and Priest
March 16, 1678-9, being then " de Cumrew." He was
1. House of Lords' Library :' vide H.M.C., Seventh Report, Pt. 1,
p. 106.
2. Vide p. 315.
266 . The Ejected of 1662
instituted Aug. 20, 1679, on a Presentation by Thomas
Smith, S.T.P., and possibly was related to Robert Rickerby
of Cockermouth. In 1672 he appears as Schoolmaster at
Lazonby and was on terms of closest intimacy with the
Nonconformists of that district. Among the poetic
effusions in praise of Mary Wilson, " the Virgin Saint '^
of Kirkoswald, bearing date 1672, is Christopher Rickerby's
contribution side by side with those of John Davis and
George Larkham ; and none is more highly eulogistic than
his.^ "Whether at the time of his residence at Lazonby
he served the Chapel at Armathwaite, as far as his Orders
permitted, is not certain; but he conducted a marriage
there,, on Feb. 3, 1675. At that time, however, he held
the Curacy of Cumrew. For some while he had Hayton
along with the Castle Carrock living. He bulks consider-
ably in the first volume of the Registers, which covers almost
exactly the period of his Incumbency at Castle Carrock.
The following are the items : —
July 20, 1678. Then was Maryed in St. Marijes Church of
Carlile Chrestopher Rickerby and Ann Marrijot 1678.
1683. Johannis filiiis Chrestopheri Rickerby Rector de Castle carrocke
Sepultus erat vicessimo octavo die Aprilis Anno prdicto.
Martha, also a daughter, was buried in Aug., 1684.
December ye 18, 1690.
Then was buried in ye Quire of Castlecarrocke the saide Ann the
wife of the saide Chrestopher Rickerby Rector of Castlecarrocke
under a great Stone on ye South Side of ye Chancell next ye wall.
Another entry gives Dec. 1st, and states that she " dyed
on Sunday being St. Andrews Day," and that she was
buried on the " Sun Side of ye Quire."
January ye 13, 1691.
Then was Marryed in the Collegiate Church of St. Catherine by
the Tower of London Chrestopher Rickerby Rector of Castlecarrocke
& Theadocea Sergison of the Citty of London.
Theadosia filia Johannis Brown
Bapt August 8 Anno 1638
et uxor Chrestopheri Rickerby. P. Bartholom.
Wormell
Rector Ibim.
1. Vide p. 341.
Castle Carrock 267
September ye 19, 1708.
Then Theadocea the wife of Chrestopher Rickerby departed this
life betwixt 11 & 12 at night being Sunday & was buryed on tuesday
ye 21 at 3 on ye afternoon under ye 2ond through Stone in the South
Side of the Chancell in Castle carracke.
1708 Chrestopher Rickerby & Hannah Perkin were Marryed in
the Parish Church of Kelloe in Bishoprick — by Mr. Thompson vicar
there August ye 17th 1708. 1
In an Inquisition at Penrith, Mar. 12, 1700, Christopher
Rickerby appears as defendant, in a dispute respecting the
" Rectory, parish, and parochial chapel of Cumrew, the
village of Brackanthwaite, the rectory and parish of Castle
Carrock and the wastes and commons adjoining &c. Miles
and bounds Tithes." ^
Christopher Rickerby 's burial entry is dated "April ye
14, 1722." His son, James Rickerby, was Yicar of Mor-
land in 1721.
Joseph Pattinson, 1722 — 1738.
1. Doubtless Christopher Rickerby the younger, Curate at Cumrew.
2 Exchequer Dep., East. 20 (Record Office).
I
III. CUMREW.
This place is a few miles south of Castle Carrock. The
Church is dedicated to St. Mary; and the oldest Register
Book made of paper, but bound in leather, begins in 1679.
Whellan, possibly by a misprint, says 1579, Bishop
Nicolson, in 1703, speaks of one dated 1639. " The
Register-Book," says he, " is onely of paper; and begins at
1639. It appears in it that a great many Children of
Foreigners were baptised here, in the time of the late
Civil Wars, by one Mr. Alexander Allan; who, they say,
was a Scot and reckon'd a more knowing and pretious
man (in his way) than most of his Brethren." ^ This book
long ago disappeared. The following is a list of persons
serving here : —
Alexander Allan, 1650 (.?).
This is given on the authority of the passage just quoted
and is possibly the person referred to under Cumwhitton.^
We have no information respecting him beyond that. In
the account of Nathaniel Burnand's Augmentation at
Castle Carrock, July, 1658, reference is made to the
ejection of the last Curate from Cumrew.^ Could this be
Alexander Allan? A person of this name was Curate of
Bewcastle in 1700, " a poor ejected Episcopalian of the
Scottish nation " ; but if the same he must have been very
old.*
John Bland, 1673.
In the Presentments for 1673 ^ a Mr. Bland is given as
Curate here. Doubtless this was John Bland who was
ordained Deacon Sept. 24, 1671, and Priest Sept. 21, 1673.
1.
Miscel.,
p. Ill
2.
Vide p.
271.
3.
Vide p.
264.
4.
Vide p.
295.
5.
Vide p.
1334.
Cumrew 269
Christopher Eickeeby, 1674 — 1678.
He signs the Transcripts as Curate during most of those
years; and was afterwards at Castle Carrock.
John Calvert, 1679—1690.
He was ordained Deacon March 15, 1684-5. The
Registers say that he " served the curacy from October,
1679, to July, 1690, and left ye church complete within &
without, and ye people in good order, good Xtians, Soli
deo gratia." He went from Cumrew to Rocliffe,^ and
appears at St. Cuthbert's, Carlisle, in 1678.^
Philip Musgrave, 1690 — 1691.
These are the dates against which his name appears
in the Registers in connection with " Briefs," and his-
license to the place as Deacon is dated Dec. 21, 1690.
John Atkinson, 1695.
John Wilkinson, 1696 — 1697.
He signs in connection with the distribution of the-
Church Stock during these years.
Thomas Addison, 1699—1703.
He signs as Curate in 1699, and concerning him Bishop
Nicolson, in 1703, says : — " I suspected the present Curate
(Mr. Addison) to be a Little Loose; but they say he's
Diligent, &c. His Salary is 81i paid by ye Proctour."^
Probably the person of that name who appears as Curate
of St. Cuthbert's, Carlisle, in 1728, and who is also referred
to under Grinsdale.*
Christopher Rickerby, 1705.
The son of his predecessor of that name. Bishop
Nicolson was evidently much impressed by him as the
following from his Diary shows : —
1705 June 1, Friday. After Dinner examin'd Mr. Railton from
Kirkby- Stephen for priest's Orders, & Mr. Smith (of Richmond) and
1. Vide p. 316.
2. Vide p. 186.
3. Miscel., p. 112.
4. Vide pp. 187, 222.
270 The Ejected of 1662
young Rickarby for Deacons. The last, bred onely at Bampton,
full as good a scholar as ye Cambridge Batchelour. l
In a subsequent entry in his Diary, however, he speaks
much less favourably of him : —
Mar. 19, 1706/7, Tuesday. Mr. Wells of Hesket, with several
of ye Inhabitants of Armthwait ; who all complain of ye Hardships
that are like to come upon them by the Change of their Curate,
young Rickarby (under the Influences of his father) being like to
prove as great a plague to ym as yir late Mr. Hodgson. 2
It would appear from this that he had charge of
Armathwaite as well as Cumrew. The Episcopal Register
says that he was licensed " Curate and Ludimagister at
Cumrew" June 4, 1705.
Tnos. Hunter, 1710—1724.
He was instituted Curate April 13, 1710.
1. Trans. (N.S.), vol. iii, p. 11,
2. Ibid., p. 45.
lY. CUMWHITTON.
About three miles south west of Castle Carrock is
Cumwhitton, the nearest station being How Mill. The
Church is dedicated to St. Jlary. The Eegisters begin in
1694; Whellan, ignorant of the existence of this book,
says 1731. This early volume is " bound in rough boards,
perhaps originally covered with calf, containing 64 leaves
of rough white paper." It is " imperfect," says Mr.
Whitehead, " especially in the marriage entries down to
1711, but nowhere illegible." ^ On a flyleaf are two
baptismal entries dated 1681, one in 1685, and a burial in
1694, the names doubtless being entered in the new book,
because of the importance of the families represented by
them. The following is an imperfect list of persons who
held the Curacy : —
Thomas Milburn, about 1624.
In Lord William Howard's " Household Books " is the
following : —
1624, Nov. 19. Payd to Sr Thomas Milburn, clarke, late Curate
of Cumwhitton for serving the cure thear since my Lord's entrance
to the same xxxs.^
He was at Crosby-on-Eden in 1627.^ Leonard Milburn
was at Castle Carrock during this time, and may have
been a connection.
Alexander Allan, 1629.
The " Household Books " have the following : —
To Mr. Alexander Allen for one quarter's wages for serving the
cure at Cumwhitton due at Christenmas 1629 xxxs. *
Possibly the person referred to under CumreAv. ^
1. Cumberland Parish Registers, Brampton Deanery.
2. P. 219.
3. Vide p. 200.
4. Household Books, p. 270.
5. Vide p. 268.
272 The Ejected of 1662
Richard Gibson, 1633.
The authority for this also are the " Household Books "
from which the following have been extracted : —
1633 Dec. 13. To Richard Gibson Viker of Cumwhitton for his
halfe yeare's wages for serving the cure ther due at St. Thomas*
Daye iijli. i
Adhuc Cumwhitton.
Dec. 13, 1633. Rec. of Rich Gibson Clerk for the halfe year's rent
of the demaine of Cumwhitton due at Martinmas 1633 iijli xs. 2
He is named in this volume until Feb., 1640-1.
Nathaniel Buenand, 1657.
Cumwhitton, like Cumrew, was simply a Chapelry of
Castle Carrock at this time,^ and possibly Burnand
occasionally supplied.
John Stanwix, 1681—1689.
In the Cumrew Registers appears an affidavit of a burial
in woollen dated July 3, 1681, which was written " coram
Johnne Stanwix Curate att Cumwhitton." He «igns the
Transcripts in 1689.
In an Inquisition at Plumpton Wall held Jan. 25, 1687,
in reference to the " rectory and parish of Cumwhitton
and a messuage or tenement in Holme wrangle (in plain-
tiffs possession) in the parish, Tithes," John Bird appears
as the plaintiff and " The Dean and Chapter of the
Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undevided Trinity of
Carlisle " * as the defendants.
William Sommers, 1697.
William Robley, 1703.
Bishop Nicolson is the authority for. the last two names.
Writing of Cumwhitton, in October, 1703, he says: —
Mr. Robley, their new Curate, is not yet resident amongst them ;
but will shortly come, and take the office of teaching out of this
1. Household Books, p. 339.
2. Ibid., p. 279.
3. Vide p. 263.
4. Ex. Dep. Hil., 8 (Rec. Office).
i
I
Cumwhitton 273
illiterate man's [Parish Clerk] hand. They want a Bible, and a
Book of Homilies ; the latter being very Requisite where they have
a Non-preaching Minister. — The Dean and Chapter were lately at
some Charge in provideing a House for the Curate ; which was new-
built for the Accommodation of Mr. Sommers ye late Curate here,
and he (modest and humble as long as onely Schoolmaster) quitted
them soon after he ,had gotten Deacon's Orders. Let not Robley
do ye like. '
Probably this is William Robley who married Margaret
IS'evinson Feb. 17, 1708-9, and was therefore connected
with Bishop Nicholson.
Nicholas Eeay, 1711 — 1718.
He married Elizabeth Morley May 31, 1713, and became
Rector of Nether Denton in 1718, holding along with
that living the Curacy of Farlam.^ He was instituted to
the Curacy of Cumwhitton Nov. 23, 1711. Mr. Whitehead
says he " deserves honourable mention as an exceptionally
careful registrar." ^
1. Miscel., p. 113. The Episcopal Register however gives the date of
his license to the Curacy as May 31, 1706.
2. Vide pp. 276, 277.
3. Cumberland Parish Registers, &c.
V. NETHER DENTON,
This place is some five miles nortii east of Brampton,
the nearest station being Low Row. The Church is
dedicated to St. Cuthbert, and the Registers begin in
1702. The first volume is of parchment and in good
condition. A few leaves at the beginning are clearly a
copy of earlier fragments which have perished, the copy
having been made by Nicholas Reay, formerly Curate
of Cumwhitton and Rector of Nether Denton. The book
is headed thus: —
The Register Book of the Parish of Denton wherein the Day of
every Chrestening Wedding & Burial in the Sd Parish is Registered
since the year of our Lord God 1702.
N.B. The Year of our Lord God still begineth on the 25th day of
March.
The following is a list of Incumbents : — J
Christopher Lowther, 1567 — 1576.
Possibly the person of that name who appears at
Kirkandrews-on-Eden in 1576.^
Miles Matmaugh [Watmaugh], 1576.
William Thompson, 1586.
He was collated April 27, 1586, by Bishop Meye, and
married Grace Dobson at Watermillock on Oct. 24, 1586. ^
Roland Baxter, 1597.
Ralph Snowden, 1620—1633.
He was collated on Sept. 16, 1620, by Bishop Snowden,
who died the year after, and was possibly a relative.
Ralph Snowden died in 1633.
1. Vide p. 216.
2. Watermillock Registers, p. 5.
I
Nether Denton 275
Nicholas Deane, B.A., 1633.
He was collated April 29, 1633, by Bishop Potter.
Doubtless the person of that name who was at Great Orton
in 1623.^ After Nicholas Deane is a large gap which it
has been found impossible to fill up.
William Culcheth, 1667 — 1692.
He was probably the son of Mr. Culcheth mentioned in
Lady Halketh's Autobiography as steward at Naworth
Castle in 1649. ^ The date 1667 is that of the earliest
Transcript of the Nether Denton Registers. It is signed
" W. Culcheth rector." How long he had held the living
previous to this we have no means of knowing. He had the
Stapleton living along with Nether Denton.^
Richard Culcheth, M.A., 1692 — 1703.
He was collated by Bishop Smith, March 17, 1692-3,
and was the son of William Culcheth, his predecessor.
He resigned in 1703, and was at Stapleton, Farlam and
Brampton. *
Thomas Pearson, M.A., D.D., 1703—1717.
He was collated Mar. 13, 1702-3, and is given as the
son of John Pearson of Orton formerly of Brigham.
Respecting him Foster says: — "Queen's Coll. matric.
24 Oct., 1687, aged 18; B.A. 1692, M.A. 12 March, 1695-6,
principal of St. Edmund Hall (9 Aug.) 1707-22, B.D. 1707,
D.D. 1708; rector of Nether Denton, Cumberland, 1703,
and of Sulhampstead Abbots, Berks., 1708; brother of
William." The latter became equally distinguished,
being M.A. of Queen's, and LL.D. of Lambeth.^ There
must, however, be some error in relation to Thomas
Pearson; for he was dead at least five years before 1722,
when he is said to have been Principal of St. Edmund
1. Vide p. 228.
2. Lord William Howard's Household Books, p. 297 note.
3. Vide p. 288.
4. Vide pp. 261, 277, 288.
5. Al. Ox.
276 The Ejected of 1662
Hall. The following entry in the Registers makes that
clear : —
1717 January 27 Mr Thos Pearson Eector of Denton, Buried.
Bishop Nicolson, writing May 7, 1703, speaks of him as
" Mr. Tho. Pearson newly collated to that little Rectory,"
and says that he " will do well enough : all they complain
of being onely his Reading too fast." ^ It is not quite the
language we should expect to be used of so distinguished
a scholar, and it would almost appear that Foster is wrong
in his identification.
Nicholas Reay, 1718 — 1736.
A notice of his burial in the Registers is thus given : —
Sept. 15, 1736, Mr. Nicholas Reay Rector of Denton — Buried.
He had previously been Curate of Cumwhitton.^
A few miles farther north is Over Denton, a reference to
whose peculiar position in the Diocese is given elsewhere.^
There was a Yicar here in 1634, for in Lord William
Howard's " Household Books " the fact is so stated ; and in
1640 a name is given : —
Jan. 20, 1640. To Richard Harrison, Viker of Over Denton for
his halfe yeares wages due at Michelmas 1640 xs.4
The living was held along with Nether Denton by Thomas
Pearson and Nicholas Reay; but, on the death of the
latter, in 1736, it was transferred to Thomas Fawcett,
Curate of Lanercost, whose successors served it until 1859,
when it was annexed to the new Parish of Gilsland.
1. Miscel., p. 3.
2. Vide pp. 273, 277.
3. Vide p. 71.
4. P. 363.
YI. FARLAM.
About three miles south east of Brampton is Farlam.
The Church is dedicated to St. Thomas-a-Becket ; the
Registers date back to, at least, 1663. The oldest is a
parchment volume, somewhat dilapidated, whose writing
is difficult to decipher. It is without covers and contains
baptisms 1665 — 1724, and marriages, 1672 — 1724. On the
first page, however, m.ay be seen the date 1663, but whether
it notes the entry of a baptism, marriage or burial cannot
be determined. A copy was made, in 1886, by Mrs.
Thompson of Farlam Hall. The following is only an
imperfect list of Incumbents : —
Henry Gill, 1674—1695.
Possibly son of Henry Gill of Threshfield, Yorkshire,
who entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, from
Sedbergh School, in 1672, at the age of 16 ; and graduated
B.A. in 1675.^ He signs the Transcripts in 1674. His
burial entry reads thus : —
Mr. Henry Gill, Curate, Buried June 25, 1695.
Thomas Milburn, 1700.
Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, refers to him as " an honest
man, and deserves a better Support." ^
Richard CuLCHETH, M.A., 1703. ^
Nicholas Reay, 1718 — 1736.
He was perpetual Curate of Farlam as well as Rector of
Nether Denton.*
1. Sedbergh School Register, p. 91.
2. Miscel., p. 4.
3. Vide pp. 261, 275, 288.
4. Vide p. 276.
VII. LANERCOST.
Lanercost is about three miles north of Brampton,
beautifully sequestered on the banks of the Irthing. The
Priory is a noble pile of ruins, and the Church, dedicated
to St, Mary Magdalene, is part of the venerable structure.
The Registers begin in 1684, the earliest being a thin, flat
volume of paper. The writing, however, is in good
condition and quite legible. In it appears the following :
A true Kegister of ye names of children Baptiz'd in Leonard
Coast pish 1684.
The Registers have been carefully transcribed by the
present Vicar, and were published in 1908. Bishop
Nicolson, in 1703, says: —
There's no Register-Book (either here or at Walton) of anything
done in the parish, before Mr. Dickenson's comeing among 'em ;
which was about Twenty years agoe. The Church of Lanercost was
also put into its present figure in his time.'
The Historians do not help in the matter of the In-
cumbents. The following is an imperfect list : —
Samuel Constantyne, 1666.
In this year he signs the Transcripts; but how long
he had held the living does not appear.
George Cowper, 1667.
He was ordained Deacon Sept. 20, 1668, and Priest
Sept. 25, 1670, being described as of " Chester Dioc.
He signs the Transcripts as " Curate " in that year.
William Birkett, 1668.
He was ordained Deacon Sept. 20, 1668, being given
as " de Lanercost," and Priest Sept. 24, 1671. He signs
the Transcripts in 1668.
1. Miscel., p. 57.
Lanercost 279
Thomas Bell, 1679.
On Sept. 28, 1661, he obtained a license to teach
"pueros," being then " literatus." According to Bishop
Nicolson's Diary he was licensed to Lanercost in 1679.
Almost certainly he is the person of that name who was
subsequently deprived of the Askham living as a Nonjuror.^
His brothers were George and David. The latter succeeded
him at Askham, and we meet with the former at Kirkam-
beck in 1703. ^ Bishop Nicolson has the following in his
Diary : —
Aug. 10, 1704. Geo. Bell and his brother David, likewise at
Dinner ; the latter desireing a Certificate in hopes of being better
preferr'd by his Br. Tom.^
William Dickexson, B.A., 1681—1726.
He was licensed Dec. 8, 1681, and held Walton along
with Lanercost. In the Walton Registers appear the two
following entries : —
1726. Mr. William Dickonson Curate of Leonard Coast & Walton
was Buried June 4th.
1724. Mrs. Chrisogon Dickonson wife of Mr. Will Dickonson
Curate was buried Novr. 27.
The following extracts from the Transcripts are worth
insertion, indicating, as they do, the presence of a
considerable amount of Nonconformist sentiment in the
district of one type or another. They are taken from a
copy in the Jackson Library, Carlisle, made by the late
Mr. Whitehead : —
The following presentments for not coming to Church : —
Geo EUote
John Ellote
John ffoster
Tho. Thompson
Arch. Little
Lane. Twilach
John Lamb.
Geo. Simpson.
Kich. Hetherington
John Taylor
Robt. Jameson
David Lamb
John Hudlasse.
1. Vide p. 1221.
2. Vide p. 281.
3. Trans. (N.S.), vol. ii, p. 202.
28o The Ejected of 1662
John EUote for baptizing his child by another Minister and not
acquainting their own minister with the same.
John Simpson for ye like offence
John ffoster for the same
John Hetherington and Mary Easson for Clandestine Marriage
John Railton for ye game
John Little & [blank] for the like offence
For not paying their dues [blank] Bell de Banks
Robt. Jameson
Armstrong de Highouse
Anne Bell of ye Kenthead house
John Simpson de Highrigg
Tho Carocks of Snowdon Close
John Elliot of ye Twedy hill
Wee p'sent will Richardson of the Ringon hills
Peter Sowdon of ye Bankes
John Tallantire of ye Holme (ffanatics) for refusing Communion
in the church of England.
There is unfortunately no date, but the Presentments
follow the Register for 1677.
Presentments Aug. 9, 1682.
1. Our Church is in good repair and decently kept as becomes ye
house dedicated to ye publick worship of God.
2. We have a large Bible of ye last translation and a Book of
Common Prayer last set forth.
3. Our Churchyard is sufficiently fenced and preserved from
annoyance.
4. The Curate is legally ordained and settled among us he rever-
ently and regularly officiates on the Lord's day and Holy days
instructing ye youth of ye parish in the Church Catechism and
carefully endeavours to reclaim all profane persons pressing the
duties of faith and repentance justice, charity temperance allegiance
and subjection. Lastly he is peacable of a sober conversation and
grave in his demeanour.
5. We have no adultery or fornication committed in ye parish.
6. We have none married clandestinely or without Bans duely
published or license duly obtained.
7. The churchwardens who serv'd for ye last year have made up
their accounts and made the presentments of all things duely pre-
sentable by them not neglecting to doe ye duty of this office.
In 1684-5 among other things they present : —
We have no dissenters but such as are already excommunicate
and denounced accordingly as ye Canons enjoyne.
Kirkambeck 281
Formerly there was a Clmrch at Kirkambeck near by, in
reference to which Bishop IN^icolson, in 1703, says: —
Here are some small Remains of a very little Church ; formerly
a Rectory, and afterwards appropriated to the Abbey of Lanercost.
The parishioners pay a Composition, of so many pecks of Corn from
each Tenement, to Mr. Dacre ; but the Gleab Land (worth about
3li 10s. p. An.) is held, under the Dean & Chapter of Carlile, by
Mr. Geo. Bell. The people suppose themselves to belong to the
parish of Lanercost ; but go most commonly to ye Church at Staple-
ton, when the weather is good and they are sure of meeting with
Divine Service.^
Seventy years later J^icolson and Burn say : —
The fabrick of the church hath long been in ruins, nothing
remaining of it but part of the old walls. No curate is appointed
to take care of the parochial duties. For the rites of baptism and
sepulture, the people commonly repair to the church of Lanercost ;
and for their instruction in religion, they -go thither, or to Stapleton,
or Bewcastle, or where they think fit. 2
1. Miscel., p. 53.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 506.
I
VIII. WALTON.
This is about two miles north, east of Lanercost. The
Church is dedicated to St. Mary ; and the Registers begin
in the same year as the Lanercost Registers, 1684. The
late Mr. Whitehead says : —
Both of these registers, be it noticed, begin at 1684 ; and the
Walton register, like the Lanercost, is manifestly a copy down to
1711. On its cover is a note stating that "this book was bought
March ye 15th 1711;" and doubtless the Lanercost book was bought
at the same time. In 1684-5 the Lanercost churchwardens reported
"A register book of parchment in which are set down the names of
all persons baptized, married, and buried." In like manner the
Walton Churchwardens in 1683-0 report "A register book of parch-
ment wherein we have sett down the names of all persons baptized
maryed and buryed with a transcript thereof caryed every year into
the Bishop's Register." I have now to suggest that whatever register
book was used at Walton or Lanercost before Mr. Dickenson's time,
and for some years after his coming, was common to the two
parishes. The Lanercost transcript for 1668-9 is headed "A true note
of all ye persons baptized married and buried within ye parish of
Leonnardcost and Walton from September ye 12 ('68) till May ye
6 (69) " ; for 1682-3 "A true note of the Register book of Abbey &
Walton " ; and for 1686-7 "A note of the Register Booke of Walton
p'ish and Leonardcost." It is true that in 1682-3 and 1686-7 the
entries from the two parishes are not mixed as in 1668-9, and that
in other years there is no such heading as is above noticed. But
the p. curate may usually have sorted the entries for the transcripts,
while occasionally giving in the heading an incidental sign that there
was only one register book. This arrangement, I suppose, was at
last found to be inconvenient and two new books were procured in
1711, into which the entries from 1684 to 1711, properly sorted, were
forthwith copied.'
Still it needs to be stated that there are separate
Transcripts, which begin in 1666, though in the earlier
years the entries are much mixed. The two livings appear
to have been held in Plurality, at least, from 1666, and
under Lanercost will be found particulars of the In-
cumbents.2
1. Cvmiberland Parish Registers, &c.
2. Vide p. 278.
I
IX. IRTHIj^GTON.
Irthington is a little to the north west of Brampton.
The Church is dedicated to St. Kentigern. The Registers
begin in 1704; but a few interpolated entries bear datea
1691 and 1692. The following is a list of Incumbents: —
Egbert Dobsox, 1585 — 1589.
Foster sajs of a person of this name : — "Of Cumberland,
pleb. Queen's Coll. matric. 1582, aged 23 ; B.A. from
St. Edmund Hall 4 May, 1583." i In all probability
this was the Irthington Rector.
Leonard Scott, 1589 — 1597.
Foster names a Leonard Scott among his Oxford Alumni,
who was the son of Bernard Scott, Yicar of Bampton,
and matriculated Queen's College, 1634, at the age of 20.^
A person of this name appears at Castle Sowerby in 1585,
and Skelton in 1598.^ According to Xicolson and Burn
he died in 1597. *
Joseph Lowden, M.A., 1597 — 1612.
He was at Kirkbampton in 1598,^ holding that living-
probably in Plurality with the Irthington one. He died
in 1612.
Richard Lowden, M.A., 1612.
He was instituted July 12, 1612, and was possibly
the son of his predecessor. How long he remained is not
known.
Anthony Salkeld, 1630-1642. .
He was collated by Bishop Potter Jan. 19, 1630; and
resigned in 1642.
1. AI. Ox.
2. Ihid.
3. Vide pp. 479, 492.
4. Nicol^on and Burn, vol. ii, p. 486.
5. Vide p. 606.
284 The Ejected of 1662
Richard Sibson, B.A., 1642.
Instituted by " Isaac Singleton and John Hasty, masters
of arts, Commissioners of Arclibishop Uslier," on a
Presentation by Sir Tbomas Dacre, Knight, in 1642.^ A
person of this name appears at Troutbeck in 1656.^
John Theakstoa', B.A., 1661—1666.
He was instituted Oct. 8, 1661, and held the living of
Crosby-on-Eden at the same time.^ The Institution Books
give the name of the place as " Erdington."
Philip Fielding, M.A., 1666—1692.
He was instituted Sept. 16, 1666, on a Presentation by
Thomas Dacre, Mil.*
John Gosling, 1692 — 1731.
He was ordained Deacon Dec. 21, 1684, and instituted
to Irthington on Sept. 12, 1692, on the Presentation of
" Henr. Dacre Ar." He held the living until his death in
1731. Bishop Nicolson, writing in 1703, is especially
severe in his strictures upon him : —
The Vicarage-House lyes in most Scandalous Ruines. It fell in
the time of ye present Vicar, Mr. Goslin; who is the wretched and
beggarly father of ten poor Children, Seven whereof are with him.
One girl he has at Service; one a Boy 'prentice to a Glover at
Brampton, and another to a Black-Smith. He has a Gleab worth
71i and ownes the whole Liveing to be better than 251i P. Ann. 5
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 486.
2. Vide p. 1048.
3. Vide p. 205.
4. Vide pp. 205, 260.
5. Miscel., p. 52; vide also his Diary for a reference to his intem-
perance (Trans. (N-S.), vol. iv, p. 4).
X. HAYTON.
This village is about three miles south east of
Brampton, the nearest station being How Mill, a mile
and a half away. The Church is dedicated to St. Mary.
The Registers here are the most dilapidated of any I
have seen. They consist of mere fragments of paper
ranging over about a hundred years. All the pages are
more or less worn, some beyond all recognition. The
following, however, states what has been done with a view
to their preservation : —
This old Register dating back to 1619, which was in a condition
all but impossible to be improved has been restored in a wonderful
manner by Mr. Thomas Walters of Newcastle-on-Tyne. I have since
gone over the Copies of the Hayton Transcripts in the Diocesan
Registry, Carlisle, dating from 1665 with the result that we have now
the most perfect record of Baptisms, Marriages and Burials which
it is possible to obtain.
I am pleased to have had the privilege of bringing about such a
result both in the Restoration and the record. It is my last
parochial Effort after an Eventful period.
Hayton Vicarage, J. Wallace, M.A.
May 3, 1893.
On another page is the following : —
The additions made by me have been written on the new paper
in order not to interfere with the Originals.
J. W.
The plan adopted is to place each fragment in the centre
of a page of the book fitted to receive it, to which it is
fastened with transparent paper, the whole being bound
into a good, strong volume. It is ingeniously done, and,
though the word " restore," is perhaps not the appropriate
one to use in relation to it, the precious fragments are now
likely to be preserved for many years to come. Unfortunately
in the case of much of it the writing has become quite
286 The Ejected of 1662
indecipherable. The early dates cannot be distinguished ;
but the one above given is approximately correct. The
Histories have not a sentence about any Incumbent
belonging to the period with which we are concerned.
The following is the best available list : —
Christopher Knight, 1627.
This name is put forth doubtfully, because the read-
ing in the Registers is by no means clear as to the
first part of it. It appears to be as follows : — "
Chrestopher ( ?) Knight Cler. baptizatus September, 1627."
Lord Howard's " Household Books " contain the following,
but they do little to illuminate the darkness in reference
-to the Knight family. They merely show that they were
a family of considerable importance : —
Hayton Dec. 17, 1633. Rec. of Chrestopher Knight for the
half years rent of a tenement ther late Thompson's xxxs, '
June 12, 1634. Rec. of Chrestopher Knight, scone of Chrestopher
late deceased and Bailiffe ther as parcell of the issues of his office,
due at Pentecost 1634 vijli xvij s. October 4. Rec. of Widdow Knight
for the halfe yeare's rent of one tenement ther late Thompson's
xxxs. '
Thomas Knight, 1641—1677.
He was ordained Priest Dec. 14, 1623. The following
entries respecting Thomas Knight, the Incumbent, appear
in the Registers : —
Chrestoferus filius Thomas Knight, r [Vicar or Cler.] de
Hayton baptizatus fuit die Novembr 1641.
Maria filia Thomas Knight de Hayton Cler. Sepulta fuit xi die
May 1641. filia Thomas Knight Cler. die Novembr 1644.
Isabell the daughter of Thomas Knight Minister buried the 5th
dale of October 1646.
Margarett the wife of Thomas Knight of Hayton Minister buried
the 20th dale of June 1647.
Thomas Knight is mentioned as " Minister " in June,
1666 ; he is referred to as " Curate " in 1672, and up to
1677. Whether this is the same person throughout has
1. P. 278.
2. Ibid.
I
Hay ton 287
not been ascertained ; but, if so, there would appear to
have been a continuous ministry, through all the changes
of the Commonwealth and Restoration. The late Mr.
Whitehead says : —
This register, alone of the registers in Brampton deanery, is
extant from a time earlier than the Restoration ; but, unlike most of
the pre-Restoration registers, it does not contain a single trace of the
changes in registration ordered by the Barebones Parliament. Nor
can any indication be detected in its pages of disturbance arising
from the Civil Wars and Commonwealth. It pursues the even tenor
of its way just as if no such events had occurred. '
It is well not to be too dogmatic in these matters in
the absence of positive evidence. The area was a very
disturbed one; and if Thomas Knight exercised a con-
tinuoiis ministry, as previously suggested, it was doubtless
because he somewhat adjusted himself to the changes of
the times.
George Hodgson, 1680.
lie was subsequently at Ainstable.^
Cheistopher B/ICkerby, 1681 — 1717.
His name appears as Curate in these dates and he was
licensed as such April 16, 1681. He held the Castle
Carrock living as well.^
Among the marriage entries occur the following, which
unfortunately are seriously mutilated. The Minister
named was undoubtedly Nathaniel Burnand, then at
Castle Carrock : —
Thomas Graine of Hayton
Knight of the same
of Februarie 1657
Burnam Minister of-
Richard Milborne of-
Ellis Skellicke of Tal [Talkin]
married the same daie
by the sd Minister.
1. Cumberland Registers, &c.
2. Vide p. 404.
3. Vide p. 265.
XI. STAPLETON.
ALont eight miles north of Brampton and midway
between Bewcastle and Kirklinton is Stapleton. The
Church is dedicated to St. Mary and the Registers begin
in 1745, the older ones having disappeared. The following
is a list of Incumbents : —
HexVry Hudson, 1603—1606.
He was instituted Oct. 7, 1603. The Hudsons of
Cumberland and Westmorland sent many into the
ministry of the Church, and Foster has a large list in
his Oxford Alumni; but no Henry appears among them.
There was, however, a person of that name at Brampton
in 1600 and Brigham in 1617.^
Gawin Blayth, 1606.
This is a new name, Nicolson and Burn leaping over
eighty years after naming Henry Hudson. He was
instituted Oct. 22, I6O6.2
William Culcheth, 1669 — 1683.
The Transcripts supply the first date, though he had
probably held the living for some time previously. He
had Nether Denton as well, and resigned in 1683 in favour
of his son.^
Richard Culcheth, M.A., 1683—1714.*
He was instituted May 26, 1687. Bishop Nicolson,
writing of the place and the " Parson," in 1703, does not
spare either. He says : —
The parishioners follow the Example of their Parson ; and have
the Body of the Church in as nasty a pickle as the Quire. The Eoof
is so miserably Shatter'd and broken, that it cannot be safe sitting
1. Vide pp. 250, 747.
2. Institution Books (Record OfiBce).
3. Vide p. 275.
4. Vide pp. 261, 275, 277.
Stapleton 289
under it (considering upon what an Ascent the Church stands) in
stormy weather. Not one pane of Glass in any of the Windows ; no
Reading-Desk ; nor did they ever hear that they had a Bell. The
Font is abominable, the Seats most scurvily low, (and in a word)
everything very wretched. They hapned to bring a Corpse to be
buryed (according to the custom of the place) without any Service,
whilst we were there. I desired Mr. Benson, my Chaplain, to
Officiate : But he could find onely some few Scraps of a Common-
prayerbook, and an insufferably torn Bible of the old Translation.
There was no Surplice to be found ; nor did ever any such thing (as
far as any present could remember) belong to this Church. One of
'em told us that sometimes, on an Easter-day, the Parson had
brought a Surplice with him ; had Administer'd ye Sacrament in it :
But even that Ordinance (amongst the rest) was most commonly
celebrated without one. The present Rector (Mr. Culcheth) is Mr. of
Arts ; and has alwaies been represented to me as one of a good
Conversation. His Father & he have many years kept this Liveing ;
and are answerable for all its Deficiencyes. ^
James Jackson, B.A., 1714—1771.
Foster gives the following : — " Son of John of
Cockbridge, Cumberland, pp. Queen's Coll. matric. 10
March, 1706-7, aged 17; rector of Scaleby and of
Stapleton, (both Cumberland) 1714." 2 He held the living
until his death in 1771.
1. Miscel., p. 55.
2. Al. Ox.
XII. SCALEBT.
Scaleby is about six miles north east of Carlisle, Scaleby
Castle, long the residence of the Gilpin family, being the
centre of the district. The Church is dedicated to All Saints.
The Registers begin in 1724. This early volume, which
is of parchment, was given, along with an engraved, silver
gilt chalice, by William Gilpin of Scaleby Castle, son of
Dr. Gilpin, and singularly enough his is the first burial
entry which it contains.^ The following is the list of In-
cumbents : —
Christopher Witton, 1587 .
He was instituted June 18th, 1587, and was previously
at Cliburn.2
Thomas Kirkby.
No information whatever.
Thomas Sibson, 1605.
This is a new name. He was instituted April 18, 1605.
Thomas Wilson, 1641.
A person of lihis name, " literatus," was ordained
Deacon Dec. 22, 1622, being given as of " Cest Dio."
Foster says : — "Of co. Durham, pleb. Queen's Coll. matric.
17 Nov. 1581, aged 18, B.A. 7 Feb. 1583-4, M.A. 7 July,
1586 ; perhaps rector of Scaleby, Cumberland, 1600." ^
The latter date must be incorrect. He died in 1641.
There was a Thomas Wilson at Crosby-on-Eden in 1585.*
William Green, M.A., 1642.
He was collated May 21, 1642, and at the same time com-
pounded for his First Fruits. Foster gives a number of
1. Trans. (N. S.), vol. viii, p. 378.
2. Vide p. 1242.
3. Al. Ox.
4. Vide p. 200.
Scaleby 291
persons of this name in his Oxford Alumni; but he does
not identify the Scaleby Rector. A person of this name
was at Bootle in 1647.^
Robert Priestman, 1662 — 1679.
He was collated on Feb. 4, 1662, by Bishop Sterne, and
signs the Transcripts in 1671 as " Robert Priestman
Minister ibm." Under Kirklinton fuller information
about him appears.^
Nathaniel Bowey, 1680 .
He was collated by Bishop Rainbow Aug. 26, 1680.^
James Jackson, B.A., 1713 — 1723.
He held Stapleton some part of this time also.'*
The following Presentments were made in 1694 : —
1694. There are dissenters called Quakers in our pish that have
not subscribed ye declaration of fidelity to their Majesties nor to our
knowledge have pformed the oathes, things required in ye Said
Articles viz.
John pearson
Tho : Bulman
James Blacklocke
Tho : Gibson
John Scot
Tho. Scot
Edward Tweddle
Tho : Scot. 6
1. Vide p. 860.
2. Vide p. 309.
3. Vide p. 206.
4. Vide p. 289.
5. Scaleby Transcripts
XIII. BEWCASTLE.
This is the most northern Parish with which we are
concerned, being some ten miles north of Brampton, and
close to the range of hills which divides Cumberland from
Northumberland. The Church is dedicated to St. Cuth-
bert, and the Registers begin in 1737. " The Incumbents
of this church," write Nicolson and Burn, " living obscure
in this remote part of the diocese have nothing memorable
recorded of them." ^ It is curious that this place should
be singled out for a comment of that kind, because its
isolated character preeminently fits it to be the centre of
much romance; and, while most of the others were more
than average men, with at least one name, William
Patrick, tradition has linked some very " memorable "
adventures.
The following is the list : —
William Lawson, 1580.
Foster gives several of this name as Alumni of Oxford,
but he identifies none with the Bewcastle Incumbent. A
person of this name was at Wigton in 1592, and at
Hutton-in-the-Forest in 1612. ^
Charles Forebench, M.A., 1623.
He was instituted on the 25th of April, 1623, on a
Presentation by the King. A person of this name under
Henny Magna, Essex, appears among the 1660 Petitioners
to the House of Lords. ^
William Patrick, 1632.
This name is not given by "Nicolson and Burn. He is
described as " a notorious freebooter," who had John
Nelson as his Curate.
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 478.
2. Vide pp. 520, 486.
3. H. M. C. Seventh Report, Part I, p. 106.
I
Bewcastle 293
Henry Sirson, D.D., 1644.
He appears in that year among the contributors to the
Carlisle garrison.^
Egbert Lowther, B.C.L., 1663—1670.
He was instituted May 29, 1663, on a Presentation by
the Dean and Chapter. Foster has the following respect-
ing him : " B.C.L. from Jesus College 11 Oct. 1631 (S. of
William of Ingleton, Yorks), rector of Ingleton, and of
Bentham, Yorks, 1660, sequestered; rector of Bewcastle,
Cumberland, 1663 ; chancellor of Carlisle 1666 ; brother of
Lancelot 1624." ^ It would have been well if the auth-
ority for the statement of his Sequestration had been
given. Walker does not name him in his list, and 1660
is a late date for a " Sequestration." It also appears from
the following that his appointment to Bewcastle was
anterior to the date supplied by the Institution Books
unless we are to assume a second Institution.
Mr.
Lowther.
Dispensacon to Mr. Robert Lowther of Carlesley to hold Bentham
in Com. Ebor. & Diocess Cestriens wth Bewcastle Com Camb [Cumbr]
& Diocess of Carlesle both Rectorys 17 Feby 1661-2. 3
He compounded for his First Fruits at Bentham in 1660.
The Registers of St. Mary's Church, Carlisle, give the
following : —
1665 Abbeygate Eliz. ye daughter of Robert Lowther Chancel, ye
last dale [April].
Burial Hen. ye Sonne of Mr. Robert Lowther ye 5th daie
[January] 1661-2.
1665 Rebecca Lowther wife of Robt Chanclr ye 5 Decembr.
buried.
1670 Abbeyg. Mr. Robert Lowther Buried ye 8 daie November.
1. Vide p. 134.
2. Al. Ox.
3. S. P. Dom. Entry Book, 1661-1662, Eccleeiastical Benefices.
(Record Office.)
294 I'h® Ejected of 1662
The following also occurs, though whether he was any
relation is not known : —
1671 October Mr. Richard Lowther a stranger buried ye 7th.
In 1667 John Roper served as Curate.
Ambrose Myers, M.A., 1671—1673.
He was instituted July 8, 1671, on a Presentation by
the Dean and Chapter. Foster says : " S. Briscoe of
Staindrop, co. Durham, deceased, sizar St. John's Coll, 28
May 1662 aged 16 ; B.A. 1665-6, M.A. 1669 ; incorporated
11 July 1676, rector of Bewcastle, Cumberland."^ He
died in 1673.
George Usher, B.D., 1673.
He was instituted June 11, 1673, being also Rector of
Arthuret. ^ In an Inquisition taken at Longtown, April
19, 1679, he appears as plaintiff in a dispute, with Henry
Foster as defendant, respecting the " Rectory and parish
of Bewcastle Grounds called ' Kirsop ' and Blackleven,
and the parish of Kirkanders, miles and bounds, Tithes."*
In 1686 William Frazer was serving him as Curate. Frazer
was M.A. of Aberdeen and ordained Priest March 15,
1684-5.
James Lamb, M.A., 1689—1698/9.
He received Institution July 26, 1689, on a Presentation
from the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle ; and for some time
held the Lectureship at Carlisle. He resigned March 23,
1698/9, and was subsequently at Appleby.*
Jeffrey Wybtjrgh, LL.B., 1699.
He was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, and
was instituted July 14, 1699, on the same Presentation.
He held the living for a few months only, being subse-
1. Al. Ox.
2. Vide p. 305.
3. Excheq. Dep. East. 11. (Rec. Off.)
4. Vide pp. 184, 1136.
Bewcastle 295
quently at Lamplugh and Caldbeck. ^ Foster says : " S.
of G. ( ? Galfridus) of Innerdale, Cumberland pp. Queen's
Coll. matric. 3 Nov. 1688, aged 17; rector of Bewcastle
1699, of Lamplugh 1700 and of Caldbeck (all) Cumberland
1701." 2
There are numerous references to him in Bishop
Nieolson's Diaries, from which it appears that he was in
the habit of contracting serious debts. He was in prison
for such in 1708 and in 1712 is described as " in a poor
state," out of prison but not out of debt. ^ The Cocker-
mouth Registers give the baptism of " Thomas Son of Mr.
Jeffrey Wibergh " on " ye 7th 1674." Of course this is
not the same person,
Edwaed Tonge, M.A., 1700—1713.
He was instituted January 3, 1700/1, on the same Pre-
sentation. Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, says: —
The Parsonage- House is lately rebuilt by Mr. Tong ; who has
made it a pretty convenient Dwelling. Into this, Mr. Allen (the
Curate, who also assists Mr. Culcheth at Stapleton) is now remove-
ing his family. The Man's a poor ejected Episcopalian of the
Scottish Nation. The Men of Beaucastle would be well content with
him, if they had him wholly (as in Justice they ought) to them-
selves. 4
Matthew Soulby, 1713—1737.
He was previously at Greystoke and Watermillock. He
died September 28, 1737. ^
It will be noticed that there is a considerable gap about
the time of the Restoration, which we have no means of
removing.
The following Presentments were made in 1667 and
1686 respectively : —
Bewcastle ye 28 of June 1667.
We present John Armestrong of Cleughside and Jane Armestrong
for committing of ffornication. Wee present Jeffrey Bowerbye and
1. Vide pp. 553, 776.
2. Al. Ox.
3. Trans. (N. S.), vols, i— v.
4. Miscel., p. 57 : for Allen or Allan vide pp. 268, 271.
5. Vide p. 512.
296 The Ejected of 1662
Jennett Ffoster for ye like. Wee present Adam Eoutledge of ye
Cragge and Elizabeth Ffoster of thys pish for ye like. We present
Annie Nixon for bearing a child to Archibald ye supposed ffather.
John Roper, Curate.
William Croser, Churchwarden.
1686. The presentments of the Parish of Bewcastle Imprimis the
dissenters from the Church are those following
Adam Hogg of the Crew
John Armstrong of the Flatt
Thomas Routledge of the Low Toddhills, Quaker
James Routledge of Nixonstown Quaker
Thomas Nixon, Quaker
Rowland Ffoster of Low Grange
Signed William Frazer, Curate.^
1. Trans. (N.S.), vol. ii, p. 242. St. Cuthbert's Church, Bewcastle.
by J. F. Curwen, F.R.I.B.A. A very useful article.
r
XIV. KIEKANDEEWS-ON-ESK.
This place is a few miles north of Longtown, near the
Scottish border. The nearest station is Scotch Dyke. The
Church is dedicated to St. Andrew; and the earliest
Register Book is a small, square volume of paper, in good
condition, except that the edges are a little frayed away.
The writing is beautiful, and the book begins with
" Weddings," under date Sep. 28, 1654 : burials begin
with Aug. 14, 1654. There is, however, an unfortunate
break from 1658 to 1683, and it is clear that a number of
pages have gone. A feature of the Registers is the record
of births instead of baptisms in the first few pages. The
following is a list of Incumbents : —
Charles Usher, M.A., 1637—1650.
He was the first Rector, the Parish having been newly
created, though a Church had been in existence for some
years previously. His Institution was on Aug. 28, 163T,
on a Presentation by " Richard Graham Mil. et Baronet."
Dr. Todd says that Charles Usher was a relation of the
patron. He was a contributor to the besieged garrison in
Carlisle, in 1644, to the extent of £3 Os. Od.,^ and was
sequestered by the Cromwellian Commissioners. He is
said to have been out of his living about ten years ; if that
is correct the Sequestration would be about 1650.
Thomas Courtxey, 1650—1660 ( ?).
Both Calamy and Palmer give this as the name of the
person who was ejected from Kirkandrews. It is unfor-
tunate that the statement leaves us in doubt as to the exact
place, being in Calamy merely : " Kirkanders : Mr. Tho.
1. Vide p. 134.
298 The Ejected of 1662
Courtney." ^ Palmer in no way improves upon this, the
only change being that he inserts '" h " into the place
name, and gives us " Kirkhanders." ^ The evidence,
however, such as it is, points to Kirkandrews-on-Esk and
not Kirkandrews-on-Eden. We have no information
about Thomas Courtney beyond the fact that he preached
at Carlisle during the " vacancy " of Ministers there.^
Foster gives quite a number of " Courtneys " or " Court-
enays " among his Oxford Alumni, all from Cornwall and
Devon ; and it may be that Thomas Courtney was a native
of those parts, and that after his Ejection he went thither.
Certainly he disappears from this district. Edward
Wiltshire, referring to these matters, says that after the
Sequestration of Charles Usher, " then an Incumbent
distinct from ye Rector of Arthuret was put into ye Living
of Kirkandrews-upon-Eske, Who enjoy'd ye sd Living
and its profits till Mr. Usher was restored." *
Charles Usher, M.A., 1660—1681/2
In June, 1660, immediately after the Restoration, like
many others, Charles Usher petitioned the House of Lords
for restoration to his living. The following is a copy of
his Petition : —
To ye Eight Honble ye Lords in
Parliament Assembled.
The Humble Petition of Charles
Usher Clerk, of Kyrk-Andrews
in ye County of Cumberland.
Sheweth,
That ye Rectory of Kyrk-Andrews Aforesayd was divers years
since Sequestred from yor Petnr by ye Powers then in being for his
affection to ye Late King of blessed Memory.
Your Petnr humbly prayeth yt a fifth part of ye Profits of ye
Rectory aboue sayd wth ye Arrears thereof be forthwith payd unto
yor Petnr & ye Rents, issues & profits of ye sayd Rectory secured in
1. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 159.
2. Noncon. Mem., vol. i, p. 388.
3. Vide p. 154 and note 2.
4. The Registers and Account Books of Kirkandrews-upon-Esk, by
Chancellor Ferguson, p. 293.
Kirkandrews-on-Esk 299
ye hands of some reasonable men untill ye Parliamnt take farther
order therein, or yor Petnr restored thereunto by due course of Law.
& yor Petnr shall pray
Charles Usher.
23 Junii 1660.
Charles Usher Cler. Expd.i
No Certificates appear upon this document. Tlie Peti-
tion was successful. Charles Usher signs the Registers in
1668; and he held the living until his death. The
following is the record of his burial : —
Mr. Charles Usher the first Rector since ye Church was rebuilt
of the Parish Church of Kirkanders deceased the eleventh day of
January & was buried in his own Parish Church the sixteenth day
following 1681-2.
William Graham, M.A., D.D., 1682—1685.
Foster says : " S. of George of Netherby, Cumberland,
bart. Christ Church matric. 3 July 1674, aged 18; B.A.
1678, M.A. 11. March 1680-1, D.D. (by diploma) 14 June
1686; licensed (Y.G.) 26 Sept 1688 to marry Mary Offaly,
of the Strand, Middlesex, spinster ; prebendary of Durham
1684, and rector of Kirkandrews-on-Esk, 1682, of Whick-
ham, Cumberland [must be a mistake for Durham] 1685-
1713, chaplain in Ordinary to Princess Anne of Denmark,
dean of Carlisle, and of Wells 1704, until his death 4 Feb.
1712-13 ; buried at Kensington." ^ if all the statements
above given are correct he must have been a Pluralist.
His Institution to Kirkandrews is thus noticed in the
Registers : —
Mr. William Graham, the Second Rector of the Parish of Kirk-
anders was instituted into this Church ye 6th day of Aprill 1682 by
Mr. George Usher rector of Arthuret.
The date given in the Institution Books is March 27,
1682; and the patron " Comes Preston," &c.
1. House of Lords' Library. H. M. C, Seventh Report, Parti, p. 108.
2. Al. Ox.
300 The Ejected of 1662
Edward Wiltshire, M.A., 1685—1730.
He was instituted Nov, 20, 1685, on the same Presenta-
tion. In the Registers appears the following: —
Memorandum that Mr. Edward Wiltshire Mr. of Arts was Inducted
into this Rectory of Kirkanders together wth the Rights and Appur-
tenances thereunto belonging upon the Thirtyeth day of January 1685
And pformed all what the Law requires after Such Induction upon
Sunday the 31st of the said Instant being ye next day after.
J. Todd.
The following also supplies us with some further
information about him : —
I Edward Wiltshire came down wth my family out of Lincoln-
shire to Kirkandrews-upon-Eske June 10th 1686, And found ye parish
Church in such a Ruinous condition that had it staid a yeare longer it
would have fallen I got it Repair'd into ye condition it is now in, at a
small expense to my parishioners, The Repairing of ye Church has
not cost them one yeare wth another twenty shillings a yeare. The
parish Repairs ye porch, church and Vestry, But I as Rector do
Repaire ye Chancel at my own proper Cost. The parish Repairs ye
church yard gates and fence. The Lady Dowager Preston gave a
pulpit cloth, a pulpit cushion. And a comon prayer book to my
church, And five pounds towards the flagging of the church, The
Lord Preston Repairs his own seat.
Witness my hand
Edw. W'iltshire, Rector,*
The baptism is thus recorded of : —
Isabell daughr of Edw. Wiltshire Cler. & Anne his wife bap. Oct.
7. 1690.
In the Brampton Registers is the following : ■
1692. Mr. Edward Wiltshire Rector of Kirkandrs upon Eske and
Judith ffeilding of ye parish of Brampton were married Sep. 29.
Probably she was the widow of Philip Fielding, Ticar
of Brampton, who had died in the June previous. In the
Kirkandrews Churchyard is a tombstone thus inscribed : —
Judith, second wife of Edward Wiltshire Rector of this Church
who departed this life on Thursday the third of January in the sixty
ninth year of her age Anno Domini 1716-17.
1. The Registers of Kirkandrews, &c., p. 299.
Kirkandrews-on-Esk 301
There is no record of Edward Wiltshire's own burial in
the Registers, but he died in 1730.
It was during his Incumbency that Dr. Todd, Rector of
Arthuret, put forth a claim to the tithes of the Parish of
Kirkandrews, as well as those of Arthuret, on the ground
that the former had not been legally divided from it.
Edward Wiltshire undertook to answer this claim, and he
did so with considerable ability and skill. The docu-
ments on both sides were printed by the late Chancellor
Ferguson in the paper referred to in this account several
times. ^ Edward Wiltshire was one of few men in his
Diocese for whom Bishop Nicolson had words of unrestrained
praise. 2 He appears to have been on somewhat intimate
terms with the Bishop, who has the following curious entry
in his Diary respecting him : " Oct. 3. Tuesday [1704] Mr.
Wiltshire hill of ye Running dry of Liddel, a forerunner
of ye death of all or [our] last Kings.^
In the possession of the present Rector is a fine old oak
chest, which almost certainly was formerly the property
of Richard Baxter, the distinguished divine. The carving
is rough, and a small door in front, near the top, has upon
it the following : —
X God X
is
X Love. X
Richard Baxter was born at Eaton Constantine, Salop,
^on a small farm, whose effects had not been disturbed
tsiDce the days of the Stuarts; and this chest was part of
the furniture.
1. The Kegisters of Kirkandrews, &c.
2. Mi.scel., pp. 141, 212.
3. Trans. (N. S.), vol. ii, 209.
XY. ARTHURET.
The Church of this name is about a mile from Longtown,
and is dedicated to St. Michael and All Angels. There
are no Registers here earlier than the 18th Century, the
older ones having perished. There is, however, a well
bound volume by Dr. Todd, which contains much inter-
esting information and is thus described by its author : — •
Liber Rationum Ecclesiae Parochialis de Arthuret infra Dioeceseon
Carleolensem et Comitatum Cumbriae Ano Domini M.DCXCIX
Rectore D.D. Hugone Todd, S.T.P. Ecclesiae CoUegialis et
Cathedralis Carliol Canonico.
The following extracts are taken from it : —
Novr 10.
Martinmas
Eve.
A.D. 1687 in the Night There hapened a very high Flood wch
endangered the whole Holm. The Wind blew hard from West N.W.
with a high Spring Tide. There had been little or no Rain ; and the
Rivers of Esk and Line' were not mov'd. It did great Damage at ye
Burnfoot, Lardstow Stew House & Stagmyre And at ye Broad-brest
were drowned one woman and her 4 children ; & one other boy.
Arthurett or Arthuredd or Arthur-hured, has its Mame from the
famous King Arthur ; King of the Ancient Britons ; in whose Time
there was a Battle fought here (probably) on the Moor Called by that
Name. In Latin — a — . [Not given.] There is no Place particularly
called Arthuret ; but the Parsonage and Church ; wch give Denomina-
tion to the whole parish. The Church is Dedicated to St. Michael ;
stands on an Eminence, as most Churches doe : that are dedicated to
That Saint. It was Anciently in a very poor Condition : of a narrow
building and covered with Heather or Ling : It & the Parish having
been frequently lay'd .waiste by the Scotts as appears by the Bp's
Register.
Anciently the Parish was of much greater Extent, as appears by
the Boundary prefix'd : and in the Valuation taken 21. Edw. I. it is
rated at 401i & the Vicarage at 301i per Annu tho in ye Book of Rates
taken 26 H. 8. not long after the Battle of Sollem-Moss when all the
I
i
Arthuret
303
Country was almost laid Waiste, it was valued only, the Rectory at
2li — 0 — 0 and the Vicaridge at Olli — 02 — 00. Under wch Valuation it
Stands now in the Kings-Books so payes no first Fruits to the King ;
for both The Tenths OOli— 06— 04. In the year lb09 The old Church
was taken down and the New Falosch' erected ; as appears by the
Date sett over the Porch-door. The Expenses were supply'd by a
Brief, granted by K James I. to that purpose ; who, endeavouring by
two Proclamations, to abolish the very Name of Borders, was very
cjirefull to have the Concerns of Religion well provided for, in these
Parts. Tis commonly reported (by Some that can remember the
Building of the Church) That Bolts were cast & ready in Kendall ;
& that the Persons employ'd to fetch them went off with the money
ruined.
Called Chapple-Eusten The Chap-
pie Stood till the Civil Warrs 1640
when it was neglected. At the
Restoration of K Ch. II. 1660 Mr.
Constable caused a chappie of Earth
to be built in a very poor manner ;
whereat he preach 'd once a Month
for some years. This is now quite
ruined.
At Easten there was a Chappie
somewhat Independent of the Church
(a sort of Vicaridge under the Rec-
tory) wch had a Vicar of its own
& was valued distinct from the Rec-
tory ; but of late years this Rector
has had Possession to both, by one
Institution and Induction.
I
The The Revenues (?) of this chappie appear yet, and I
Inhabitants intend to have it united again for the Ease & Benefit
did of that Quarter of the Parish. Some have been buryd
oppose in the Chappie yard in Memory of Man. The Condi-
the tion of the Living, & the Right to at least the Title
Division to Present to it have been very various and uncertain.
It was first a Rectory : then Appropriated to the
Abbat & Convent of Jeddboragh Then a Rectory again
and sometimes the King of England Presented to it ;
Sometimes the Abbat & Convent of Jeddard ; and
sometimes the Private Persons. All wch Differences
and Disorders seem to have been settled 5 Ed. 6. when
the Bounds of the Kingdoms wiere ascertained by
Comissioners ; & the Dyke call'd the Scotch Dyke
made. Then upon the Death of that Prince they
broke out again ; for Queen Eliz. was so incensed at
the Rudeness of the People of these Parts, that Shee
sent Soldiers to burn their Houses, and Transported
two Ship-load of them (most of the name of Grahme)
to BrislI & Flushing in Holland ; and never suffered
them to return, never all of them.
1. Nicolson and Burn (vol. ii, p. 474) speak of the Chapel Flosh.
304 The Ejected of 1662
The following is a list of Incumbents : —
Michael Frissell, 1565.
He was instituted on the Srd of Sept., 1565.
CUTHBERT CURWEN, D.D., 1618—1639.
The first is the date given by Dr. Todd in the book just
named. Cuthbert Curwen was a younger brother of
Christopher Curwen of Camerton, a branch of the Curw^ns
of Workington Hall. He went from St. Bees School to
Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, in 1586, and probably became
Rector of Ai-thuret much earlier than the date given by
Dr. Todd. He is frequently referred to in Lord William
Howard's "Household Books" as "the Doctor," and was in
the habit of sending " geese " to Naworth. The following
is a specimen : " Rewards 1618 Nov. 12. To parson
Curwen's man bringing geese vs." ^
In his " Case " for the unity of the two Parishes, Dr.
Todd says : —
In ye yeare 1636, the Rector of Arthuret, Cuthbert Curwen,
D.D., being sick and aged, and happening to differ with ye patron
about some gleab land, who had not long before purchased ye
advowson of the Rectory and ye lands of ye whole parish of Arthuret ;
The patron having great power among his Tenants wthout any Act
of Parliament or Letters patent from ye King for wt he did Repairs
another ruinated chappell wthin ye p'cincts of ye sd parish neare to
his own mansion house, And attempts to make it parochial and
independent of ye mother church. '
Cuthbert Curwen resigned in 1639, the Bishop accepting
the resignation on Dec. 5th of that year, and he died
shortly after. Bishop ISTicolson, writing in 1704, says that
before the altdr in the Church was a monument thus
inscribed: " Cuthbertus Curwen. S.T.P.R. 1642." ^
His Will, dated June 28, 1639, directs that his body
shall be buried in the " Chancell of the pish Church of
Arthuret." In a codicil, dated Feb. 7, 1639-40, he recalls
and makes void certain provisions of his previous Will.
1. P. 88.
2. The Registers of Kirkandrews, &c., p. 289.
3. Miscel., p. 136.
Arthur et 305
He ordains and appoints hereby " that John Wardman my
Curate have the houses and landes now in his possession
at dureing my Lease at the same yearly rent if he
continue Curate at Arthuret." ^
George Constable, 1639 — 1673.
He was instituted the same day that Cuthbert Curwen's
resignation was accepted, "Ricus Graham Mil. et Baronet"
being patron. In his " Case " Dr. Todd ^eaks of George
Constable, a " poore Relation " of the patron, in the
following terms : —
In ye year 1641, Dr. Curwen ye Rector dyes, And ye patron to
p'vent ye Recovery of ye Rights of ye Rectory as may be supposed
p'sents one Mr. Constable, a poor Relation, who during his time
was content wth his allowance of tithe, wch was till ye yeare 1675 2
In his list of Incumbents, however, he describes him as
"A Yorkshire man of Good Family — Died in Yorkshire."^
In the margin he adds : — " For some years after 1640 the
church lay vacant in the heat of the Civil Warr." It is not
easy to see how this could be in view of the previous
statement. It is quite possible that George Constable was
sequestered as well as the Rector of Kirkandrews; but
there is no documentary evidence of any kind to show
that such was the case. He died in 1673. " On ye South
side of ye Church in ye Wall," says Bishop Nicolson, in
1704, a monument bears the following inscription : —
Here lyes the Body of Mrs. Thomasin Story, Daughter of Mr.
George Constable, last Rector of this Church, who was marryed to
Mr. Thomas Story of Justice Town the 12th of January 1658. She
left Issue George, Christopher, Thomas and Anne, and dyed the 1st
of Febr. 1674. i
George Usher, B.D., 1673—1688.
He was instituted Dec. 19, 1673, on a Presentation by
"Richard Graham Mil. and Bart.,"^ and had also
1. The Curwens of Workington Hall, &c., p. 63.
2. The Registers of Kirkandrews, &c., p. 290.
3. Liber Rationum, &c.
4. Miscel., p. 137.
5. Institution Books.
U
3o6 The Ejected of 1662
Bewcastle.^ He was the son of Charles Usher of
Kirkandrews and received his University training at
Emmanuel College, Cambridge. The following entries
in the Kirkandrews Registers refer to his family :
1673 June 17. Isibbell Daughter to Mr. George Usher of Kirk-
anders baptized, Mr. Arthuer fforster of Kingfield God father, Mrs.
fforster and Mrs. Gumpson, God mothers.
1675 July 29 Charles Sonne to Mr. George Usher Minister of
Arthurett borne j^e 24 of July & baptized ye 29th.
Bishop Kicolson says that in 1704, in the centre of the
chancel, was a monument thus inscribed : —
Depositum Viri Reverendi Georgij Usheri
S.T.B. Collegij Emanuel, Cantabrig. Socij
Rectoris de Arthuret, qui obijt Septemb. 4
die Mensis, Anno Doi 1688 2
Hugh Todd, M.A., D.D., 1688—1728.
He continued to hold this living even after becoming
Vicar of Penrith in 1699 and Prebendary of the Cathedral.^
Bishop Nicolson in his Diary for May 3, 1707, refers to
a Mr. Smith of " ye Holme," who desired " leave to go
Curate to Arthuret at 251i allowance." *
The Episcopal Register has the following referring
probably to the Chapel at Easten named by Dr. Todd ^ : —
Licentia erudiendi pueros aut legendi preces &c. in Capella de
floresta infra pochiam de Kirkhanders Super Esk in Com. Cumbriae
Concessa est Gulielmo Blathwait literato quinto die Mensis ffebruarij
Anno Dni 1663.
1. Vide p. 294.
2. Miscel., p. 136.
3. Vide pp. 436, &c.
4. Trans. (N.S.), vol. iv, p. 2.
5. Vide p. 303. ' -
XVI. KIRKLINTON.
In older documents this village, wliich lies about four
miles south east of Long-town, and eight north west of
Brampton, appears as "Kirk Leventon," "Kirk Levington"
and " Kirk Leavington." The Church is dedicated to St.
Cuthbert, and the Registers begin in 1655, though
they are not very legible for the rest of that Century.
In 1904, a Transcript was carefully prepared in reference
to which we have the following : —
This Transcript of the Early Eegisters of the Parish of Kirk-
linton for the years 1655 to 1705 carefully compared with and
cpmpleted by means of the Duplicates in the Bishop's Registry,
Carlisle, was finished January 28th 1904
by
Alfred John Hoi den
Rector.
It begins thus : —
A proper register Booke of
all the Baptisms in the pish
of Kirklinton for the present
yeare 1655.
The following is a list of Incumbents : —
Robert Beck, 1576—1599.
Probably the person of this name who appears at
Brampton in 1579, and at Crosthwaite in 1592. ^ If so he
would be a Pluralist. He died in 1599,
George Watson, 1599—1604.
Foster gives George Watson, M.A., as of Trinity or
Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1593, incorporated, Oxford, ^
July 10, 1599. Whether this was the Kirklinton Rector
he does not say. He resigned in 1604.
1. Vide pp. 249, 648.
2. AI. Ox.
3o8 The Ejected of 1662
Edward Johnson, M.A., 1604—1611.
He was instituted Feb. 21, 1604; and probably held tbe
living of Beaumont 1 as well as that of Kirklinton.
Christopher Parrett or Parrot, M.A., 1611 — 1643.
The Parrots were a local family, a person of this name
appearing in the Cockermouth Registers. Christopher
Parrett was instituted to Kirklinton, Sept. 26, 1611. He
is given as the grandfather of Christopher Story, the
eminent Quaker preacher. Nicolson and Burn say that
he resigned " to the Commissioners of Archbishop Usher
(commendatory Bishop of Carlisle) in 1643." ^ Such,
however, does not appear to be a correct view of the case.
Christopher Parrett was evicted by Sir Edward Musgrave,
the patron of the living, though for what reason is not
clear ; but as to the fact itself the following is decisive : —
Kirkelinton. 31 August 1646.
Upon complt made by Chrestopher Parrett Gierke yt he hath
beene Legally Incumbent of ye Rectory of Kyrkelinton in ye County
of Cumberland for 30 yeares together Mr. Edward Musgrave Knt &
Baronett did about fower years since by force evict ye sd Mr. Parrett
out of ye Rectory and placed therein on [one] Robt Priestman for yt
appeareth nothing in ye behalfe of or agt ye sd Minister for his
said eviction & this Comittee doe referr ye same to ye Comtee of
Parliamt for sd County who are desired to exine ye truth thereof
and in case they find yt hee hath a legal! tytle thereunto then ye
sd Comtee bee desired to reestableshe & settle him in ye sd Rectory
& ye quiett and peaceable posson thereof. 3
The appeal, however, does not seem to have had any
immediate result; but whether we are to see its influence
in the Sequestration which followed, about two years later,
cannot be determined. Information about Christopher
Parrett after this date is not forthcoming. Possibly the
marriage of a daughter is referred to* in the Registers
thus : —
1657 William Graham and Jane Parratt Mar. March xi.
1. Vide p. 219.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 463.
3. Add. MSS., Brit. Mus., 15670.
Kirklinton 309
Egbert Priestman, 1643— 1648 (?).
The writers previously quoted say in reference to this
appointment that the name of the person presenting is not
known ; but from the foregoing document it appears it was
Sir Edward Musgrave. Also from the fact that the same
writers go on to mention Robert Priestman's death in
1679, the impression conveyed is that his ministry was
continuous. This, however, was not so. He suffered
Sequestration about 1648, though Walker does not mention
his name. The evidence for this is the Petition which
is given a little later. Unfortunately a gap of eight
years occurs after him. Can it be that Christopher Parrett
returned ?
Robert Hooper, 1657/8 — 1660.
The following notifies his appointment : —
Kirklington in
ye County of
Cumbland.
Eobert Hooper Gierke — admitted the 25th day of January 1657 to
ye R. of Kirklington in ye County of Cumberland upon a pres.
exhibited the same day from his Highnesse The Lord Protector under
ye great Seale of England And Certificates from Tho. Craister, Cuth.
Studholme, Tim. Tully of Carlile Jos. Nicholson of Orton Comfort
Starre.'
Calamy and Palmer mention him as an Ejected Minister,
but they give no further information concerning him.
They do not even supply his Christian name. In each
case the place is given as " Kirklevington." Robert
Hooper passes out of sight at this point.
The following belong to this period : —
Stanton and
Houghton November 3, 1657.
9 Nov.
Sr. Edward Musgrave haveing not hitherto made out his title to
the tithes of Stanton and Houghton in the County of Cumberland
according to former ordr in that behalfe ordered that Mr. John
Pococke acquaint Mr. Cooke the sd Sr. Edward's Solicitor with the
said neglect that so the saide cause may be at length brought to a
determination. 2
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 998.
2. Ibid., 980.
3IO The Ejected of 1662
Stanton &
Houghton. May 27, 1658
Whereas the Lease of the tithes of Stanton & Houghton in the
County of Cumberland is long since expired (vizt) the 3rd of Aprill
1649 since when Sr. Edward Musgrave possor of the said tithes hath
not accounted for the mesne profitts of the same It is ordered that
Mr. Edmond Branthwayte recr doe make particular inquirie after
the true value of the said profitts and demands and receive the same
of the said Sr Edward and in default of payment thereof to certifie
the same to these Trustees that such further proceedings may be had
thereupon as to justice shall appertaine.
Edward Cresset Jo Pocock Ea. Hall Jo. Humfrey Ri. Yong. 1
Robert Priestman, 1660 — 1679.
Like many others similarly circumstanced, Robert
Priestman petitioned the House of Lords, in June, 1660,
for restoration to the living, from which he had been
" illegally ejected and Thurst out," and his suit was
successful. His Petition reads thus : —
To the right honorble the Lords in parliamt assembled : —
The humble peticon of Robert Preistman Clearke.
Sheweth.
That yor petr for these twelve yeares last past hath beene most
illegally ejected and Thurst out of his parsonage of Kirklinton als
Kirk leavington in the County of Cumbland and from exercize of his
Ministeriall duty there onely for his Loyalty and good affecon to his
Majestye.
May it therefore please yor
Lordpps to grant yor ORDER for the secureing of the
tythes gleabes and profitts thereof
into the hands of Such
persons as yor Lordpps
shall thinke fitt untill yor
petrs tytle to his said parsonage
shall be determined by due Course
of Law.
And yor petionr, shall
dayly pray &c.
ROBERT PREISTMAN.
I can testifie the truth of this petition for ye Petitioner was presented
by me ; and forcably elected for his Loyalty this twelve yeares or
there abouts, and he is a Conscientious man.
EDWARD MUSGRAVE.
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 980.
Kirklinton 3 1 1
Sr. Edw. Musgrave Knt of Hayton in Cumbland.
[On the outside of the document appears the following] : — 23 of June
1660 The peticon of Robt. Preistnian, Clearke
Expd. '
The Priestman entries in the Registers are as follows : —
1656 Eichard . . . son of Robert Priestman Minister, Bur. ye 17
Aprill.
1656 Mary daughter of Mr. Robert Priestman born Feb. 24:th.
1657 Mary daughter of Robert Preistman bur. Dec. 28.
1658 Son of Robert Priestman born Oct. 5.
1660 Jane daughter of Mr. Robert Priestman Chry[stened] Jan . . .
1661 John Sonne of Robert Preistman Clerk Bur. Aprill 13.
1663 Katherine daughter of Mr. Robert Priestman Chryst ....
1664 Elizabeth daughter of Mr. Robert Preistman Chryt.
1666 Dorothie daughter of Mr. Priestman Bapt. November 6.
1668-9 January Jane daughter of Robert Priestman Minister Bapt.
19th.
1671 Aprill Arthur Sonne of Robt Preistman Minister Bapt 3rd
1677 June Richard son of Mr. Preistman ^Bur. 29th.
It would appear from the foregoing that Robert Priestman
was resident in the district during the period of his
Sequestration. He remained here until his death, in 1679,
and held the Scaleby living as well.^ He was active in
his opposition to the Quakers who Avere numerous in the
neighbourhood. At a suit instituted by him for "Predial
Tithes" John Jackson of Kirklinton was imprisoned Sept.
•30, 1677.^ It was in his time also that the following
Presentments were made : —
1675
We do present these psons under written as Quakers and Non-
Conformists —
Christopher Taylor of Hitherside
Christopher Story of Righead
George Grame of Rigg
Andrew Martin
George Hetherington of Grainhead
Andrew Hetherington of Ash
1. House of Lords' Library ; also H.M.C., Seventh Report, Pt. I, p. 107.
2. Vide p. 291.
3. Besse's Sufferings, &c., vol. i, p. 132 : First Publishers of the Truth,
p. 63.
312 The Ejected of 1662
Symond Armestrong alias Groont
William Blacketter
John Ivyson
John Jackson Junr
John Summervell
Christopher Hetherington.
1676
We do present these underwritten for non payment of Church dues
William Hetherington of Rigg
Thos Graham of the same
Edward Grame of ililtown
George Grame of Rigg ■ '
Robert Phillipp of Whamtown
John Grame alias Blackhouse late deceased whose Will & Testmt
is to present.'
Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, says: —
In the Church-yard (which is pretty well fenced) there is great
Store of Graves; notwithstanding the mighty Swarms of Quakers in
the parish, who have also a Sepulchre of their own within View.
On a Tomb-Stone here I found the following Epitaph, ill speli'd :
Here lyeth the Body of jNIr. Robert Priestman
leat Rector of this Church, who lived Mi-
nister the Space of 38 years, and dyed
April the 16th, 1679.=
George Story, 1681—1694.
He was instituted May 30, 1681, on the Presentation
of the Archbishop of York. He appears to have been
exceedingly active both against Conventiclers and Quakers.
On Dec. 1, 1684, Sir Greorge Fletcher writes to Sir Daniel
Fleming in the interests of " Cousin " Warwick against
whom it was charged by "one Story, parson of Kirklinton,"
that he had refused to give a warrant for the suppressing
of a Conventicle which " the constables and church-
wardens " had also refused to disturb.^ George Story *
resigned Dec. 6, 1694, on being nominated to the Deanery
of Connor in Ireland.
1. Parish Registers.
2. Miscel., p. 107.
3. Fleming MSS., H.M.C., Twelfth Report, p. 195.
4. Vide "The First Publishers of the Truth " (p. 64) for George Story
and the Quakers.
i
Kirklinton 3 1 3
David Bell, M.A., 1695^1706.
He was instituted April 27, 1695, on the Presentation
of " Edmund Appleby, Gen.," having previously been at
Askham. In 1706 he removed to Aspatria, and was at
Great Orton in 1710.^
John Murray, M.A., 1707—1722.
He was instituted April 4, 1707, on the Presentation of
Joseph Appleby, and inducted two days afterwards.
Foster says : — " Son of John of Stirling, Scotland, Univer-
sity Coll. matric. 12 Dec, 1695, aged 17 : one of these
names rector of Ivirklington, Cumberland, 1707." ^ He
remained until his death in 1722. His burial entry reads
thus : —
1722 July 27 John Murray Rector of this Parish Buried.
Anthony Wilton, B.A., 1722—1731.
The Registers state that he was inducted Sept. 29, 1722,
by " Mr. Edward Birkett Rector of Kirkland." He signs
the Lanercost Transcripts in 1726 and 1728, and was
probably Curate of Walton, being therefore like many
others of that period, a Pluralist on a considerable scale.
L Vide pp. 233, 646, 1221.
2. Al. Ox.
XVII. EOCLIFFE.
This place is on the north bank of the Eden about six
miles north west of Carlisle. The Church is dedicated to
St. Mary ; and the Registers date back to 1679. " On the
fly-leaf," writes Dr. Wilson, " in a neat bold band is tbe
following :
Cumberland, Roecliffe at Easter 1679 John Litle and Jeff Urwin
being ch[urch]wardens. This Register book was bought at ye insti-
gation of Mr. Tho. Stalker Mr. A. Coll, Reg. Oxon curate yn of this
ch. of Roecliffe lectr of St. Cuthberts Carlile and Minor canon of ye
Cathedll ch in yt citty. There was not one yr [there] before for
many yeares being taken away with other utensills of ye Church by
Scott's armyes and last of all by Ld Duke Hamilton's in ye year
1648. '
Previous to 1754 it was a Curacy first, in connection with
the Cathedral of Carlisle, and subsequently under the
Dean and Chapter there, who nominated a perpetual
Curate. Of these no complete list is possible, but tbe
following scraps of information have been obtained : —
William Cox, 1656.
The authority for this is the following : —
Rowcliffe
Mar 6, 1656.
Know all men by these psents that there was exhibited &c. an
Ordr of ye Trustees for &c. for ye settlemt of Mr. Wm Cocke in
ye Curacy of the parish Church of Rowcliffe in ye County of Cum-
berland Together &c Upon pusall &c the Comrs &c.
Dated Att Whitehall the 26th day of Deer 1656.
A true copy
Jo. Nye Regr.^
Rowcliffe. March 20, 1656.
Whereas the Curacy of the pish Church of Rowcliffe in the County
of Cumberland is at the Care and provision of these Trustees It is
1. Vict. Hist., &c., Cumb., vol. ii, p. 93 note 6.
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 968.
Rocliff e 3 1 5
ordered that Mr. Wm. Cocks (approved by the Comrs for Approbacon
of publique preachers the 26th of December 1656) be and he is hereby
constituted and appointed Minister of Rowcliffe aforesaid, and that
he doe officiate in the pish Church and preach unto and diligently
instruct the Inhabitants of the sd pish And that he shall have for his
paines therein, all Stipends Salaries pencons and allowances whatso-
ever to the Curate or Minister of the sd pish Church belonging or in
any wise appteining And it is further ordered that the yearely Sume
Seaventeene poundes six Shillinges be from time to time paid unto
him out of the rents and profitts of the Rectory of Rowcliffe
aforesd to hold for such time as he shall descharge the duty of the
Minister of the sd place or untill further order of these Trustees to
be Accompted from the 25th day of December last and that Mr.
Edmund Branthwaite Receiver doe pay the Same unto the sd Mr.
Cocks accordingly.
Ra. Hall, Jo. Humfrey, Edw. Cressett
Jo. Pocock Ri. Yong. i
Foster gives quite a number of persons of this name among-
his Oxford Alumni ; but he does not identify the person in
question. What became of him we do not know.
Henry Skarrow, M.A., 1668.
This is the date in the Transcripts when he signs as
" Curat ibidem." He was subsequently at Castle Carrock.^
Thomas Stalker, M.A., 1679—1680.
He was previously at Thursby, and was also Lecturer at
Carlisle. 3
Richard Shepherd, 1682.
This again is the date of his signature in the Transcripts,
though his license to serve the Cure is dated Apr, 17, 1683.
Almost certainly this is the person of that name referred
to as " late Schoolr " under date Dec. 20, 1683, in the
account of Carlisle. He was at Cliburn in 1688,* and
married Jane Stalker, the daughter of his predecessor at
Roclifi'e.
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 993.
2. Vide p. 265.
3. Vide pp. 186, 544.
4. Vide pp. 182, 1245.
3i6 The Ejected of 1662
John Calvert, 1690— 1719 (?).
He was admitted to the Curacy Dec. 22, 1690.
He signs the Transcripts in 1691 and continues to do so
until 1719. He had been Curate of Cumrew from 1679 to
1690.^ Bishop Nicolson, in 1703, slightly reflects upon his
lack of training thus : —
In a neighbouring House the Children are taught by Mr. Moor,
a Scotch Mr. of Arts of Aberdene ; who has contracted with ye
Parishioners for a salary of 3li and his Diet; He is also Clerk of the
Parish, worth about 10s under a Curate who never saw either an
University or a College excepting that in the Abbey at Carlile,
where he is a Petty Canon. ^
The Transcripts furnish several interesting items, in one
of Avhich a tribute is paid to the devotion of the Minister
notwithstanding his want of University training : —
[About 1692.]
We psent ye pish for not buying a new Surplice that wch we
have is all in tatters & raggs even a shame to see ! We have nothing
else (yt we know off) to p'sent this yeare.
This is signed by the Churchwardens " old " and '' new."
April 22, 1702.
We psent William Hill a Whigg for teaching School in Rockliffe
pish without a Licence.
May 2, 1704, among other things, they report : —
Our Minister is episcopally ordained never absent from us any
Sunday or on any occaon but Sometime when necessarily detained in
the Cathedrall upon his Duty being a Minor Canon there as diligent
as any man can be in the discharge of his Duty required in the
Articles under this Title.
There is a Meeting held in George Davison's house at the Cross
evry week twice, vizt on Sunday & Thursday night, To which there
come a great number of People from sev'all Parishes.
Calamy names Daniel King, born at Bridge of Allan,
near Stirling, " brought up in the College of Glasgow,
1. Vide p. 269.
2. Miscel., p. 14.
Refugees 3 1 7
and ordain'd at Edinburgh," as obtaining a living in
Cumberland through the " Interest of the Earl of Queens-
berry," whence he was ejected for his Nonconformity.
He adds : " As some that were ejected and silenc'd in
these Parts [Cumberland] went afterwards into Scotland,
so some that were harrass'd there, came and took shelter
here." ^ No places are named ; but, as the part of the
County with which this Chapter is concerned is contiguous
to Scotland, probably it was here that these interchanges
took place.
1. Calamy, vol. iii, p. 229.
I
III. THE LAZONBY GROUP.
I. LAZONBY.
This is a good sized village in the Eden Yalley, about
midway between Appleby and Carlisle. The Cliurcb,
dedicated to St. Nicholas, is an old foundation, though
the present structure is modern. The Registers begin in
1638, the earliest possible date. They are in excellent
condition, the ink being faded in only a few places. The
following is a list of Incumbents : —
Edward Denton, M.A., 1588—1614.
He was collated by Bishop Meye. Foster says that he
was the son of Thomas Denton who first built Warnall in
the Parish of Sebergham : " Tabarder of Queen's Coll,
1566, B.A. 9 July 1568, fellow 1569, M.A. 18 June 1572,
vicar of Ditchling Sussex 1581-8." ^ The Registers note
his burial thus : —
1614, Mr. Edward Denton, vicar was buried the 5th of October.
His wife was buried January 7, 1629-30.
Anthony Haydock, 1614 — 1638.
He was collated Oct. 8, 1614. Foster has the following,
but whether referring to the person before us he does
not say : " Haydock Antony B.A. from Magdalen Hall 27
May, 1587, M.A. 9 July, 1590, son of James of Greywell,
Hants." 2 The Registers note his interment thus : —
1638. Mr. Anthony Haydock vicar buryed the xix of January.
Jonathan Goodwin, M.A., 1637/8 — 1645.
He was collated by Bishop Potter, Feb. 27, 1637-S, and
1. Al. Ox.
2. Ibid.
Lazonby 3 1 9
the place is given as " Laysingby," ^ His Induction took
place on "Mareli ye first 16'37-8,"2 and his Sequestration
by the Plundered Ministers' Committee about 1645. In
this year his name occurs in the Registers. Walker finds
him a place in his list.
Simon Atkinson, 1645 — 1660.
He signs the Registers as Yicar in January, 1645—6.
The following documents are of the utmost importance on
several accounts. They give, among other things, the
true reason for Goodwin's Sequestration, the date of Simon
Atkinson's appointment, the insistence of the Committee
upon the full and regular payment of " Fifths " to Mrs.
Goodwin, and the examination of Simon Atkinson by
Cromwell's " Triers." These documents, and others of
a similar character, serve to show that the charge of
oppression, frequently brought against the Commonwealth
regime, has often mingled with it considerable exaggera-
tion : —
Lazonby. 28 Martii 1646.
Whereas ye vicarage of ye parish church of Lazonby in ye County
of Cumberland standeth sequestred by ye Comittee for ye sd County
from Jonathan Goodwin for yt hee deserted his Cure and betooke
himselfe to ye King's forces This Comittee doe confirme ye sd seques-
tracon to ye use of some godly and orthodox divine And whereas
Symon Atkinson INIinister of ye word hath peticoned for Satisfaccon
for his farther service of ye Cure of ye sd Church This Comittee doe
referr ye same to ye Comtee for ye sd County who are desired to
exaine what tyme hee hath served ye sd Cure and to allow him such
satisfaccon for his sayd service out of ye pfitts of ye sd benefice as to
them shall seeme iust & equall.*
Lazonby. 1 April, 1646.
Whereas ye vicarage of ye Parish Church of Lazonby in ye County
of Cumberland standeth sequestred by ye Comtee for ye sd County
from Jonathan Goodwin for deserting his Cure and betaking him-
selfe to ye King's forces And ye sd Sequestracon is by order of this
Comittee of ye xxviij of March last Confirmed to ye use of some
godly and orthodox divine It is ordered yt Symon Attkinson a Godly
1. Institution Books.
2. Parish Registers.
3. Add. MSS., Brit. Mus., 15670.
320 The Ejected of 1662
and orthodox Divine doe prsently officiate ye Cure of ye sd Church
and preach diligently to ye pareshioners there.'
Lazonby. Junii 20, 1646.
Upon the humble peticon of Jane the wife of Jonathan Goodwyn
from whome the vicarage of Lazonby in the Countie of Cumberland
is sequestred It is ordered that the said Mrs. Goodwin shall have for
& towards the maintennce of her and her children the full cleere 5th
pte of all the tithes rents glebe lands & Easter booke of the said
viccarage (all taxes & charges first deducted out of the whole) unlesse
good cause be shown to the contrarie the sd Mr. Goodwyn and his
wife yeilding all due obedience to the said Sequestracon. The
examinacon of wch cause (if there be any) this Comittee doe referre
to the Cotee of Parliamt for the Countie of Cumberland who are
desired to heare the pties on both sides therein & to call before them
and examine the witnesses that shalbe produced as well for proofe of
the said cause as on the pte and behalfe of the sd Mris. Goodwin for
the Justifying of her & of the said paymt of the said ffifth pte & to
determine the dilferences betweene them if they can or otherwise to
Certifie the same to this Cotee.
Ord. ye June 23, 1646.2
Lazonby August 19, 1646.
Upon consideracon had of the peticon of Symon Atkinson Minister
of Lazonby in the County of Cumbland this Coittee do declare and
order that Joane the wife of Jonathan Goodwin from whom the
Rectory of Lazonby aforesd is sequestred shall have the 5th pte of the
profitts of the said Rectory from the time that the said Mrs. Goodwin
did pticon for the sd 5th pte & not before & that all taxes and
charges be first deducted out of the whole & that the same be paid
in money by the sd Mr. Atkinson and not in specie wch the Comittee
for the said County are desired upon exacaion of pties on both sides
concerning the vallew of the said Living to ascertaine & see paid
accordingly. 3
Lazonby Junii 12, 1647.
Upon consideracon had of the peticon of Joane the wife of Jonathan
Goodwin from whom the Vicarage of Lazonby in the Countie of
Cumberland is sequestred (a coppy whereof is hereto annexed) It is
ordered that the said Mrs. Goodwyn shall have a fift pte paid her
according as the Comittee of the said Countie have value the same
vizt, after the rate of seaventy poundes a yeare, which the said
1. Bodl. MS. 322.
2. Add. MSS., Brit. Mus., 15670.
3. Ibid.
Lazonby 321
Comittee are desired to see paid unto her accordingly togeather with
all arreares due from the time that the said fift pte was first graunted
her. And whereas it is certified by the Comittee of the said Countie
that on ffrancis [Symon] Atkinson who is not in orders hath intruded
himselfe into the said Benefice and Church It is ordered that he doe
Answere before this Cottee on the tenth day of August next his said
Intrusion. 1
Newcastle
upon
Tyne. By the Comrs. the third day of November, 1652.
Lazonby &
Heskett.
Whereas Mr. Symond Atkinson being recomended for a godly and
painfull preacher and of able guifts and knowledg for the worke of
the ilinistry and of approved Conversacon for piety hath come before
us and upon Tryall and examinacon of his guifts by Divers godly
Ministers according to ye direcon of the Parliament is found fitt to
preach the Gospell of Jesus Christ and to be duly qualifyed and
guifted for yt holy Imployment These are therefore by Vertue of the
power and Authority to us given by the Parliament to appoint the
said Mr. Symond Atkinson to preach att Lazonby and Heskett in the
County of Cumberland & to bee Itinerant in those places And for
his support & Mayntenance It is hereby appointed and Ordered that
the- vicaridge of Lazonby ye Tythe of petterill Crookes ye reservacon
rent of ye Tythe of Heskett and the proffitts of the proctor office of
Cuthberts in Carlisle with all Gleabe Lands houses Tythes Rents and
other proffitts to ye same belonging be vested and setled upon the
said Symond Atkinson And he is hereby invested in the same & as
lawfully seized thereof to all intents and purposes as if he had beene
instituted and inducted according to any former Course of Law.
G. Vane : Tho. Cholmley, Jo. Clavering, Wm. ffenwick, Jo. Ogle
Wm. Vane Lu. Rillingworth, Wm. IMawson, Tho. Craister, Tho.
Langhorne, Geo. Dawson, Hen. Horsley, Edw. Winter.
Postscript
It is ye true intent of ye Comrs. that the abovesaid reserved rent
of the tithe of Heskett is the six poundes thirteene Shillinges & fouer-
pence payable by the Lady ffletcher ye 15th of March and ye first
day of August.
Exd. & Entr
Ant. Parsons. 2
Lazonby. The like [approval] for Mr. Symon Atkinson of Lazonby
in the County of Cumberland Dated att Whitehall the ffifteenth day of
April! ["Aprill" is erased and "ffebruary" inserted] 1665. Jo. Nye, Reg.*
1. Add. MSS., Brit. Mus., 15671.
2. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 1006.
3. Ibid., 968.
322 The Ejected of 1662
Simon Atkinson was one of the few men who took the
Engagement, the date being Oct. 20, 1649. Like many
of the Ministers of the time he came into conflict with the
Quakers. In the Jackson Library, Carlisle, is a scarce
volume which was intended to be a reply to some of his
utterances. On the first page, evidently by a later hand,
appears the following : —
The Lamb's Innocency.
defended against Lyes and Slanders In
Answer to a second reply of a Priest
who is called a Minister at Lazonby
in Cumberland, called Simon Atkinson
who hath shewed his Wolfish
nature against those People called
Quakers : ranking them up with Papists &c
written in defence of the Truth as
it is in Jesus, by a Foole to the Wisdom
of this World, who according to measure,
hath tasted and obtained of the
Wisdom of God : whose bodily name is
called Joseph Helling.
[No Printer's name or place supplied]
1658.
It is an extremely bitter production, and the plan
adopted is to take the " Priest's " points and reply to them
seriatim. Evidently Simon Atkinson had contended that
the similarity between the Quaker position and that of
Rome was .very real. It was a contention put forward by
not a few who opposed the Quaker luovement, and Helling
deeply resented it. The following extracts give a good
idea of the character of the work : —
Pr. [Priest], first accusation. The Babylonish Merchants (1 meane
Papists) have their severall sorts of Wares to sell which you nre their
onely chapmen for, and hath taken them of their hands : That the
Common light in all is sufficient to salvation, provided men doe not
stifle it, nor extinguish it by Wilfull sinning against it : Sir, say not
you so too ?
Ans. This accusation is false and confused ; we never was at the
Popish Colledges to learne a trade as most of you have bin, at
Trinity Colledge, Christs Colledge, Jesus Colledge St. John's Col
ledge &c. these Colledges was instituted by the Popes Law, and
named after Saints for nursing up of Jesuits ; as also your Churches
Lazonby 323
with the Popes Crosses upon the most of them and called by the
name of Saints, as St. Peters Church, St. Pauls Church St. Maries
Church &c so I have not given you a wrrong title viz. Merchants of
Babell, which comes nearer you in the Ministry, then Papists outward
tenents.
Pr. And why should Pearles be cast before Swine, that will trample
them under feet and turne again and rend us?
Ans. We doe not look for Pearles at your hands ; for how can a
Fountain send forth at one hole sweet water and bitter? Or how
can a lyar and a false Accuser comunicate Pearles? and Although
thou tearm us to Swine yet doe we chew our Cud, and knows our
Manna, the food of life, and the Swine we know, thou that feeds
upon the Huske, putting the letter for the word and tryall of Spirits
and for your rule and not the new Creature. Therefore, I say, deale
honestly with thy soull and take heed that thou be not found a
Swineheard instead of a Shepherd, take notice of that thou that
trades with the letter.
Dealing later with the Tithe Question he says : —
The parish Masters of our dayes having got a fairer forme is found
filling up the measures of both Scribes and Pharisees and the Papists,
persecuting and fighting themselves as hath been proved and as I
can witnes from Eichard Gilpyn of Graystocke, who pushed me with
his hand, calling me simple foole and threatening me with prison and
clapping by the heels &c so to us you are made manifest, and shall
no more weare a rough garment (to deceive) or a black dyed Inke
garment ; but the Lord will cut olf the name of the Kimerims, or the
name of the Black coats ; so look to it you sons of the Sorcerers ; for
the lack of Wages hath stopped, and will stop the mouthes of the
idol shepherds, that calls the Scriptures the word of God and Tryall
of Spirits.
Simon Atkinson's name appears in the Registers as late
[as Nov., 1659. The following entries relate to members
)f his family : —
1653 Samuell Atkinson Sonne of Simon -Atkinson vicar and
Ellinor his wife was born the xxixth day of September.
1655 Sarah Atkin.son daughter of Simon & Ellinor his wife borne
the xiiij of Aprill.
1657 Abigail Atkinson daughter of Simon and Ellinor his wife borne
ye same day [27] of July.
N'icolson and Burn find no place in their History for
[Simon Atkinson, nor does Hutchinson in his, whilst
iWhellan and Jefferson simply give the name without date.
324 The Ejected of 1662
Calamy places him among his Ejected Ministers and
gives the following brief account of him : —
Lasenby : Mr. Simon Atkinson. A very Acute Man, and of a
good Judgment. Especially Nice in his School Learning. He dy'd
in Sept. 1694 upon a Cold caught Travelling from Penrith, where
he Preach'd at the opening of a Lecture, encourag'd by Dr. Thomas
Gibson of Hatton Garden in London.'
As in the case of so many others, Simon Atkinson's
Ejection appears to have taken place in 1660, and he was
one of few who remained in the neighbourhood after that
event. He figures both in the Conventicle Returns of
1669, the Indulgence Licenses of 1672 and the Presenta-
tions of 1670-1678. His home was in the Hesket district,
and he ranks with Gilpin and others as one of the
Founders of Nonconformity in the County.^
In the Hayton and Crosby Registers respectively appear
the following : —
Simond Atkinson in the parish of Crosbie and Jane Skollecke wid.
in the parish of Hayton Marred the xviij dale of Aprill 1667.
1687-8. Weddng ffeb. 4 Tho. Wilson & Jane Atkinson of Lazonby
Married by Licence 1687-8.
Probably the latter was a connection of the Minister;
but whether the other was we do not know. The Atkinsons,
however, were a prominent family about the Brampton
district.
Jonathan Goodwin, M.A., 1660 — 1661.
His Petition in June, 1660, to the House of Lords for
restoration to his living is as follows : —
To the right honorble the Lords assembled in Parliament.
The humble Peticon of Jonathan Goodwin CI. & Vicar of the pish of
Lazonby in the County of Cumberland.
Shewith.
That yor petionr haveing for twenty yeares last past beene lawfull
minister and viccar of the pish of Lazonby aforesaid hath beene
sequestred and ejected without due Course of Law in the tyme of
these late warrs for his Loyalty to his Matie.
Ydr petionr therefore humbly prayeth that the tythes
Gleabes and other pfitts belonging to the said Viccarage
1. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 158.
2. Vide pp. 1253, 1258.
Lazonby . 325
may be stayed and secured in the hands of the Church-
wardens and Ouerseers of the poore of the said pish
untill yor petitionrs tytle thereto be tryed by due
Course of Law, or further Ordr of Parliamt by Order
from yr handes.
And yor Petionr shall dayly
pray &c.
Johnathan Goodwin.
[What follows is in a different hand from the rest.]
I know the petitioner to be an able and conscientious Divine and
Certefy that the Contents there are true and that he was put out of
the said place for his loyalty to the King.
LANCELOTT WALKEE.
Eichard Singleton.
Capt. Lancelott Walker of Torpennoe in Cumberland.
[On the outside of the document] : —
ddi [delivered] 28 July 1660 Mr. Jonathan Goodwin
Gierke
Peticon.^
A person of this name compounded in 1657 for his First
Fruits as follows : —
November 1657.
Nottingham Bound William Tomlinson of In hand xvijli
E. Barton Martins in the ffields Taylor ffirst May 1658 ixs. iiijd.
in the and Thomas Savage of St. ffirst Nov. 1658
Beaves Thomas Appostles Lond. ffirst May 1659
ffor Jonathan Godwyn CI. [Clerk].^
Can this be the Sequestered Vicar of Lazonby? The
similarity of name is not decisive, but it is significant;
and it is the sort of thing that happened in several cases.
If the surmise be correct it is evidence of the easier lot of
the Sequestered than is often supposed.
Jonathan Goodwin's petition met with success ; but when
he returned to his living at Lazonby he must have been
an old man. He remained therefore only a short time,
resigning in May, 1661. ^
Egbert Symson or Simpsox, 1661 — 1668.
He signs the Registers March, 1660-1 ; but his collation
1. House of Lords' Library, H.M.C., Seventh Eeport, Pt. i, p. 106.
2. Composition Books (Eecord Office), No. 22, 1656—1660.
3. Episcopal Eegister, Carlisle.
326 . The Ejected of 1662
by Bishop Sterne was on May 8, 1661, and Induction on
June 4tli, 1661. He read the Articles, etc., on June 9th,
being the first vSunday after his Induction. There appear
to have been two persons of this name, in this neighbour-
hood, at this time, and the fact has given rise to some
confusion. Foster has the following : " Simpson Robert
(Symson) 'Ser.' Queen's Coll. matric.9 Dec. 1653, B.A. 18,
July 1657; vicar of Lazonby, Cumberland, 1661, and
rector of Long Marton, Westmorland, 1661, and perhaps
vicar of Bywell St. Andrew, 1668, and rector of Wark-
worth, Northumberland, 1686." ^ All after " perhaps "
should certainly be deleted ; for the Registers show that
Robert Simpson " Yicar " died, in 1668, and was " buryed
the xiiij day of October."
John Simpson, B.A., 1668—1680.
Foster again says : " Ser. Queen's Coll. matric. 26 Oct.
1660, B.A. 1665 : vicar of Lazonby, Cumberland, 1668,
rector of Ormside, Westmorland, 1680." ^ He was
collated Nov. 2, 1668 ; and inducted on " ye 24th day of
November " following.
Robert Hume, M.A., 1680—1703.
He was collated to Lazonby, Mar. 26, 1680; and
inducted on April 19 following. He was at Crosby-on-
Eden in 1670.3 His son, Timothy, went from Sedbergh
School to St. John's, Cambridge, entering there in 1704
at the age of 20. ^
George Parker, M.A., 1703 — 1737.
He was from Glasgow University, collated Oct. 18,
1703, and inducted Nov. 17 following, by Thomas Nevin-
son. Vicar of Torpenhow, His marriage with Mary
Symson, probably daughter of Barnabas Simpson, is thus
given in the Long Marton Registers : —
1706 October 1st Mr. George Parker vicar of Lazonby in Cumber-
land and Mrs. Mary Symson of Long Marton was marryed by Mr.
Wickins at Kirkby Thore.
He died in 1737.
1. Al. Ox.
2. Ibid.
3. Vide p. 206.
4. Sedbergh . School Kegister, p. 115.
II. HESKET-IN-THE-FOEEST.
A very extensive Parish including quite a number of
Townships, and bordered on the east by the Parish of
Lazonby. The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, is situated
in High Hesket, the nearest railway station being South-
waite. Dr. Todd relates, as a tradition, that " the first
erection of a chapel here was about the year 1530, when
an infectious distemper raging in the country, and the
people bringing their dead as usual to be buried within
the city of Carlisle, the mayor. and citizens shut the gates
upon them, and from the walls advised them to carry
back the corpse and bury the same at a place then called
Walling Stone; and that if they did so, and complied with
their advice, they and others would endeavour to prevail
with the bishop of the diocese, to have a chapel built and
consecrated there, which would be of perpetual use to
them and their posterity. And on their complying with
this proposal, as soon as the plague was ceased, a chapel
was built, and the then bishop (John Kite) attended by
Sir Christopher Dacre, knight, Sir John Lowther, knight,
and a great number of gentlemen and others of the country
and neighbourhood, did in a solemn manner consecrate it
and the church or chapel yard and by proclamation set out
and fixed the bounds thereof."^ "All which," remark
Nicolson and Burn, " perhaps may amount to this, that
the church or chapel was then rebuilt, and had then first
the right of sepulture granted to it." -
In the period with which we are concerned it was a mere
Chapelry in the Parish of St. Mary's, Carlisle, it being
the duty of the latter to supply it with religious provision.
The Historians make no attempt at a list of Curates. The
Registers begin in 1662, the first volume being long,
narrow, and of parchment. It is in fair condition; the
1. Leath Ward, by Jefferson, p. 209.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 339.
328 The Ejected of 1662
writing is a little faded in places, but with labour the
entries can be deciphered. It begins thus: —
Heskett Regester
Booke
Anno Dom 1662
Chrestenings.
The second volume is of paper and is much more
dilapidated. It begins in 1693. The following is an
imperfect list of Incumbents : —
Simon Atkinson, 1652.
For a time at least Hesket and Lazonby were worked
together. That was the arrangement which held during
part of Simon Atkinson's ministry at Lazonby. It would
appear that after his Ejection he kept to the neighbourhood
of Hesket, and towards the end of his life made his home
at Calthwaite. Calamy gives correctly the date of his
death, ^ but it does not seem to have been known where he
was interred. This, however, is settled by the Hesket
Registers, which give the following : —
1694 Cathwaite Simon Atkinson, Clerk was buried Sept 6th.
The following also probably refers to his wife : —
1696 ffrances Atkinson was buried June 18th.
John Pearson, 1659.
The authority for this is the following : —
Hesketh. March 2d 1659.
Whereas ye Chappell of Hesketh is within ye parish of Maries in
Carlisle & the Cure of the said parish Church & Chappell is under
the care of these Trustees ye Rectory of Maries aforesaid Being
parcell of ye possions of ye late Deane & Chapter of Carlisle Ordered
that the yearely Sume of Threescore & ten poundes be graunted to
& for increase of the Maintennce of Mr. John Pearson this day Setled
Ministr of the said Chappell To hold from this psent second day of
March for such time as he shall continue faithfully to discharge ye
duty of Ministr of the said place or further ordr And that Mr.
Edmund Branthwayte Recr. doe pay the same unto him Accordingly
out of ye pticulars following vizt. ye yearely sume xxli out of the rents
and profitts of ye tithes of Plimpton the further yearely sume of ixli &
xs out of the rents & profitts of the tithes of Armithwayte & Nunclose
the further yearely sume of viijli xiijs iiijd out of the rents & profitts
1. Vide p. 324.
Hesket-in-the-Forest 329
of the tithes of Potterell Crookes & the further yearely sume of xxvijli
vjs viijd out of the rents & profitts of the tithes of Upper Hesketh &
Nether Hesketh all in ye pish of Hesketh aforesaid & parcell of the
possions of the late Deane & Chapter of Carlisle the leases of which
tithes are lately expired.
Jo. Thorowgood Geo. Cowper Ri Yong.
Wm Skynner Jo. Pocock.^
A person of this name appears at Brigham in 1661, and
Great Orton in 1665. ^
Christopher Rickerby, 1675.
In the Registers occurs the following : —
1675 John Slack and Jane Garth were married att Armathwaite
Chappell by Mr. Rickerby 3d of ffebruary.
Armathwaite Chapel was erected by Richard Skelton
soon after the Restoration ; and by his Will he gave .£100
for its endowment. " It is supposed," say Nicolson and
Burn, " it had been an ancient Chapel long before his
time, and that he only rebuilt it." ^ Christopher Rickerby
was Schoolmaster at Lazonby, in 1672, and, about that
time also, Curate at Armathwaite Chapel.* The habit of
poetizing, and especially anagrammatic poetizing, appears
to have been much practised by the Ministers of those
days, and among the pieces written in 1672 in praise of
Mary Wilson, " the Yirgin Saint," is one from the pen
of Christopher Rickerby. The conjecture is hazarded,
but it is only a conjecture, that in addition to Armath-
waite he may have served Hesket. It would, at any rate,
appear that later some association of the two places existed,
though it is not easy to define its character. Bishop
Nicolson, writing of Armathwaite in 1703, says : —
The present Rascally Curate (Mr. Hodgson, Vicar of Ainstable)
has carryed off the Lock and Key, where the Books and other
Utensils, given in the year 1670, are kept : and lets all go to Wrack.
He adds : —
There are no Burials here, nor many Christenings ; the Register for
both being kept by the Curate of Hesket.5
1. Lambeth MSS. (Plund. Min.), 987.
2. Vide pp. 231, 754.
3. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 342.
4. Ibid.
5. Miscel., 94.
330 The Ejected of 1662
Christopher Rickerby was subsequently at Cumrew and
Castle Carrock. 1
William Barrow, 1680.
He was ordained Deacon Aug. 17, 1662, and Priest
Sep. 20, 1663. The Registers contain the following: —
1680 Mr. Wm. Barrow, Curate of Heskett Sept. [Sepultus] 6 Julij.
Two days after we get the following : —
1680 Thomas Sawor and ffrances Robinson married by Horneby
8 Julij.
We have no information about " Horneby," but possibly
he was merely called in to do temporary duty.
Thomas Wells, 1680—1710.
He was licensed Curate here in 1680. The following
entries occur in the Registers : —
• 1681 John Rumney CI. & Issabell Sand'son were married the 9th
May by Mr. Wells.
1685 Hillehouse, Robert ye son of Thomas Wells & Mary his wife
was borne Jan. 25 & bap. ffeb. 3rd 1685.
Hill houses 1710.
Mr. Thomas Wells curate of Heskett dyed ye 31st of Augt & was
Buried at Heskett Church on ye 2d of September 1710.
Thomas Wells was one of few men about whom Bishop
Nicolson, on his Visitation, in 1703, had a good word to
say: —
The Curate (Mr. Wells) is Regular in his own person ; and keeps
the parishioners in the like Order. He's forced to stand throughout
the whole Service, in the Reading-Desk ; and has neither Gleab nor
House annex'd to his Curacy. He resides on a purchased Tenement
of his own at Sceugh ; about two miles from the Church.2
It appears that once a month he was accustomed to go
to Wreay when " yir Parish Clerk preaches " to the Hesket
people. 3
To this may be appended the following about the
Schoolmaster : —
1692 Church Town John the Son of John Malleson Scholemr. was
bapt. Nov. 2. 4
1. Vide pp. 265, 269.
2. Miscel., p. 93.
3. Nicolson's Diary, Trans (N.S.), vol. iii, p. 9.
4- Hesket Register.
III. KIEKOSWALD.
Dignified with the name of " town," this place lies about
a mile north east of Lazonby up the Raven Valley. The
ruins of a castle, formerly the seat of the Dacre family,
are a conspicuous object, and a college of considerable
importance was once among its attractions. The Church,
a quaint structure, at the foot of a hill, is dedicated to
St. Oswald, and thus gives the name to the place. It is
unique in, at least, one respect : " The campanile or bell-
tower, a low square building containing three bells," ^
stands on the summit of the hill at the bottom of which the
Church is situated. Its Registers, which have been
recently published, date from 1577. The County Histories
are quite disappointing in reference to the Incumbent list.
Nicolson and iiurn give one name only for the years 1561
to 1668, and after the latter date simply add : " George
Yeates, rector of Croglin, had a license to serve this cure,
by way of sequestration in the hands of the bishop, it not
being worth the expence of a presentation under the great
seal." 2 Fortunately the Registers come to our assistance,
though care needs to be taken or they may lead consider-
ably astray. It would appear that where " clerk " or
" clericus " is used, we are to understand a Minister of
some kind or other; but, as the Nonconformist Ministers
of the neighbourhood buried and baptized here it is
necessary to discriminate. The Parish Clerk is distin-
guished by the words " Parish " or " Register." The
following is the list as far as can be ascertained : —
James Shepherd, 1566 — 1577.
According to the Institution Books he was instituted
July 3, 1566. These give " Kirkoswald R. 271i 17s-0 " ;
and again, " Kirkoswald Y. 81i-0-0," the latter being
1. Hist, of Leath Ward, Jefferson, p. 285.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 428.
332 The Ejected of 1662
against the name of '" Jacobus Shepherd." The Registers
record his burial thus : —
Anno Dni 1577 — Shippeard Vicar buryed xth of Maye.
Thomas Carter, 1592—1601.
He was, at least, here in 1592, as the following from
the Registers makes clear : —
Christnyngs Anno Dni 1592. Willm sonne to Sr Thomas Carter
ixth Aprill.
How long he had been here at this time we do not know.
He remained until his death in 1601, the following being
a notice of his burial : —
Thomas Carter Clerke vicar of Kyrkoswald beryed the xvi of Jan.(?)
John Allan, 1607.
In the list of christenings for this year appears the
following : —
Ane daughter to John Allam Clerke bapt the xxviiith of Ffebruarye.
A son " Ffrancis " was baptized Dec. 12, 1609. In 1611,
John Allan appears as Rector of Croglin ; but whether he
had charge also of Kirkoswald is not clear.
Wm. Bewman, 1614.
This name is inserted tentatively on the authority of
the Exchequer Depositions. Unfortunately, the informa-
tion supplied is extremely scanty. Only the name
of the place " Kirkoswald," the date of the Inquisition
" 1614," and the matter in dispute " Manor of Wm.
Bewman, clerk," are given.^ The Bowmans, probably the
same as the Bewmans, appear frequently in the Registers
of this and even earlier dates ; and evidently they were a
family of considerable importance.
WiLLLiM Wilson, 1636.
In the Registers we have the following : —
John sonn to Willm Wilson Clark was buried the 28th of July 1636.
A son, Robert, was baptized April 13th, 1637, and the
daughters, " Jaune and Ann," on Feby. 5, 1639-40.
Foster has the following, which may well refer to the
person in question, as the Wilsons appear to have been
1. Exchequer Dep. 8/c (Record Office).
r
Kirkoswald S33
long connected with Kirkoswald and district : " Wilson
William of Cumberland, pleb. Queen's Coll. matric. April,
1594, aged 16, B.A. 24 April 1599, M.A. 30 June 1602." i
A person of this name was at Haile in 1657. ^
Egbert Milburn, 1647.
Possibly the following from Foster refers to this person :
" Milborne llobert of Cumberland sacerd. fil. Queen's Coll
matric. 21 Nov. 1628, aged 18." ^ Appended are entries
in the Registers as follows : —
1648, March 29 Maria Milborne filia Bob baptizt.
1648 Decemb. 10 Leo. Milborne fils. Robert Clerici sepultus.
1649-50, January — Prizilla Milborne filia Roberti de Kirkoswald
bap.
1650-1 Ffebruary Mr. Robert Milburne de Kirkoswald sepult.
April 1657 2th Grizilla daughter to Mrs. Milburne of Kirkoswld
buryed.
In addition to these the Addingham Registers give the
following : —
Baptism [about 1643] Lewes Milburne son of Robert Milburne.
and the Hay ton Registers note the marriage of Richard
Milburn by Nathaniel Burnand in 1657. *
It is suggested that Robert Milburn was the son of
Leonard of Ousby and Skelton,^ and brother to Thomas,
who matriculated the same day as Robert, took his B.A.
in 1631, and M.A. in 1634.6
The following document is somewhat ambiguous.
Whether the Church v/as vacant or the Minister had only
to be approved by the Commissioners does not appear : —
Kirkoswould. Decembr 21, 1649.
By vertue of an ordr of Parleament of ye Second of May 1646 It is
ordered that the yearely Sume of fifty pounds bee paid out of the
Tithes of the Impropriate rectory of Kerkoswould in the County of
Cumberland Sequestred from Sr. Timothy FetTierstonhaugh Delin-
1. AI. Ox ~
2. Vide p. 831.
3. Al. Ox.
4. Vide p. 287.
5. Vide pp. 387, 479.
6. The Flemings in Oxford, p. 2 and note 10 ; also Al. Ox.
334 The Ejected of 1662
quent for the increase of the maintenance of such Minister as the
Comtee shall approve of to officiate the Cure of the Parish Church
of Kerkoswould aforesaid the present maintenance of the said Church
being not worth above eight pounds per ann. and the Sequestrators
of the premisses are required to pay the same accordingly at such
tymes and seasons of the yeare as the same shall grow due and payable. '
John Davis, 1657.
In the Registers we get the following : —
September 1657 29th Mr. John Davis preacher of the Word att
Kirkoswald and Renwick and Mrs. Anna Ridgeley de Newcastle
marry ed.
Calamy gives an interesting account of this man. He
says that he was born in Worcestershire, " bred at
Oxford," 2 sent by Cromwell to supply places in the north,
settled first at Kirkoswald, where his ministry was very
useful, and afterwards removed to By well in Northum-
berland, which was greatly in want of " a faithful
minister,'' while " Kirkoswald had several." The Uni-
formity Act silenced him at Bywell and he lived for a
time at Weldon, or Walton, about three miles distant,
"where he preaeh'd all the Time of the Severities in K.
Charles's Reign, sometimes in his own House, and some-
times at Sir Wm. Middleton's at Belsay : sometimes at
Mr. Bourflower's at Apperly, and sometimes at other
places." Though of the " Congregational Way," he had
*' a general Hespect from those of different Perswasions.
He was a lover of all good Men, and all good men lov'd
him." In Mr. Henry Hudson of Newbiggin, a Baptist, he
had a warm friend, " who took Care of his Son's Educa-
tion whom he left Fatherless at Five years of age; and
continu'd his kindness to him also after his Entrance on
the ministry." After being silenced he was strongly
urged by an elder brother to conform, and on refusing to
do so was utterly disowned by him. He had a great
affection for his people at Kirkoswald and visited them
frequently ; he took " many painful Journeys over the
Mountains, not regarding the Weather, to the good people
1. Bodl. MS., 326.
2. Fellow of Magd. Coll., Camb., according to Randal (vide Non.
Mem., vol. iii, p. 60).
Kirkoswald 335
in Weresdale and Allendale where he did much good."
On the Declaration of Indulgence he " licensed several
houses and was continually going from place to place to
preach the word." Among his friends he was able to
count " old Sir Wm Blacket of Newcastle." In the
" Conformists Fourth Plea for the Nonconformists," the
author " speaking of some Ministers that to avoid Offence
and Dangers, and to shew poor Souls the Way to Ever-
lasting Life, went under the Protection and Concealment
of the Darkness of the Night and preach'd and pray'd in
Caves and Pits, venturing their Health and Lives to save
Sinners from everlasting Destruction, mentions Mr. Davis
of Cumberland as preaching in one of them, and getting
a Cold that prov'd mortal, leaving six Children to the
Charity of good People, and particularly to the Care of
Mr. Pichard AVilson, a Gentleman of a small Estate, but
of great Piety and Usefulness in the North, and one who
had like to have been ruin'd on the 35th. of Eliz. I
suppose this Mr. John Davis was the Person intended." ^
Calamy further says that he was " a Man of exemplary
Piety and Prudence and dy'd as he had liv'd, with Comfort
and in Peace, in the year 1676, and of his Age 50."
Foster gives quite a number of persons of the name of
John Davis, or Davies, trained at Oxford; but he makes
no attempt to identify any of them with the Kirkoswald
Minister. Quite appropriately Calamy puts the accent
strongly on the sufferings of John Davis. The Cocker-
mouth Church Book throws additional light upon this
matter. The following has been extracted from it: —
The 20th of the said Mo : (being the Lords day) [March 1669—70]
on [one] Mr. Nicholson Teacher of the Ch : abt. Kirkoswald carried
on the worke of the day. After both exercises there was a Collection
for a distressed Minster (one Mr. Jo. Davyes) the Ch : gathered
36s lOd.
In his History of the Cockermouth Congregational
Church, Mr. Lewis prints a letter from George Larkham
which appears in Thomas Larkham's Diary. He heads
it " to the Minister at Crossfield," which was the residence
1. Calamy, vols, ii, p. 518, and iii, p. 684 : Non. Mem., vol. iii, p. 60.
336 The Ejected of 1662
of Eichard Wilson, father of Mary Wilson, and John
Davis's generous and faithful friend. The writer says : —
I recd yrs long since, am glad that or poore mite was acceptable . .
It is comfortable to us to heare That yu reckon not wt yu have
Suffered, That your Spirits are above your losses, wt you write of
being or debtrs as also of yr readinesse to serve us in the same way
of duty and Love, we say, you are not indebted to us at all . . you
may perceive the Fame of yr Sufferings is Spreed abroad, and you
are much upon the hearts of those yt have heard of you, and of yr
losses . . . Fare ye well in the Lord ; and let it be said of Crosefield
Jehovah Shama.
Yr. affectionate Xtian bro.
G. L.
If this were, as Mr. Lewis suggests, sent to a Minister,
John Davis would be the one; but the address is not in
the original, and there is nothing to show that it was meant
for any one but Eichard Wilson and his family. The
date also is slightly illegible, the MS. being somewhat
frayed at this point. All that can be deciphered is " the
31st of the —mo. 71."
It is extremely difficult to follow the ministerial thread
in relation to this district through these years, because
from 1653 onwards there was " a gathered church " of the
" Congregational persuasion," " in and abt Kirkoswald." ^
That phrase occurs several times in the Cockermouth
Congregational Church Book, and is clearly quite inten-
tional. Here as in the case of Cockermouth itself, the
Church was the Church of a district rather than of a
particular place, Kirkoswald, Huddlesceugh, Parkhead,
Melmerby and Eenwick being included ; and, in the
account of John Davis from Calamy just given, it is said
that there were several Ministers. The Cockermouth
Church appointed Brother Benson, the Vicar of Bridekirk,
Brother Blethwaite and Brother Bolton, on Nov. 19, 1653,
" as chosen men to go to ye Chu. gathered in & abt
Kirkoswald at ye ordinaon of their Pastour." Unfortu-
nately the name of the Pastor is not given. On March
26, 1658, the Cockermouth Church again appointed
1. MS. Min. Bk. Cock. Ch.
Kirkoswald 2)2>7
" Brother Benson and Bro. Eaglesfield " to be their
" Messengers " to the Church " about Kirkoswald," in
connection with the ordination of " one of their members
(Mr. John Daviss) as a Teaching elder among them." l
In the next Chapter more will appear in relation to this
gathered Church " in and about Jvirkoswald."
Precisely what happened here on the passing of the
Act of Uniformity is not clear. John Davis had gone
and who succeeded, if any one did so, immediately, has
not been ascertained ; but it will be convenient in this
place to give an account of George Nicholson, who played
a prominent part in the history of Nonconformity in this
district, and, who, if any one, must be regarded as the
Ejected Minister of Kirkoswald.
George Nicholson, 1661.
He was a native of Kirkoswald, his baptismal entry in
the Registers appearing thus : —
1636 George sonn to John Nycholson was bap the xxth of November.
He went to Oxford University and respecting him
Foster gives the following : " Ser' Magdalen Coll. matric
15 June 1657, chorister 1658-61, sometime minister at
Melmerby, at Glassenbury, and Kirkoswald in Cumber-
land; licensed as a ' Congregational minister,' preached at
Huddleskew, until his death 20 Aug., 1697 aged about
60." 2 jje did not proceed to any degree. Calamy's
account of him is full and interesting, and may be sum-
marised thus : — A little before the Bartholomew Act was
passed he came down into Cumberland and took charge
of the Church at Melmerby which Mr. Hopkins resigned
into his hands. By the connivance of Lewis West, who
succeeded Mr. Broadley at Glassenby, he preached for
about a year at Glassenby and Kirkoswald, Mr. West,
then a Prebendary at Carlisle, thinking to " draw him
into Conformity by mildness and fair Promises of the
great things he would do for him." At Kirkoswald a
Curate " set on by others," on one occasion when George
Nicholson was praying before his sermon, " began the
1. Wrongly given as John Jany in Lewis's History, p. 22.
2. Al. Ox.
W
338 The Ejected of 1662
Common Prayer, but ceas'd upon perceiving a general
dislike of it." After the Act which " kept him out of the
Publick Churches unless he Conform'd " he " Preach'd in
private Houses, as opportunity offer'd." At one of his
mee'tings he was surprised by Sir Philip Musgrave, and
^' thereupon the goods of the Master of the House were
Seiz'd and some goods also of Mr. Xicolson's : and they
were forc'd to Pay down the Money which the Law
requir'd." Subsequently a dispute with a Curate, in Sir
Philip Musgrave's presence, led this gentleman to con-
siderably moderate his conduct towards him. He appears
in the Conventicle List of 1669 ; in the Indulgence
Licenses of 1672; and in the Presentments for 1670 —
1678.^ The date of his death has already been given,
and Calamy says : — -
He administred the Lord's Supper, the Lord's Day before and
quoted that Text Luk. 22. 18. which was fulfilled in him, who kept
the next Sabbath in the Upper World. He appear'd more than
brdinarily affected in that Administration, and a flood of Tears almost
stopp'd his Voice ; the cause of which was unknown. He had good
Skill in the Hebrew Tongue, and was a Popular Preacher, and
Instrumental in doing good to many. There is one Sermon of his
extant, in a Book call'd "The Virgin Saint." ^
Bishop ^icolson, writing in 1704, gives the following
respecting the Kirkoswald " Dissenters " and their
Ministers : —
The Church yard [Kirkoswald] is in that ruinous and disjoynted
condition, which is common where many of the parishioners (as the
Case is here) are Dissenters : Who nevertheless are generally willing,
and desireous, to be buryed here. Two of 'em have the following
Inscriptions on their Gravestones. On ye South Side of ye Church : — •
The very Reverend Mr. George Xicholson
late Pastor of the ChurcK at
Huddleskeugh, some time of
Magdalene College, Oxford, changed
this for a better Life, August
20. 1697. Anno Aetatis 60.
1. Vide pp. 1329, 1338, 1367. Giles Nicholson is a mistake in the
Licenses for George Nicholson.
2. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 160.
Kirkos wald 339
As also
Elisha his second son, a youth of most
pregnant parts, departed June 24. the
same year. Anno Aetatis 21.
(This George was Chorister of Magd.
Coll. but never took any
Degree. There are many
of this Surname in the
Parish. )
On the South Side of the Quire : —
Here lies the first born of that name from Crossfield
God grant that place may many such flowers yield.
Her early Budds that place did so perfume.
As tho' her Soul had brought it from the Womb.
No pains she thought too hard God's sacred word to hear.
And when she harrowed it she watter'd it with Tear.
And yet she would complain of her unfruitfulness.
Tho she foretold her death much like a prophetess,
Her dying breath was such as fill'd the Eyes and Ears
Of her Spectators all with joy, and yet with Tears.
As to her Natural parts, her Genius still was such.
What Learning ere she saw, to tak't in was not much.
Her Works behind her left most amply have declar'd
That not unlike she may to Dorcas be compar'd.
She, She, She was most singly set apart
To be the joy of her poor parents heart.
But now she's gone to her eternal Rest,
Amongst the Saints for ever to be Blest.
Upon the Death of Mrs. Mary Wilson, who
was buryed Aug. 4. 1672.
(This girl had not only the honour of this fair Epitaph ; but ye
inspired poets of ye same Congregation with her clubb'd yir Wits in
several Poems in her praise, which they printed under the Title of
The Virgin Saint.) '
With reference to the poems, written in honour of " The
Virgin Saint," Bishop Xicolson is at fault in attributing
them to the " wits " of the " same Congregation." What-
ever opinion may be entertained as to the poetic quality
of the pieces, they were the work of honoured Ministers;
and the fact shows the high place which the Wilson
1. Miscel., p. 117.
340 The Ejected of 1662
family occupied in the regard of the Nonconformists of
that day. Three copies of this exceedingly rare little
book are known to exist. One is in the British Museum,
and two are in the Jackson Library. The contributors
give their initials only, and in one of the Jackson Library
copies are MS. additions to the initials; but they are not
always correct. The following brief summary of Mary
Wilson's life together with some other interesting passages
is extracted from it : —
The Virgin Saint :
or
A Brief Narrative of the
Holy Life, and Christian Death of
Mary Wilson
With some Memorable Passages
and occasional Speeches a little
before her Death added thereunto
To which is also adjoyned
A Sermon,
Preached at her Funeral
by Mr. Geo. Nicolson
Together with
Several Consolatory Letters written
by divers Ministers, to her
Mournful Father, Mr. Richard
Wilson of Crosfield in
Cumberland
London, Printed for Jonathan
Robinson, at the Golden-Lion
in Pauls Church yard, 1673.
To the Christian Readers ; especially to the Members of the
Congregated Churches in Leathward, Cumberland : Assembling for
Publick Worship in their Licensed Places respectively, in Kirkoswald
and Hesket Parishes, by his Majies Most Gracious Permission,
Authority ; and Protection, Grace Mercy, and Peace in Jesus Christ.
This Epistle to the reader is signed " S.A.," given in
the Jackson Library copy as "Atkins " ; but it is almost
certain that it was Simon Atkinson, the Ejected Minister
of Lazonby, still resident in the district. It contains the
following : —
Kirkoswald 341
One would think that no serious Professors of Christianity, were in
any peril of Popery ; yet Quakers are an Artificial product of it
though they know it not.
In the Introduction, among other things, we have a brief
narrative of Mary Wilson, who was born at Crosfield, in
the Parish of Kirkoswald, Nov. 19, 1652. Her father's
name was Richard Wilson, and mother's maiden name
Mary Martendale. When she was about eight years of age
she was attacked by small pox, and Dr. Gilpinwas called in
to see her. About the "9th year of her age a gentleman
coming to her Father's house in Discourse with, her
Father, told him That there was a strong report that the
Parliament was about to put forth An Act for the Banish-
ment of all the Nonconformists in England." She over-
heard this ; and on being asked by her father whether he
should conform, replied " No my Father, though they
should do with you as they did with Mr. I would not
have you conform." There is also an account of her own
experiences given by herself in her 15th year, under date
1667. She tells about hearing Mr. Nicholson on Matt. 7,
21; again on Gen. 17, 1; also Mr. Davis on Mai. 4, 2;
Mr. Nicholson again on Numb. 14, 24, also John 5 " the
latter part of V. 14." Mr. Nicholson was sent for as sbe
lay dying; and it is stated that the doctor and Mr.
Wilkinson sat with her immediately before the end
" between four and five " in the morning of Aug. 3, 1672.
George Nicholson's Funeral Sermon for her was on Luke
12, 40 ; and verses 14 to 18 of Psalm 103 were sung. The
poetic pieces in praise of the deceased are signed by
"M.C."; "Christopher Rickerby School-Master of
Lazonby"; and " G.L." [George Larkham]. In the
volume is a letter ending : " Your unworthy Brother
J.H.
Blacklough
Aug. 27, 1672."
Another lengthy one is "to Mr. Rich. Wilson of Crosfield
after the Death of his dear and only Daughter; upon the
receipt of a Letter of Complaint from him for long Absence
after promise of Presence." It begins thus: — " My very
342
The Ejected of 1662
Dear and Beloved Son in the Faith, through our well-
beloved Saviour."
Signed :
" From Wei den the
25 of the 8th
Month
1672."
" Who is, and ever will
be ready to be a
server of your Faith
and an helper of
your Joy J. D. [avis].
Yet another is signed : —
** Octob. 18. From your Fellow-feeling
1762 [misprint Brother G.L.[arkham]."
for 1672].
It is followed thus : —
Anagr. Mary Wilson
Your Nam' liv's
Dear little Soul, now shrined above in Glory
Though thee we may not See, We'le view by Story ;
Tis true, it is but short, yet sweet, and we
Will chear our selves with this that's left of thee,
When as Elijah hence in Whirlwind flew
He cast a mantle, so hast thou done too :
We'le take it up, there's in it some relief,
By it we may in part wade through our grief,
For thy removal : you are gone we know
But your Nam' liv's and shall with
Saints below.
G. L.
Another : —
per eundem
What ! ripe so soon marvel we not ;
Fruit ripes fast in a Garden plot.
In warm Soyl there good trees will bear
Assoon as planted, the first year.
This little tender, precious tree,
Dropt Mellow-fruit, as you may see.
Here's but a little, loads she bore,
But gathering vessel held no More.
What here you find collected by
A Sobbing Heart, a Weeping Eye ;
(A Father mourning for his loss,
Mary Wilson
In Warm Soyl
Kirkoswald 343
To him th' heaviest outward cross)
Take notice of, use to your good,
Such fruit from young ones is choice food
When old trees fruitless grow, God then
Will raise fruit-bearing Childeren.
You that in Warm Soyl are, 0 mind
What this warm Soul hath left behind.
Good Families and Churches are.
The warmest Soyls i'th world by far.
G. L.
In the Kirkoswald Registers are some Latin verses by
" Georgius Nicolson," probably the Minister in question;
and his burial entry there reads thus : —
1697 Mr. George Nicolson buryed August the 22nd.
Bishop Nicolson adds: —
There's a Third Monumental Inscription preparing for one Dawes;
who (from teaching a few petty boyes and girls at Salkeld-yeats)
advanced to ye profession of a Pastor in ye same way with G.
Nicolson ye Independant.'
George Yates, 1668—1670.
There is an unfortunate gap in the Registers after 1659
to 1685, with the exception of a few odd entries ; but, as
previously stated, George Yates, Rector of Croglin '^
obtained a license to serve this Cure. He died in 1670.
George Sanderson, 1671.
He was at Gainford, Durham, in 1652, and Forcett,
in Richmondshire, in 1661. He wrote freely to Lord
Wharton, and his letters are in the Rawlinson MSS.^ In
one of them he suggests that he would like to succeed
Francis Higginson at Kirkby Stephen, who was " not
likely to return " after his Ejection. Nicolson and
Bum say that, on succeeding George Yates at Croglin,
he had a similar license for Kirkoswald. The arrange-
ment held until 1685, when, for some reason or other,
the Kirkoswald living was sequestered from him.
1. Miscel., p. 118.
2. Vide p. 415.
3. Bodl. Library.
344 The Ejected of 1662
Nicolson, in his Diary under May 13, 1685, thus refers to
the matter : —
A new Sequestration order'd for Kirk-oswald.
25th Serv'd ye Sequestration on Mr. Sanderson at Kirk-oswald ; &
Mr. Rumney put in by ye Sequestrators. 1
John Rumxey, 1685—1738.
He first appears in the Registers thus, though his
license as Curate is dated Oct. 3, 1687 : —
Roberbtus fil Jonis Rumney baptizatus Octobris 10™° 4to. 1685.
He married " Issibell " Sanderson, the daughter doubtless
of his predecessor, in 1681. ^ and probably was serving as
Curate at the time. In addition to Kirkoswald he had
charge of Renwick, until his death in 1738. His burial
is thus recorded : —
1738 The Revd. Mr. Rumney Minister of Kirkoswald & Renwick
Novr 16th.
A person of this name was at Cross Canonby in 1712.^
John Mandeville, 1739 — 1761.
He was instituted in 1739, under a Presentation by the
Great Seal, and remained until his death. His burial
entry is given thus : —
1761 The Revd. Mr. John Mandeville Vicar July ye 19th.
Such would appear to be the list ; but it has to be admitted
that the case is not free from difficulty. Nicolson and
Burn state that the place, not being worth "the expense of a
Presentation under the Great Seal," was successively
served by way of sequestration by George Sanderson, John
Rumney and James Wannop. In 1714 they add that
James Wannop " tendred a presentation under the Great
Seal and was thereupon instituted " ; " in 1719 William
Milner was licensed to be Curate ; so also John Rumney
in 1723 upon whose death, in 1739, John Mandeville was
1. Trans. .(N.S.), vol. i, pp. 29, 30. The Registers give : — "Richardus
Harrison Clericus sepult ffebii 24th ano 1686," though its precise
significance does not appear.
2. Vide p. 330.
3. Vide p. 737.
Kirkoswald 345
instituted." ^ The matter is not clearly put, and appear-
ances point rather in the direction of a continuous ministry
for John Rumney, from 1685 to 1738, the persons named
serving as his Curates. At any rate until further evidence
is forthcoming it must be left thus.^ The Registers give
the following respecting Wannop : —
Mr. Wannup and Mrs. Dor. Towry Aug. 9th, 1719 married.
She was buried Sep. 12, 1747, and is described as "widow."
The baptism also of " Mary the daughter of Wm. Milner
Clerk Sepbr the 27th 1722 " appears in them. To these
must be added the name of Joseph Tangate, Curate, whose
wife " Jannett " was buried on " lObr ye 7 1712." »
The Lowthion or Lowthian family were of considerable
importance in the neighbourhood. There was a George
Lowthion, B. A., who was ordained Deacon Sept. 20, 1668, to
whom Foster refers as follows : — "George Lowthian ' Serv'
S.John of Kirkoswald, Cumberland, pleb. Queen's Coll.,
matric. 14 Dec, 1660, aged 18; B.A. 1665, rector of Whit-
field, Northumberland, 1666.^' In the Kirkoswald Registers
is the following entry : — " Ulrick son of George Lowthion
Clerk baptized September the 2nd 1678." ^ The Lowthion
entries are numerous, the references to George Lowthion
being particularly frequent. Sometimes he appears as
" George Lowthian " ; then " Mr. George Lowthian " ;
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 428.
2. I am inclined to modify the opinion above given and think that
John Rumney removed to Cross Canonby about 1712 (vide p. 737). His
wife " Isabell " died in 1723, and he in 1728. In that case the order
would be the one given by Nicolson and Burn, Wannop, Milner and
Rumney, the latter being second of that name who served here.
3. Can this be "the Schoolmr of Ousby (Tingate) " who on Saturday
Dec. 18, 1708, appeared with "a Title from Mr. Robinson, for Deacon's
orders?" (Nicolson's Diary Trans. (N.S.), vol. iv, p. 43.)
4. Vide Al. Ox. Ulrick was educated like his father at Queen's
matriculating March 29, 1698, at the age of 17, and becoming Rector of
Whitfield, Northumberland, in 1703 ; and Bishop Nicolson says : "Sep.
20. 1702. Ord. Priest Uthred Lowthian formerly (as his Father) of Qu.
Coll. Oxon. design'd by his Cousin ye Patron, to be Rector of Whitfield."
(Trans. (N.S.), vol. ii, p. 181.)
146
The Ejected of 1662
again " George Lowthion gent " ; yet again as " George
Lowthian Clerk " ; and under date 1697 " burialls " we
have the following : — " Ann daughter of parson Lowthion
November the 29." If these all relate to the same
individual, as they probably do, it would appear that
George Lowthion had ceased to be in active service as a
Minister, being resident on his estate at Kirkoswald.^
There are several references also to " Thomas Lowthion
Clerk." A person of this name ministered some time to
the Penruddock Nonconformist congregation. His son,
Samuel Lowthion, became the Minister of the Newcastle
congregation, where Dr. Gilpin formerly laboured, and
he was a leader in the Arian movement of the 18th Century.
1. In the St. Cuthbert's Transcripts, Carlisle, is the following : —
" 1700 Bridgett the daughter of Mr. Creorge Lowthian baptized the 18th
of June."
IV. EENWICK.
This is a considerable village some five miles east of
Lazonby, away in the hill scenery which borders upon
Northumberland and Durham. The Church is dedicated to
All Saints ; and in the days of Pope Nicholas it was rectorial.
In the period with which we are concerned it was a mere
Chapelry, served by a Curate, who appears to have had
charge of Kirkoswald as well. In the account of Kirkoswald^
therefore, will be found all that is known of the men who
held this living. The Historians are silent in reference to
them and the Registers supply no new name. The earliest
Register Book is a small volume containing few entries,
and these are scarcely legible. The first two pages appear
to be occupied with miscellaneous entries of late date, say
about 1680 and 1690. They are written across and cannot
be deciphered. The first page on the second leaf gives the
following : —
A True Account of the Weddings Births and Burials within the
pish of Eenwick since the Year of our Lord God 1649.
The entries are few, only two for 1649, one for 1650; and
the first three pages lead up to 1681. At the end of 1666
are the words : —
Noe Eegestr for Eight years following.
Again at 1675 : —
Noe Regestr again for 5 years following.
I suspect this to be a copy made by a later hand from
older fragments that have perished . The following probably
served this place : — John Davis, George Nicholson ; possibly
the Incumbents of Croglin and Ainstable, more or less;
and certainly John Rumney and others from 1681
onwards. In the Renwick Registers are the following
respecting Rumney's family : —
1681 Tabitha daughter of John Rumney Clerk Bap. March ye 6th.
1683 Anne daughter of John Rumney Clerk bap. Jany. ye 18.
348
The Ejected of 1662
1686 Robert son of John Rumney Clerk Bap. Octobr ye 14.
1691 Margarett daughter of John Rumney Bap. June ye 10.
1694 Isabell daughtr of John Rumney Clerk Bap. Sep. ye 2d.
1697 John son of John Rumney Clerk Bapt. June the 6th.
His marriage with Isabell Sanderson, the daughter prob-
ably of his predecessor, George Sanderson, in 1681 appears
in the Hesket Registers.^ The Rumneys were a consider-
able family in this neighbourhood, entries relating to them
occurring frequently in the Renwick, Kirkoswald and
Ainstable Registers. Under date 1701 is the following : —
"Richard Beckton, Clark, Buried July the 14th."
Judging from the significance of the word " Clerk " in
these Registers it is almost certain that this was a
Minister; but where he laboured is not known, unless he
was John Rumney's Curate.
1. Vide p. 330.
Y. ADDINQHAM.
A parish of considerable extent, including Glassonby
and Gamblesby or Gamlesby, which lies a few miles south
east of Lazonby. The Church is dedicated to St. Michael.
The first volume of the Registers, which is of
parchment, is much wasted by damp. The earliest
decipherable date is March, 1603^. Some pages have
been torn away. The writing is fairly legible, but the
edges in many places have been worn away. The follow-
ing is a list of Incumbents : —
Edward Maplett, M.A., 1591.
He was Kector of Clifton in 1584,^ and in that year
became also a Prebendary of Carlisle Cathedral, remaining
such until his death in 1624. He founded the Free School
at Maughanby.2 The Registers give the following : —
Willyam Maplett the sonne of Edward Maplett vicar of Addingham
was buried the xx daie of October 1608.
.... of Mr. Henry Maeplett the Sonne of Mr. . . . [date about
1621].
There was a Thomas Maplett, M.A., at Edenhall in 1609;*
and at Little Salkeld in 1611.
Thomas Lambert, 1627.
This is a new name and it is only proper to say that the
evidence for it is not decisive. It is supplied by the
following entry in the Registers : —
The Chrestening of Thomas Lambert the sone of Sir Thomas
Lambert of Glassonby the 5th daie of Julije 1627.
The prefix " Sir " was the usual one given to a Minister
about this time; and a person of the name was ordained
Deacon May 23, 1619, and Priest June 11, 1620.
Lewis West, M.A., 1636—1646.
I He belonged to the elder branch of the Wests of Under-
1. Vide p. 1239.
2. Jefferson's Leath Ward, p. 330 note.
3. Vide p. 440.
350 The Ejected of 1662
bank in Hunshelf, near Penistone. Francis West of
Denby, in the same district, appears to have been a member
of the younger branch who were strong Puritans, whilst
the elder were equally pronounced Royalists. Lewis
West married Frances, eldest daughter of Richard Marsh,
D.D., Yicar of Halifax, and on the death of his elder
brother he succeeded to the Underbank estate.^ He was
instituted to Addingham jSTov. 21, 1636, on a Presentation
by the Dean and Chapter, becoming a Prebendary of
Carlisle the same year. Walker, who finds him a place
in his list, says : ■ —
He was a Man of Worth and Learning, Survived the Rebellion,
enjoyed his Preferment again, and was the Only Member of the
Chapter who outlived the Usurpation. 2
He appears in the list of contributors to the Carlisle
garrison in 1644, the amount standing against his name
being £1. 0. 0.^ His Sequestration took place about
1646, and the following documents deal with the matter :
Addingham. ^Nlaij 30. 1646.
Upon the humble peticon of ffrances the wife of Lewes West from
whom the vicarage of Addingham in the Countie of Cumberland is
sequestred. It is ordered that the sd Mrs. West shall have for &
towards the maintennce of her and her children the full cleere 5th pte
of all the tithes rents glebe lands and Easter booke of the sd viccaridge
all taxes and charges first deducted out of the whole) unlesse good
cause be shewn to the contrarie the sd Mr. West and his wife yielding
all due obedience to the said sequestracon The examinacon of wch
cause (if there be any) this Comittee doe refer to the Comittee of
Parliamt. for the Countie of Ciunberland who are desired to hear the
ptes on both sides therein and to call before them and examine the
witnesses that shalbe produced as well for proofe of the sd cause as
on the pte and behalfe of the sd Mrs. West for the satisfying of her
and of the sd paymt of the sd 5th pte & to determine the differences
betweene them or otherwise to certifie the same to this Comittee. 4
Addingham. August 19. 1646.
Upon consideracon had of the peticon of Lancelott Lowther Minister
of Addingham in the Countie of Cumberland this Cotee doe declare
1. Yorkshire Diaries. (Surtees Soc, vol. 65), p. 37, note 2.
2. Walker, part ii, p. 10.
3. Vide p. 134.
4. Add. MSS., Brit. Mus., 15670.
Addingham 351
& order that ffrances the wife of Lewis West from whome the viccar-
age of Addingham aforsd is sequestred shall have the 5th pte of the
»d viccarage from the tyme that the sd Mrs. West did peticon for
the sd 5th pte & not before And that all taxes & charges be first
deducted out of the whole And that the same be paid in money by the
said Mr. Lowther and not in specie wch the Cotee for the said
Countie are desired upon examinacon of pties on both sides Concern-
inge the valine of the sd living to ascertaine to see paid accordinglie. i
Addingham. Maij 29. 1647.
Upon consideracon had of the Peticon of Lancelott Lowther to
whom the vicarage of Addingham in the County of Cumberland is
sequestred This Comittee doe referre it to the Comittee of Parliamt
for the said County or any three of them who are desired to examine
what cause can be shewen why a fift pte of the profitts of the said
vicarage should not be paid to the wife of Mr. West from whom the
same is sequestred callinge before them and Examininge pties and
witnesses on both sides therein concerned and to determine the same
if they can or otherwise to certifie the whole cause to this Comittee
togeather with the valine of the said Liveinge. 2
Addingham. October 19. 1647.
This Comitee doe appoint to heare the Cause betweene Mr. Lowther
to whom the Viccarage of Addingham in the Countie of Cumberland
is sequestred and ffrances the wife of INIr. West from whome the same
is sequestred upon the exaicons Certifi'd from the Cotee of pliamt for
the said Countie on the 21st daie of December next ensueinge whereof
the said Mrs. West is given Convenient notice. 3
Lancelot Lowther, M.A., 1646.
This is an entirely new name, neither Jefferson nor
"Whellan, nor Nicolson and Burn making any attempt to
fill in the gap between Lewis West and William Sill.
To the documents already given the following may be
added : —
Addingham.
Rect. of Addingham. August 19, 1646.
By vertue of an order of both houses of pliamt of the second of I\Iay
last It is ordered that the further sume of 20li be paide out of the
Rent reserved to the Deane & Chapter of Carlile out of the Rectorie
of Addingham in the Countie of Cumberland to & for increase of the
maintenance of Lancelott Lowther, Minister of the pish Church of
1. Add. MSS., Brit. Mus., 15670.
2. Ibid., 15671.
3 Ibid.
352 The Ejected of 1662
Addingham aforesaid the viccarage whereof is worthe but 60li a yeare
And the Sequestrators of the pmisses are required to paie the Same
accordinglie at such times & Seasons of the yeare as the said Rent
shall grow due & payable.'
In the Commonwealth Survey for 1649 he is given as
" Clarke & Viccar " of Little Salkeld, which is the same
as Addingham. 2 From the same source comes the follow-
ing:—
Little Salkeld.
There is pd out of ye Viccaridge of Mr. Lancelott Lowther the
present Incumbent by ordinance of parliamt unto ye wife of Lodwicke
West the fformer viccare of late sequestred and put out for his
delinquencie ye one ffifth pt of the pfitts of ye sd Viccaridge. 3
This same document also states that Frances West,
daughter of Lewis West, in 1638, had leased certain fields
&c. in Little Salkeld.
The reader is referred to Kirkby Thore and Long
Marton, * for a discussion of the difficulty experienced in
relation to the two Lancelot Lowthers, who appear to
have been settled in these parts at the same time. The
theory there advanced is put forth with some diffidence,
but assuming its soundness the following in relation to
the present Lancelot Lowther may be accepted as correct.
He was the sixth son of Sir Christopher Lowther, who was
the second son of Sir Eichard Lowther, grandfather of
Lancelot Lowther of Kirkby Thore. The two Lancelots
would, therefore, be cousins. Lancelot Lowther of Adding-
ham married Esther Pearce of Dublin. The difficulty in
the case of the Lowthers has been largely created through
Nicolson and Burn assigning the Addingham Lowther to
Long Marton. This appears to be quite a mistake. It
should be noted that the statement of Nicolson and Burn
is halting and uncertain. The next Incumbent [at Long
Marton] they say " seems to have been Lancelot Lowther."
They also state that when he died in 1661, assuming bim
1. Bodl. MS., 323.
2. Vide p. 1299.
3. Lambeth MSS. — Surveys, vol. ii.
4. Vide pp. 1150, 1165.
Addingham 353
to be the Long Marton Rector, lie was very old, his father
having died 54 years previously at the age of 77 years.
As appears later it was the other Lancelot who died in
1661, and he could not have been excessively old : for his
widow " Sarah," not " Esther," states in her petition that
he had left her with " 7 young children all unprovided
for." According to Foster he took his B.A. degree in
1614, and where he had been previous to his appointment
to Addingham in 1646, we do not know. It is extremely
interesting to find a Lowther replacing Lewis West; and
the fact shows how little ground there is for the statement
frequently made that the policy of the Commonwealth was
to suppress and eject the Episcopalian Minister as such.
For however much Lancelot Lowther may have modified
his position there is no reason to think that he was other
than an Episcopalian.
John Billingsley, M.A., 1653.
He was the son of Thomas Billingsley of Chatham,
Kent, matric. July 8, 1642, at Exeter Coll. at the age of
17, admitted to St. John's Coll., Cambridge, Sept. 21,
1644, graduated B.A. 1648, was incorporated from Corpus
Christi, Oxford, April 24, 1649, and proceeded M.A.
April 28, 1649, Fellow by the Parliamentary Visitors in
1648 (incorporated at Cambridge 1652).^ Calamy, who
says that he was born Sept. 14, 1625, states that " he was
solemnly ordain'd to the Ministry Sept. 26, 1649, in the
Church of St. Andrew, Undershaft, in London. While he
was at Oxford, he Preach'd frequently in the Adjacent
Places, and at length had a Call into one of the remote,
and dark Corners of the Land to Preach the Gospel, which
he did painfully at Addingham in Cumberland. He
found the People very Ignorant, and therefore set upon
Catechizing and was one of the Association for reviving
the Scriptural Discipline of particular Churches, of which
the World has had an account in Print." The reference
here is, of course, to the Association of Cumberland and
Westmorland Ministers. John Billingsley joins in the
letter of 1653 to Richard Baxter, in reference to this
1. Al. Ox.
X
354 I'he Ejected of 1662
matter ; and is there described as " Minister of Adding-
ham." 1 When he left Addingham is not clear, but he
removed to Chesterfield in Derbyshire, whence he was
ejected. Possibly the foreshadowings of Ejection are to
be seen in the following from the Calendar of State
Papers : for at this time all over the country the men who
held Commonwealth appointments in the Church began
to feel the uncertainty of their position.
Sep. 17. 1659.
John Billingsley, vicar of Chesterfield, and Mr. Clud [Child ( ?)]
Minister of Alfreton, to attend Council the 2nd Wednesday in Oct.
next to answer Charges of misdemeanor objected against them and
Mr. Newton, Mayor of Chesterfield, to send them a copy of this order
at least 10 days before that time,
ditto.
Pres. Salway to Wm. Newton, Mayor of Chesterfield,
Council has received your letter concerning the miscarriage of Mr.
Billingsley and Mr. Child, Ministers, and approves your care. They
desire you to see that both are summoned to attend Council, according
to the inclosed order, and if you have power as a J. P., you are to take
evidence on oath about their affairs from any that know them (or else
. some Justices of the Peace that have the power are to do it) and you
are to report to us speedily .2
Calamy gives a lengthy account of John Billingsley,^
and states that a son of the same name was Pastor of a
Church at Hull for some time, and afterwards at London,
where he died in Charterhouse Yard ; and that a grandson
similarly named had charge of a congregation at Dover
at the time of his writing. John Billingsley, senior, died
May 30, 1683.
Daniel Broadley, 1660.
Respecting this person Calamy has the following in his
1713 Edition, the one used throughout this work: —
Adingham : Mr. Daniel Broadley. That was his right Name. And
whereas I before had mention'd Mr. Broadley of Glassenby I have
1. Eel. Bax., p. 164.
2. Cal., S. P. for 1659—69, pp. 204, 205.
3. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 169 ; vol. iii, p. 233.
>
Addingham 355
since been given to understand that Glassenby is a Toun in Adingham
Parish, where one Mr. Croxall was at that time, who Conform'd.'
Palmer in his 1775 Edition, omits the foregoing and
simply has : "Addingham. Mr. Daniel Broadley."^ j^
his 1802 Edition, Palmer says: —
It is queried whether this place be not in the West Riding of
Yorkshire.*
Here, as frequently elsewhere, Calamy is correct and his
reviser at fault. There is no room for even the faintest
shadow of a doubt about the identity of the place. Un-
fortunately we know little of Daniel Broadley beyond
what is given above. The Addingham Registers, how-
ever, have the following : —
The Weding of Mr. Robertt Bartram Minister of Croglen and Mistres
Martha Broadley daughter of Mr. Daniell Broadley Minister of this
pish Aprill ye 23rd 1657.
Levstis West, M.A., 1661—1668.
It has already been stated that the Restoration brought
the return of Lewis West to Addingham. He was also
collated to Great Salkeld,^ April 22nd, 1661, and still
further rewarded with the Archdeaconry of the Carlisle
Diocese. The following entries relating to his family
appear in the Addingham Registers : —
Chresteninge of Thomasyne West daughter of Mr. Lewis West of
Salkeld 1642.
. . . 1643 . . . Weste daughter of Mr. Lewis Weste of Salkeld
Buried .... July.
Baptism (?).... of Mr. Lewis Weste of Salkeld Maye ye 5th
1644.
Lewis West died in 1668.
William Sill, M.A., 1668—1673.
He was instituted Sept. 26, 1668, on a Presentation by
the Dean and Chapter. " In the year 1678," write
Nicolson and Burn, " he commenced a suit in chancery
1. Calamy, vol. ii, p. 159.
2. Non. Mem., vol. i, p. 296
3. Ibid. p. 377.
4. Vid§ pp. 177, 361
356 The Ejected of 1662
against the dean and chapter, which by the mediation of
bishop Eainbow was compromised; and a lease of the
tithes of Little Salkeld was granted by the dean and
chapter in augmentation of the vicarage." i This
reads as if William Sill were still at Addingham, but he
had removed to Bromfield in 1673. ^ He was one of the
Prebendaries of the Cathedral and resigned that position
in 1681 to become Prebendary of Westminster.
Henry Aglionby, 1674 — 1697,
He was instituted April 28, 1674, and was the second
son of John Aglionby of Carlisle, and younger brother of
the Recorder of the City. He received his early training
at Sedbergh, whence he went to St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, entering there in 1666, at the age of 17 years.
He added to his Addingham living, in 1691, that of
Bowness, Cumberland,^ and died in 1697. His great
uncle Dr. J. Aglionby, Principal of St. Edmund Hall,
Oxford, and Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, was one of the
translators of the New Testament.*
Thomas Ne Vinson, B. A., 1697.
He was at IJldale in 1684,^ and was instituted to
Addingham Oct. 18, 1697, on a Presentation by the Dean
and Chapter of Carlisle, being inducted two days after-
wards. The Haile Registers contain the following note
of his marriage : —
1690 Thomas Nevinson and Grace Nicolson M[arried].
This was Bishop Nicolson's sister. In the Wetheral
Registers we have the marriage entry, of possibly a
daughter, or sister, of Thomas Nevinson in the following
terms : —
1708 Mr. William Eobley & Margaret Nevinson Mar. ffeb. ye 17.
The Nevinsons would appear to have been a prominent
family in Carlisle at this time. The following occurs in
the St. Mary's Church Registers, Carlisle: —
1. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 451.
2. Vide p. 641.
3. Vide p. 604.
4. Sedbergh School Register, p. 88.
5. Vide p. 557.
I
Addingham 357
Baptism
Abbey Street Stanwix ye Son of Mr. William Nevinson bapt. ye
25. [Jany 1701-2.]
Thomas Nevinson was subsequently at Torpenhow.^
William Nicoi^on, M.A., D.D., 1698—1702.
He was previously at Torpenhow and Great Salkeld,^
and was instituted to Addingham on February 2, 1698-9
on the same Presentation. The Addingham Registers
give the following respecting his Induction : —
^ Feby 11. 1698-9 Mr. Wm. Nicolson Archdeacon of Carlisle was (by
vertue of a mandate from ye Lord Bishop of Carlisle) inducted into
the vicarage of Adingham by me
Nath. Spooner vicar of Kirkland
in the presence of
Cha. Smalwood
William Clarke
Mathew Hodgson
Mathew Hodgson.
William Nicolson resigned Addingham in 1702 to become
Bishop of Carlisle.
John Christopheesox, M.A., B.D., 1702 — 1758.
He was of St. John's College, Cambridge, taking his
B.A. in 1695, M.A. 1700, S.T.B. 1708. He was instituted
July 10th, 1702, and inducted the following day by
William Lindsey, Hector of Melmerby.^ Bishop Xicolson
in 1704, speaks of his " worthy Successor " in terms of
high praise,* He died in 1758.
1. Vide p. 582.
2. Vide pp. 362, 582.
3. So the Addingham Registers : vide also Nicolson's Diaries, Trans.
<N.S.), vol. ii, p. 170.
4. Miscel., p. 122.
YI. GEEAT SALKELD.
Great Salkeld is a village about four miles south of
Lazonby. The Church is dedicated to St. Cuthbert. The
earliest Register Book is a small, long, narrow paper
volume in which the following appears : —
A full and perfect Register of all Births, Weddings and Burials in
the parish of Gt. Salkeld from and after ye 30th day of Aprill A.D.
1695. In pursuance of a late Act of Parliament.
As late as 1831 there was an earlier volume containing
births, marriages and burials from 1583 to 1717; but this
has disappeared. Of the earlier Registers only a mere
fragment remains, a single parchment leaf, with
promiscuous entries for the years 1571 — 1573. The
Churchwardens' Accounts consist of loose papers, dating-
back, in some cases, to 1587. From the earliest times
until about sixty years ago, the living was an appendage
to the Archdeaconry of Carlisle. The following is the list
of Incumbents : —
Edwaed Threlkeld, M.A., LL.D., 1567— 1588 (?).
He was born at Burgh-by-Sauds about 1526, and
admitted a Scholar of King's College, Cambridge, Aug. 11,
1544, and a Fellow Aug. 12, 1547. He graduated B.A, in
1548, M.A. in 1552 and LL.D. in 1562. On March 11,
1567-8, he was collated to Great Salkeld and the Arch-
deaconry of Carlisle. In the "Athense Cantabrigienses "
it is stated that he was at Greystoke in 1571 ; but that
would appear to be an error. He compounded for the
First Fruits of Great Salkeld in 1568 : for the Prebend
of Cublington in 1571 ; and for the Yicarage of Tenbury,
Hereford , 1573. About 1583 he exercised Episcopal
jurisdiction in the Diocese of Hereford, the Bishop, John
Scory, being superannuated. Whether Edward Threlkeld
was non resident in relation to his Cumbrian livings is
not certain, though appearances point strongly in that
direction. Nor is it known whether he held these livings
until his death, which took place in 1588. His Will,
Great Salkeld 359
dated June 22, 1588, was proved Nov. 16, 1589. In it he
refers to " Thomas Threlkelde bayliffe of Burghe by
Sandes" ; also to "Sr. Eichard Thomas my curate of
Chewton." Doubtless he belonged to the Threlkelds of
Melmerby.^
Henry Dethick, M.A., D.C.L., 1588—1597.
He was the son of Sir Gilbert Dethick, Grarter King of
Arms, and was educated at Oxford where he graduated
B.A. Feb. 16, 1568-9; M.A. June 14, 1572; B.C.L. July 2,
1578; and Sup.D.C.L. Dec. 6, 1581. He was Master of
Greetham Hospital, Durham, and subsequently became
Archdeacon and Chancellor of Carlisle, as well as Rector
of Great Salkeld. He retained the Chancellorship after
resigning Great Salkeld, and died in 1613 at the age of
67 years. 2
Richard Pilkington, M.A., D.D., 1597—1599.
Foster instances a person of this name from Emmanuel
College, Cambridge, supplicating for incorporation with
Queen's College, Oxford, in 1599, whom he supposes to
have been the Rector of Great Salkeld. He was Rector
of Hambledon, Bucks., in 1595; Archdeacon of Leicester
in 1625 ; and Treasurer of Lichfield Cathedral, 1625-8.
He died in Sept. 1631, and was buried in the chancel of
his Church. ^
Giles Robinson, M.A., D.D., 1599—1602.
He was brother to Henry Robinson, who was Bishop of
Carlisle, and who collated him to the living. Giles Robinson
resigned in 1602, and became Ticar of Crosthwaite, Cum-
berland.*
Nicholas Deane, M.A., 1602—1604.
His other appointments were Warcop, Bromfield and
Ousby, &c. ^
George Warwick, M.A., 1604—1621.
It would appear that he held Melmerby as well as Great
1. Ath. Cant., vol. ii, pp. 42, 544; Great Salkeld, its Kectors and
History, by A. G. Loftie, p. 40.
2. Al. Ox.
3. Ibid.
4. Vide p. 648.
5. Vide pp. 387, 638, 1123.
;6o
The Ejected of 1662
Salkeld and the Archdeaconsliip. He was a native of
Cumberland, and matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford,
June 14, 1582, at the age of 16, taking his B.A. Dec. 8,
1586, and M.A. June 9, 1589. He became Fellow in
1593, and was Rector of Simondsburne in IS^orthumber-
land in 1597-9. For members of the Warwick family
the reader is. referred to the accounts of Brampton, Bow-
ness, Morland and Beaumont.^
Egbert Wright, 1621.
Almost certainly the person of that name who appears
at Stanwix in 1616. ^ He remained at Great Salkeld only
about a year. He is not in Jefferson's list of Archdeacons
of Carlisle.^.
Isaac Sixgletox, M.A., 1622—1643.
He was collated by Bishop Milburn Jan. 15, 1622, the
place being given as " Silkelde als Salkelde Maga." For
an account of him the reader is referred to Crosthwaite,
Cumberland.^ His son, Richard Singleton, was at Mel-
merby.^
Peter Wextworth, M.A., D.D., 1645— 1660 (?).
He was the son of Thomas Wentworth of Oxford, and
related to the Earl of Strafford. He matriculated at
Magdalen Hall, Oxford, March 13, 1617-18, at the age of
16; became Fellow of Balliol and B.A. June 8, 1621; was
incorporated at Cambridge in 1623 ; took his M.A. Dec. 14,
1624; B.D. Trinity Term, 1631, and his D.D. July 16,
1633. He became Rector of Riseholme in Lincolnshire, in
1633, and was Dean of Armagh from 1637 to 1641. The
Ulster Rebellion in 1641 necessitated his flight from
Ireland; and his appointment to the Archdeaconry of
Carlisle and the Great Salkeld living followed. Whether
lie was resident is not clear, still less is it whether he held
these appointments until the Restoration. He was, how-
1. Vide pp. 250, &c.
2. Vide p. 189.
3. Hist, of Carlisle, p. 254; Great Salkeld, &c., p. 57.
4. Vide p. 649.
5. Vide p. 384.
Great Salkeld 361
ever, in charge of Buriton in Hampshire, in January,
1658. Mr. Loftie says: — "At the Restoration, reinstate-
ment in his former deanery or an Irish Bishopric was
■offered to him, but he declined to return to Ireland, and
accepted only the rectory of Haseley, in Oxfordshire." He
died at Bath July 22, 1661, at the age of 60; and was
buried in the Abbey Church. A brass plate there bears
the following inscription : —
Petrus Wentworth S.T.P. Patriciorum proles, doctrinae maritus.
Summus Hyberniae decanus, Angliae praeconium primns.
Ob. 22 Jul. 1661.'
Lewis West, M.A., 1660—1667.
He compounded for his First Fruits in 1660 and held
the living of Addingham as well, where an account of him
appears.-
John Peachall, D.D., 1667-8.
He was of Magdalen College, Cambridge, graduating
S.T.B. in 1661 and S.T.P. in 1680. He was collated to
Oreat Salkeld Nov. 28, 1667, and was also Prebendary of
Carlisle. He resigned, however, the following year and
" returned to Cambridge, where he was chosen Master of
Magdalen College, and yice-Chancellor of that Univer-
sity." 3
Thomas Musgrave, M.A., D.D., 1668—1682.
He was granted '' letters dismissory on February 25,
1660-1, being then B.A." * and was collated to the dual
position Nov. 23, 1668. He was the sixth son of Sir
Philip Musgrave, and entered Queen's College, Oxford,
as Commoner, Dec. 15, 1656, matriculated March 10,
1656-7, took his B.A. July 26, 1659, M.A. May 5, 1662,
and was created B.D. and D.D. Oct. 10, 1685. He was
Rector of Whitburn in Durham, in 1675, being also Canon
of Durham Cathedral, and of Chichester in 1681. He
was, therefore, a very considerable Pluralist. Thomas
1. Al. Ox. ; Great Salkeld, &c., p. 62 .
2. Vide p. 355.
3. Jefferson's Hist, of Carlisle, p. 264.
4. Episcopal Eegister.
362 The Ejected of 1662
Musgrave's first wife was the daughter of Sir Thomas
Harrison of Allerthorp, Yorkshire. She died in 1677^
and lies in the Musgrave burial place at Edenhall. His.
second wife was Anne, daughter of Sir John Cradock of
Richmond, Yorkshire. Bishop Nicolson, writing in 1704,
says that the parsonage was left in " a ruineous and Nasty
Condition by Archdeacon West" ; but that his "immediate-
predecessor Mr. Tho. Musgrave afterwards D.D. and Dean
of Carlile," had " repair'd it handsomely, and at a Con-
siderable Charge."^ Mr. Loftie says : —
We can tell the exact date of this much-needed restoration from a
stone door lintel, which was found by the present rector [1900], built
into an outhouse wall. This stone has now been inserted into the-
front wall of the Rectory, over the modern entrance door. It has
carved upon it, in raised letters, the initials of the rector and his
wife, "T. and M.M." with the figures 1674 below. ="
In 1682 Thomas Musgrave resigned his Cumberland'
appointments; but in 1684 he returned to his native-
County on being made Dean of Carlisle. He died March
28, 1686, and was buried in Durham Cathedral.^
William Nicolson, M.A., D.D., 1682—1702.
He was the son of Joseph Nicolson, for some while-
Rector of Plumbland, his grandfather being Joseph
Nicolson of Averas Holme, near Carlisle, and his grand-
mother Radigunda Scott of Stanwix. He appears to have
been of Scotch descent.* William Nicolson's mother was
Mary, fourth daughter of John Brisco of Crofton; and it
was Susannah Brisco, sister to John, whom Richard Gilpin
had married. Dr. Gilpin's son, William, a distinguishei
lawyer, and for some years Recorder of the City of Carlisle,,
would therefore be closely related to Bishop Nicolson ; and
in reference to the latter Mr. Jackson says : " He thought
it not unbecoming to manifest to one so much respected as
Gilpin his usual dictatorial, if not acrimonious humour." ^'
1. Miscel., p. 124.
2. Great Salkeld, &c., p. 68.
3. Al. Ox.
4. Vide p. 371. A pedigree of the family appears in vol. i, p. 48, of
the Trans. (N.S.).
5. Gilpin Memoirs, edited by Wm. Jackson, F.S.A., p. 15, note.
Great Salkeld ^,6^
Mr. Loftie states that William Nicolson was " born June
3rd, 1655, but it is not known for certain where, most
likely at Plumbland, his father, Joseph Isicolson, having
been rector there till his death in 1686. We cannot find
the register of his son, William's birth, as the registers
of that parish, unfortunately, do not go back so far. The
* History ' of Xicolson and Burn is plainly wrong when it
says that he was born at Orton, as his father was never
rector there, nor does his name occur in the registers which
are in existence from 1568." ^ Two or three errors appear
in that passage. Joseph Xicolson, for example, was not
continuous Rector of Plumbland until his death. That
living was in other possession from about 1648 to the
Restoration. Nor is Mr. Loftie correct in saying that
Joseph Nicolson was never at Great Orton. He certainly
was there in 1657 ;2 and Nicolson and Burn are right
in claiming that as William Nicolson's birthplace. It is
no surprise that his name cannot be found in the Registers
of Great Orton, because a gap occurs in them from 1627
to 1665, occupied only by two bits of parchment, very
imperfectly kept. Hutchinson also correctly gives Orton
as the place of his birth and states that he was " the son
of the rector of that parish." ^ William Nicolson's early
education was obtained at Dovenby School, near Bride-
kirk, whence he went to Queen's College, where he matri-
culated, July 1, 1670, at the age of 15. He graduated
B.A. Feb. 23, 1675-6, was Fellow and M.A. in 1679, and
became D.D., by Diploma, June 25, 1702. He was fortu-
nate in the friendship of Sir Joseph Williamson, who,
early in Nicolson's career, proved also to be a generous
patron. In 1671 Nicolson's father writes as follows: —
Honoured Sr.
As it hath pleased God to advance yu to an eminent trust in the
management of the publiq affaires of this nation, so it hath pleased
him also to give yu (which is the greater mercy) a large heart, which
inclines yu to lay out yor interest for the advancement of piety and
1. Great Salkeld, &c., p. 73.
2. Vide p. 230.
3. Hutchinson, vol. ii, p. 634.
'M
The Ejected of 1662
learning, especially in those places, to which yu have had any fornrr
relation, whereof as I have had frequent & credible reports, so I have
now comfortable experience, by your late bounty to my sonne, once a
scholar at Dovenby, now a student in Queen's Colledge. For which
undeserved kindnesse, I desire and shall allwayes, indeavor to expresse
my gratefullnesse. And though I cannott requite, God will reward
your charity. But if eyther yor selfe or any of your relations in these
parts have any occasion or opportunity to make use of mee, I shall bee
ready to expresse my Selfe, as I am obliged to bee (Sr)
Yor very gratefull, affectionate
Plumland Jun.
13. 1671.
[Outside]
plumbland 13th
June. E. 17th 71.
Jos. Nicholson.'
& humble Servant
Jos. Nicholson.
For his Honoured friend
Joseph Williamson Esq.
At Whitehall
London these.
In 1678 Sir Joseph sent him " to Leipsick in order to
get acquainted with the high Dutch and other septen-
trional languages. Here he translated an essay of Mr.
Hook's towards a proof of the motion of the earth from
the sun's parallax, out of English into Latin, which was
there printed by the professor who put him upon it." ^
His first living was at Torpenhow, in Nov. 1681, when he
became at the same time a Prebendary of the Cathedral;
and the following year he received in addition the Great
Salkeld living along with the Archdeaconship. In 1698
he relinquished Torpenhow and obtained Addingham.^
" In 1702," write Nicolson and Burn, " on the eve of
Ascension day he was elected bishop of Carlisle, confirmed
June 3, and consecrated June 14 at Lambeth; which
promotion was obtained by the interest of the house of
Edenhall." *
Among his friends he numbered Thoresby, the anti-
quarian, who thus writes of him : —
This year 1690, also began my correspondence with the Rev. Mr.
Nicholson, then archdeacon, and since Bishop of Carlisle, a most
1. S. P. Dom. Car. ii, vol. 290, No. 202.
2. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 293.
3. Vide p. 582.
4. Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii, p. 294.
i
Great Salkeld 365
learned and ingenious antiquary, from whom I have received many
instructive letters upon those subjects, and in return communicated
some matters that were not unacceptable to his Lordship.i
As intimated by Thoresby, Bishop Nicolson was as keen
an antiquarian as bimself, and the letters which passed
between them kept well to this domain. Rarely did they
touch upon Church matters, though Thoresby, as a IS'on-
conformist, was a very moderate one. In one letter,
however, dated from Westminster, Dec. 22, 1702, Nicolson
has one or two personal items of interest. Referring to
Thoresby's letter, which evidently was dated June 3, he
says : —
This date is of more Concern to me than perhaps any other man.
I was born on June 3. 1655, married the very day this letter was
penned, June, 3. 1636, and confirmed Bishop June 3. 1702. 2
Thoresby's letters and diaries tell also a very interesting
story of an attempted love match in which Nicolson
played a prominent part. "A Cumberland gentleman
Esquire Salkeild," of Torpenhow, wished to arrange a
marriage with Thoresby's sister in law, the daughter of
Mrs. Sykes. The two chief difficulties seem to have been
religion and the impoverished condition of the Squire's
estate. Thoresby was commissioned to go peregrinating
through Cumberland with a view to enquiries, and among
those whom he visited was George Larkham. Under date
Sept. 20, 1694, he says: —
[At Whitehaven]
Honest ilr. Atkinson, the ship master, who wrote an obliging
letter, to recommend us to Mr. Larkham, for further instructions
about Mr. Salkeld, though little expectations of success.
Sept. 21.
We rode to Tallentire to consult Mr. Larkham, the Nonconformist
Minister, to whom Mr. Atkinson recommended us, (son to a good old
Puritan, some of whose works are in print) about Mr. S. but received
the strongest reasons imaginable against it, and not fit to be com-
municated but to very choice friends concerned ; he walked with us to
Mr. Fletcher's, Copper Grove, where they are beginning to mine for
1. Thoresby's Diaries, vol. i, p. 196.
2- Thoresby's Letters, vol. i, p. 428.
366 The Ejected of 1662
the mineral ore which abounds in this County ; thence, after a
consultation, we rode over the Moors directly, to Esquire Salkeild's,
who being all abroad at Bothal &c about the harvest, we were under
a necessity to comply with them and thankfully accept a night's
lodging, though against my inclination, because foreseeing a rupture
&c.'
He speaks about " honest Parson Robinson of Plumb-
land " who " prayed and preached very affectedly and well
from Luke x. 42." At dinner he " enjoyed the modest
parson's good company," and tells about an affecting leave
taking with him " Parson Holmes " and others.
Nicolson who was then Archdeacon, and who had the
living of Torpenhow, was a warm advocate of this match.
He says he hopes to have the pleasure of seeing Thoresby
at Leeds when he accompanies his " honest parishioner
on so good an errand;" and throughout writes with the
strength and passion of a man greatly interested in the
case. In reference to the religious difficulty, Nicolson
has one or two passages, which are an interesting index
to his character, and their naivete is quite charming. He
says : —
I must do the young lady and her mother the justice as to own that
the whole family [Salkeld] are Conformists. The old gentleman is as
zealous a Protestant in opposition to Popery, as your mother-in-law
can wish for ; and I dare undertake for him that neither she nor her
daughter shall find any reason to complain of his bigotry any farther.
Only, she must give me leave to hope that I may be allowed to
endeavour to bring both her and her daughter to their parish church
(together with the rest of their relations) where I shall be so happy
as to have them within the verge of my Cure. [He was then at
Torpenhow.] I do faithfully promise them that they shall not be
railed at, neither in the church nor at home, if I cannot fairly prevail
with them. The women I am sensible must be tenderly dealt with as
weaker vessels, notwithstanding the passionate Concern that you and
I, as antiquaries may have for the primitive discipline of our Church.
Later he says that he has had : —
Occasion to discourse the old gentleman himself and can now peremp-
torily engage for him that in case this treaty goes forward, he shall
not press either your mother-in-law or her daughter to any compliance
in religious worship. But still I must be allowed to prevail with them,
if I can do it fairly.
1. Diaries, vol. i, pp. 270, 273.
Great Salkeld 367
All this notwithstanding Thoresby enters in his Diary
under date Sep. 29, 1694, that after discoursing with
relations and others in reference to the concern he is
■" writing to Esquire S. to prevent any further proceeds." ^
Bishop Nicolson and Dr. Todd were the two men upon
whom Walker mainly depended for information, in
reference to Cumberland when compiling his " Sufferings
■of the Clergy." Their communications, which were some-
what lengthy, are among the Walker MSS. in the Bodleian
Library, and, as they are most illuminating in many ways,
they are printed here in extenso : —
Westmr.
Sr Jan. 27. 1704/5.
In the beginning of this week, I had your Letter in one from Mr.
Clavel ; who is now confined with the gowt. I have assur'd him,
that, as soon as I return to my Diocese, I will endeavour to procure
Such Answers to your Queries as may be to your Satesfaction. My
Father was one of those that were ejected by the Rump- Visiters, his
Crime being his Serving the King (before he was in Orders) under the
Command of Sr Philip Musgrave. When, on the Restoration of K.
Charles the Second, he recover'd his parsonage, the Usurper (who had
«njoyd the Liveing about a dozen years, complain'd of persecution ;
and may now, for anything I know, make one of Mr. Calamy's
Confessors ; His name was Gawin Eglesfield ; an illiterate fellow,
that had not so much Learneing as would honestly qualify him to be
an Usher in a Country-Schole.2
A friend of mine is about to publish a short List of our English
Deans with the Date of their Several Instalments, Removals, or
Obits : And wants such a Catalogue of those of Exeter. If you can
speedily furnish me with such an one 'twill be very obliging. I
suppose this Session of Parliament may continue about three weeks ;
and so long a Letter directed to Mrs. Real's in the Old Palace-yard
at Westminster will come safe to Sr
Your affectionate Brother
W. Carliol.
Since I wrote my Letter Mr. Clavel has sent me a bundle of your
Queries ; of wch I will take effectual Care ; if God continues my Life,
Health and peace in the Borders — I have also another of your Letters
from Mr. Dean of Exeter. 3
1. See Thoresby's Diaries in two vols ; also Letters in two vols.
2. Yet he was an Oxford graduate, vide p. 587.
3. Walker MSS., C. 2, No. 109.
368
The Ejected of 1662
Aug. 6,
Sr 1705
I had your Letter by the last post ; and, in answer to it, can assure
you that I have been far fro being unmindful of Mr. Walker's
Queries. I got 'em despers'd by Mr. Chancr. at his Visitation; And
I have had several considerable Returns (one particularly, very home
upon Mr. Calamy) which I design, God willing, to bring up with me
at ye next Session of Parliament. My Diocese is but of a small
extent, not exceeding a hundred parishes ; and perhaps this Comer
of Our Kingdome was not so nicely sifted as ye rest. If there be need
for hastening our Contributions (small as they are) upon the first
notice they shall be speeded by Yr humble Sert.
W. Carliol.i
[This was sent to Clavel, Walker's publisher, who was collecting
the information.]
Rose, Aug.
Sr 20, 1705.
The Account you are pleas'd to give me of Mr. Fulman's Collec-
tions is very obligeing. If there be any Notes in these that relate
to the Diocese of Carlile, or that either Correct or enlarge upon what
Goodwin has said of the Bishops of this See I shall be thankful for
any short Abstract of 'em.
Upon consulting of A. Wood's Catalogue of the Priors, Deanes &c.
of my own Cathedral (in Fol. 262 of ye Collection to which you
kindly refer me amongst the Oxford MSS) I found his Lists so very
lame and defective that I durst not depend upon what Reports he
made from other Churches. I am sure, my friend (for whose use I
gave you and others the trouble of makeing your late Searches) will
rectify a great many Mistakes in the Athenae Oxonienses; which
must be suppos'd to agree with these MS. Catalogues.
I took care (in performance of my promise to have your Queries
despers'd by my Chancellour at his last Summer's Visitation : And
there are some Returns made which I shall (God willing) bring with
me to London at the next Session of Parliament. There's one of
these which very particularly confutes the false Account which Mr.
Calamy has given to the pretended hardships that were put upon
the ejected Rector of Greystock, who was indeed an Intruder, and
on Another who (before ye Restoration) never pretended to handle a
Text, tho. that Author makes him likewise one of his Confessors.
You may also expect a List of those Dignitaries of this Church that
SufTer'd (as some of 'em did very severely) in the generall Overthrow.
I am
For the Revd Mr. Walker Sr
Rector of St. Mary's Your very affectionate
in Exeter. Bro. W. Carliol.2
1. Walker MSS., C. 2, No. 111.
2. Ihid., C. 2, No. 113.
I
Great Salkeld 369
Rose, Sep.
Sr 20, 1705.
I am oblig'd to you for the kind care you are pleas'd to take in
procureing for me those helps that may be had from Mr. Fulman's
papers, towards the illustrateing ye History of this Diocese ; which
has long been part of my Study, and is like to continue so as long
as I live.
By God's Assistance, I hope to be in London about the opening of
the Parliament ; and I shall bring with me such Accounts as my
Clergy have return'd, in Answer to your Queries. They are not
many. But some of 'em will be thought very pertinent. In forty
years time the Eemembrance of those Oppressions is (in many places)
quite vanish'd ; and I wish ^Ir. Calamy had given no occasion for
rakeing together out of ye Ashes those few Shreds that remain.
I have this day put (my good friend) Dr. Gibson in mind of the
promise he made you in relation to the Dignitaries &c of Chichester.
I wonder he should never carry me into that Room at Lambeth,
wherein (you tell me) there are so many Surveys of Parishes. I doubt
they have been all taken within the province of Canterbury. Our
Dean and Chapter have such Surveys, taken by the Commissioners
of those powers yt were in ye late dayes of Rebellion of all the Lands
Rents & Tenemts) in the several Mannours belonging to their own
Body, and there is likewise (here, in my Custody) an imperfect
Collection of such Terriers of ye Bishop's Lands : But I have not
heard of any Remains of their Surveys of the parishes in this Diocese.
The meeting with these, at Lambeth or elsewhere, would be a great
pleasure to me.
I heartily beseech God to strengthen you in all your Labours for the
Service of his Church. And am ever
Sr
Your affectionate Brother
and humble Servant
W. Carliol.
[This was sent to Mr. Walker.]'
The following in response to tlie Bishop's enquiries was
sent from Thos. Gibbon of Greystoke : —
Graystcck. Val. Near 3001i p ann
William Morland A.M. of Jesus College in Cambridge ejected
Septr 1650 as by a memr under his own hand Dat. Septr 17, 1650.
After his ejectmt it lay void some time & then succeeded one ]Mr.
West, of whom I can learn no more, but yt abt 2 years end He died
here, then came Dr. Gilpin, who staid here till Mr. Morland came
1. Walker MSS., C. 2, No. 115.
370 The Ejected of 1662
agn to claim his own. So yt I cant see how ]Mr. Calamy can say
he left a good living for his Nonconformity, besides if I have not
been wrong informed ye Dr. was not so willing to leave Gr. but if
he cd ha' perswaded Mr. M. to ha quit claim to it, he wd ha ventur'd
to stay there. Perhaps (as Mr. Cal. says) he did not repent ye
exchange, but I must beleive Mr. C. is but guesseing at ye reason &
2 to one whether our guesses meet. I'm sure I ha' reason to Repent
he ever was there ; for besides suffering ye houses to goe to decay,
he entirely demolished & pulled down 47 yds of building in length
{as I have it to shew under Dr. Smallwoods own hand) : viz.
a byer or cowhouse - 20 yds
a pt of ye fratry - - 7
pt of ye oxhouse - - 5
pt of ye browhouse 6
pt of ye Great barn - 9
and as I have been 47
imformed ye timber
was all Sold.
Mr. Calamy likewise reckons Mr. Anthony Sleigh as ejected, but
wisely leaves his reader to guess fro whence. Whilst Dr. Gilpin held
Gr. he was his Servt. (& as I have been told, in no very high Station)
'tis true, he gather'd a Congregation at Penruddock in ye Parish of
Gr. wch He kept up till his Death (wch happend abt 3 or 4 years
ago) So yt I think we may make a fair queeri fro whence he was
ejected.
My Lord
These are ye best Memrdums I can get concerning things wch
happend soe long since, & in a Country to wch yr Ldship knows I
was born a Stranger, if they are not put into ye method they shd in
order to an Answer to Queeries, if yor Ldship pleases to give me
directions I shall do my best to observe them, being
My Ld.
Yr Lordship's
In all Duty
Tho : Gibbon.
Graystock, June 30, 1707.
This letter was sent to the Bishop, who pens the following
on one side : —
Neither Mr. Morland nor any of the other five mentiond in these
papers, had either a Fifth (or any other share) of the profits of their
Benefices ; dureing their Sequestration. Mr. West was the onely
Surviveing Member of ye Chapter at the Restoration of K. Ch. 2.
I
Great Salkeld 371
This is followed thus : —
Besides the enclosed [Gibbon's letter] (wch is most home on Mr.
Calamy) I had little return'd worth sending fro ye Diocese of Carlile.
The other Clergy-men of note, who lived to be restor'd to yir Liveings
in 1660 were :
1. Lewis West M.A. Prebendary & Vicar of Addingham in Cum-
berland.
2. Bernard Eobinson M.A. Vicar of Torpenhow in Cumberland.
3. Joseph Nicolson M.A. Rector of Plumbland in Cumberland.
4. Will : Curwen M.A. Vicar of Crosby-Eavensworth in Westmer-
land.
5. Arthur Savage M.A. Rector of Brougham in Westmerland.'
To this may be appended the following extract from a
letter dated " Ap. 6, 1706, Hacknes," signed by " Phi,
Sydenham," who was one of Walker's largest corres-
pondents : —
Of Carlile I hav onely Mr. West who survived wm I gav yu an
Acct of before ye Same I suppose yt ye prest Bp. hav giv yu he told
me he cold detect sevl gross mistakes wch I suppose he hav sent yu
unless he is afraid to desplease Cant. & Godolphin. I beleiv his own
ffather was a temporizer Vicar of Plumbtree [Plumbland] in Cumberld
& I am afraid ye son has an itch of it too but yt is not Strang or
unusual wth Scots nay a desease yt reigns & rages too much wth us
God preserve me fro it.2
Dr. Todd's communications are as follow : —
Sir
I am much obliged to you for many favours. I had my Brother's
Letter inclosed by you ; & sent it to Him to Chatham, where he
then was. He is now (as He tells me) for the West Indies again;
And hopes to Return, with better success. If he owe you anything
lett me know : & I will doe what I can ; that you may have what is
due to you.
I see in ye Gazet that you are about printing an Acct of Sufferers
in ye late Rebellion Lett me know, who undertakes the Work -. & if
you have no particular Accounts from the North I shall be ready to
give you the best Information I can. Such a Work, should be as
Compleat as possible, that None Complain of omissions. With my
1. Walker MSS., C. 2, No. 489.
2. Ibid., C. 3, No. 107.
372 The Ejected of 1662
Service to Mrs. Clavell ; and your son Tully & all friends. I am with
Great Trueth
Your very assured frd [friend] to Serve
Penrith Apr. 1, 1704. you
Hugh Todd.^
Sir
You are pleased to desire of me an Account of the Sufferings of the
Clergy of the Diocese of Carlisle during the time of the great Rebellion
and Usurpation. The Diocese of Carlisle, as it lyes next to Scotland,
so upon the Invasion of the Scots in ye begining of ye Civil Warrs,
it suffer'd extremely in Taxes and Impositions for the Subsistance of
their Army : and the Clergy more then any others. Upon the death
of Barnaby Potter Bp of Carlisle 1641 : The most Reverend Dr.
Jamfes Ussher ABp of Armaugh who had then fled into England upon
acct of the Rebellion & Massacre in Ireland, had the Bprick bestowd
upon Him in Comendam by the King. The Recomendamus bears
Date the 16th of Febr. Regn 17 (1642) By Vertue of it, He Comis-
sions Isaac Singleton Archdeacon & Chancellor Lane Dawes D.D.
and the rest of the Prebendaries of Carlisle & Others, to grant
Institutions and Exercise Episcopal Juresdiction in his absence. The
Sufferings of that Great Prelate, are well known ; but whether they
were any way alleviated by any Revenues from Carlisle is somewhat
uncertain for the Confusions came on so fast, that the Stewards and
Agents whom He employ'd were either unable to gett up wt might
be due to ye Bprick, or what they did receive, was not paid to Him,
as it ought to have been. When the Rebells had got Power, all
Arrears and growing Rents, were collected for their Use, by one
Barker their Agent, who destroy'd the Woods, pillaged the Castle of
Rose, the Bps Residence, and carry 'd off many of the Stones to
build his own House & barns. He did not live long after the
Restoracon ; and now his son and Posterity are gone, & The Houses
& Land sold. About ye year 1645, One Mr. Lowther, who had been
Constable of ye Castle of Rose, got some Provisions and Arms and
about 20 or 30 of the Tenants into ye Castle, and thought to have kept
it for the right Power. This attempt soon allarmed some of Coll
Heveninghams Regiment, who then lay in ye County, who imediately
came & beat out ye poor Garreson & sett fire to ye Place, wch burnt
down the best & greatest part of it, wch remains unrepaird to this
day. Heveningham, Sykes & some other officers of the Rebeil Army
had the woods. Lands, & Revenues both of ye Bp. & Dean & chapter,
for their Debentures ; who sold them at easy Rates to gentm and
Others of ye County, who were of their Interest. In the begining
of ye Civil Warrs Thomas Comber D.D. and Master of Trinity Coll.
Cambr was Dean of Carlisle. He was promoted to that character
by K. C. 1, reg. 5. He seldom came at Carlisle so nothing is known
1. Walker MSS., C. 1, fol. 33.
Great Salkeld i^y^
particularly of Him or his Sufferings in that Place. He was a very
Learned man, & a great Sufferer ; being Ejected out of his Deanery
and all other his Prefermts. He dy'd about ye Time of ye Resteraon.
The Canons or Prebendaries of Carlisle A.D. 1641 were Lancelot
Dawes D.D. Lewes West M.A. Richard Smith B.D.' & Frederick
Tonstall A.M. four being their Number. They were All men of
Marck and Learning and All suffer'd togeather in the Cause of the
King and Church. In ye year, 1643, upon the Death of Mr. Smith
Mr. Henry Hutton, a very Learned and Reverend Person, son to the
Eminent Judge Hutton and R«ctor of Long Marton, in ye Diocese,
was Collated to ye 4th Prebend, by the ArchBp., but the Confusions
of the Times, were so great, that he never enjoy'd any Benefit by
the Promotion ; nor did he live till the Reestablishmt of the Church.
The City of Carlisle, with ye Walls of wch the Cathedral Church
stands tho separated from ye Town by an Inclosure, in ye year 1644
& 1645 endur'd a Seige and Blockade of 16 or 18 months, and, was
One of the last Garrisons that surrender'd to the Rebell Party Upon
Articles of Surrendry to David Lesley Lieutennt Genii of the Scotch
Cavalry, the Fairish & Windows of the Cathedral, were to be
preserv'd entire and ye Members of the College then Resident were
to remain unmolested. But shortly after, other Soldiers being sent to
Garrison the Fort, and the King's Interest declining all manner of
Sacrilegious violence was Comitted. The Books, Records, and Muni-
ments of the Cathedral were burnt, torn, dispersed or embessel'd (?).
The Chapter Hou.se wch was a very elegant Building, the Houses of
ye Canons & ^Minor-Canons ; the Dormitory, the Cloisters and
almost the whole Fairish of the College, was demolishd, and the
Stones, Timber and Lead converted to the private use of those, who
had Usurped the Place & Power of their Lawfull Superiors. And
wch was the greatest Violance of all, the .prevailing Rebells, order'd
the Soldiers to pull down the Porch, wch was very magnificent, and
the Body, of the Parochiall Church of St. Maries, wch joins to the
Cathedrall and to blow up the Pillars with Gunpowder : And em-
ploy'd the Materials to build a Main Guard in ye Market Place, and
three Guard Chambers, at the three Gates of the City, wch remain
to this day, both a Blemish to ye Cathedral, and a Reflexion on ye
. Piety of better Times. About ye year 1657 the Cathedral growing
ruinous by ye neglect of its Reparacons ; a Contract was made by ye
Usurpers for the Sale of the Lead and Materials; and Soldiers were
order'd to pull it down. They were got upon the Roof, and had
certainly executed their Comands, had not the then :Mayor of the
1. Under date April 20, 1642, Doctor Dawes and "]Mr. Richard
Smyth" are given as "Divines fit to be consulted in relation to Church
matters" in Cumberland (C. J., vol. ii, p. 535).
374 The Ejected of 1662
City Mr. Tullie prevaild with ye Comandant, to stay the Execution
of his Orders till he might heare from ye Governmt wt their Inten-
tions were. In the mean time Cromwell sickens & dyes ; and ye
Cathedral stands, as a Monument of that fortunate Period.
The Sufferings of the Parochial Clergy of ye Diocess of Carlisle,
were as great, considering the paucity of their numbers, and the
meanness of their Prefermts as of any Diocess in ye Kingdom. Their
Persecutors had several Comittees composed chiefly of Tradesmen and
Inferior Persons. These were Ambulatory, and remov'd from Place
to place as they saw occasion ; the Chief Residence was at New
Castle upon Tine. Some of their Ministers were mix'd with these
Comittee-men ; but alwaies of a lesser number then their Justices of
Peace and Tradesmen. The Episcopal Clergy, when they were con-
ven'd before these Judges to answer for themselves & their Doctrines
could not but observe, that the Men of Trade, who were got upon ye
Bench, such as Caister Studholme Langhorn &c were alwaies most
busy, and asked them the most Questions whereas some gentlemen
who were misledd into their Interests ; and some Military Officers
who had more breeding & generosity treated them with Civility &
Respect and were ready on all occasions to doe them all ye good
offices they could or durst doe.
The Questions they asked them were, generally about ye Justice
of their own Proceedings, the Divine Right of their Church Governmt ;
about Grace and Election &c. And to one who was willing to submit
his gifts to their Tryall, they gave a Text out of ye 7th to ye Rom.
I find amongst the Papers of one who was a Sufferer [Mr. Thomas
Todd Rector of Hutton my Father] in those Times that when he was
convend before the Comittee he was ask'd by a Shop Keeper one of
his Judges, who was the best Interpreter of Scripture. And when
he had given a good & proper answer to such a wild Question the
next Interrogation was, Do you ever use the Lord's Prayr. And in
a short time He was Ejected out of his Living, and One Jackson, a
bawling. Illiterate Man put in his Place, who held it and another
Parish, during the whole time of the Usurpation. When this Person
and Others of the same Judgmt were sent for under Custody to
Carlisle and there kept as Prisoners for some time, all that was laid
to their charge was that they Baptiz'd Children, Visited ye Sick, and
sometimes preach 'd privately, to their Parishoners & Others. They
were very Inquisitive into ye Lives & Convsacons of the Regular
Clergy, and if they could find the least fault there, they proclaim'd
it with all possible aggravations, and declar'd them to be Ejected as
Scandalous Ministers, One was Ejected avowedly for hunting and
going to a Publick House : Another's Crime was that he worked in
his Garden on ye Sabbath day in ye Evening ; and to another waa
imputed the Errors of his Servants, wch he could not prevent.
Great Salkeld 375
The most Opulent Liveing in ye Diocess is the Rectory or Collegiate
Church of Graystock, Mr. Willm Morland A.M. who had been
Presented to it, by Thomas Earl of Arundel was ejected out of it ;
& the Tiths & Glebe lett to Farmers : and one Mr. Rich Gilpin, who
(as I have heard) was bred a Queristier at Durham, and afterwards
was Usher or Master of the Free School there, and who following
the Interests of the prevailing Party at Durham and those Parts ;
was appointed to supply the Place and take Possession of ye Par-
sonage house and Revenues. This Mr. Gilpin was a Leading Man
of the Party. He comonly Presided as Moderator in Private Assem-
blies ; Printed a Sermon, wch he preach'd at Keswick with a Creed
or Confession of their Faith, wch was Licensed by Mr. Tim. Tullie,
who was Moderator pro tempore ; and Published some Discourses or
Sermons wch he had Preach'd at Greystock upon Gal. 3, 1 and was
deservedly esteem'd a Person of the best Learning and most Modera-
tion of any of the Presbyterian Party in these Parts. After the
Restoration of Episcopacy 1660 He practised Physick & took Degree
in that Faculty at Leyden and tho' he came in to ye Measures of
King James 1686 and Addressd that Prince from the Liberty of
Conscience wch he graunted and kept a Meeting house at New Castle
yet he was so well satesfy'd with ye Conduct of ye Episcopall Clergy
during that Reign that he frequently came to Comon Prayer & desir'd
at his death (as I have been told) that he n~ight be bury'd According
to the Order & Rites of the Establi-shed Church.
Mr. Frederick Tonstall a Person of Quality and Learning was
Ejected out of ye Rectory of Caldbeck ; and a farr less deserving
person putt in his Place, Mr. John Haisty lost his Vicaridge of
Penreth & one Baldwin a stranger, had it from ye Comittee. Mr.
Leonard Milburn Son to ye Bp. of Carlisle of yt Name was depriv'd
of the Rectory of Skelton ; Mr. Arthur Savage of the Rectory of St.
Ninians ; Mr. Thomas Todd of ye Rectory of Hutton and Mr. Lewes
West of the Vicaridge of Adingham. And not to insist upon
Particulars All the clergy of the Diocess were Ejected except a very
few : and in their Persons & Families exposed to all the miseries and
Calamities in ye World. Their Revenues and Glebes were sett to
Farme by Persons Employ'd for that purpose ; and the Money that
arose from them, was paid in by the Farmers to the Comittee, who
destributed it amongst their Itinerant Ministers & Preachers, as they
thought fitt. For tho they Ejected the Episcopal Clergy and so left
many Cures vacant, they did not care to supply them, nor could they
doe it presently with particular Incumbents ; But they entertain'd
certain Publick Preachers, New Lights as ye People called them,
Some of whom they had out of the Southern Parts, as Larkham
Polewheal, Madder &c. whom they Commission'd to gee about ye
Country, and to sow the seeds of Schism and Sedition in all parts.
376 The Ejected of 1662
At, and about Carlisle some of the Military Independent Ofl&cers
frequently saved them of the Trouble, and in their Buff-Coats &
Armour talked to ye people, what they thought fitt. In Gelsland
and the Parts that lye next to Northumberland Mr. Hickeringill, the
new turbulent Man at Colche.«ter,' Mr. Rowland Nichols then Rector
of Aikton and the late Lord Eskridge of famous memory, exercised
their Parts. All men of much more Witt and Ingenuity then solidity
and serious Religion, who were brought into these Parts, by a Person
of Honour, who had, in some measure, embraced the prevailing
Interest of these Times.
The People generally had no great likeing to these New Guides.
They thought them Usurpers and Intruders into other Men's Rights.
And upon all Opportunity were glad to hear Sermons and Instruc-
tions from their Regular and Lawfull Pastors. Those who were most
zealous in the New way & who attended their Sermons & Repititions
with most Devotion, very many of them being Quakers & Enthusiasts ;
and George Fox, who was born in the Diocess2 and was One of the
Inventors of Quakerism, had a plentifull Harvest of Converts in these
Times (as he tells ye world in his Life & Sufferings) the ill Conse-
quences of wch are much to be deplored at this day.
Amongst the Presbyterian & Independent Teachers those who
comply'd & Conform'd at ye Restoration were observ'd to be of no
greate or more laudable Attainments then those that had been Ejected
to make room for some of them. They were remarkably peevish and
Contentious, Some of them of a loose & Careless Conversation and
what was a very ill Consequence of their Complyance, notwithstanding
all the Care of their Superiors, and their own Solemn Promises &
Obligations to observe the Canons & Rules of ye Liturgy they
advancd but to a Lame & partial Conformity, and in a manner made
their Churches they were legally Inducted into as Irregular & dis-
orderly as their Meetings & Conventicles had been. The Regular
Clergy who suffer'd, tho they were reduc'd to their greatest streeghts
both in their Persons & Families yet, they had the Comforts not only
of a good Conscience but likewise the Assistance & Support of Sevll
Persons of Quality and Condition, who were ready upon all occasions
to doe them good. These were the Loyall & Episcopall Nobility &
Gentry ; who tho they were Sequester'd & confin'd themselves yet
1. He was for some time a Captain in Major-General Fleetwood's
forces and subsequently was Vicar of St. Peter's, Colchester, for a
short time, and Rector of All Saints in the same place for 46 years.
A couple of letters, which reveal the oddness of the man, appear in
Thoresby's Letters (vol. i, p. 447 : vol. ii, p. 8 ; vide also Diaries, vol. i,
p 
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11